Esifundeni Kwezomnotho Eastern eSiberia: izihloko, isimo sezulu, nemithombo eziyisisekelo, labantu

esifundeni Kwezomnotho East eSiberia - ngelinye lamavesi abaluleke kunawo futhi iningi the 12 amayunithi efanayo sendawo WaseRussia. Nge imithombo yayo enkulu amandla ezomnotho, kubalulekile sokuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda ezweni lonke. Kuyini esifundeni kwezomnotho Eastern eSiberia, lapho likhona, yini izinsiza uye futhi yiziphi izici zayo? Ake sihlolisise lezi zinkinga.

indawo

isikhundla Geographical - into yokuqala okufanele alalelwa. Lena isici esibalulekile esingase inomthelela kokubili sezulu esifundeni kanye umnotho walo.

esifundeni Kwezomnotho Eastern eSiberia itholakala engxenyeni Asian we Russian Federation. It usesikhundleni esikhulu kwendawo eklanywe njengomumo womhlaba esifundeni eSiberia. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le ndawo kwezomnotho ngokwendawo kucishe laseSiberia Federal District. Isifunda akubandakanyi kuphela abanye Western Federal District.

esifundeni East-Siberian entshonalanga ke elisemngceleni ne West esifundeni kwezomnotho naseSiberia, empumalanga - ne Ekude, eningizimu emngceleni ophakathi Russia nase-China ne-Mongolia. endaweni North wageza ngasemanzini-Arctic Ocean.

Economic Region East-Siberian ine indawo 4.123.000 km ^2. Lena ephakeme kunaleyo nje usayizi we-Far Eastern esifundeni kwezomnotho.

Lawa isikhundla ezindawo ka the amayunithi indawo yeRussia.

division zokuphatha

Manje zimiseleni izikhonzi East laseSiberia esifundeni kwezomnotho. It ihlukaniswe yaba izifunda eziyisithupha zokuphatha:

• Republic of Khakassia.
• Republic of Tyva.
• Republic of Buryatia.
• Esifundeni sase-Irkutsk.
• Krasnoyarsk Territory.
• Trans-iBaikal Territory.

esifundeni ngasinye, esikhundleni salokho, ihlukaniswe yaba izifunda zokuphatha.

Isifunda ngobukhulu - Krasnoyarsk esifundeni. endaweni yaso 2366.797 sq. M. km, okuyinto aphakeme yesibili ngemva Yakutia phakathi kwazo zonke izikhonzi lo mfelandawonye. Khona-ke ubukhulu endaweni kufanele kube Trans-iBaikal Territory, esifundeni sase-Irkutsk kanye Buryatia. Kumephu, ungakwazi zibukeke ukubona isilinganiso indawo abadlali ezahlukene esifundeni kwezomnotho we inhlangano. Usayizi owesincane endaweni has Khakasiia (61,600 km ^2.).

District zokuqondisa ezikhonzini umfelandawonye:

• Abakan (Khakassia).
• Krasnoyarsk (Krasnoyarsk Territory).
• Kyzyl (Tyva).
• Ulan Ude (Buriatia).
• Chita (Trans-iBaikal Territory).
• Irkutsk (esifundeni sase-Irkutsk).

Ngayinye yalezi nemizana kubaluleke ethile esifundeni. Yilena imizi ukuthi angikwazi siziqhenye eSiberia. Krasnoyarsk - idolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke kulesi sifunda kwezomnotho. Isibalo abakhileyo kulo abangaphezu kwesigidi abantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubhekwa maphakathi esifundeni kwezomnotho.

Isimo sezulu

A obuphelele enkulu enyakatho naseningizimu kwaba isizathu inani elikhulu sezulu esishintshashintshayo endaweni kokwehlukaniswa iziqephu.

Esiqhingini Arctic Ocean etholakala ehlane arctic nomunye ephansi lokushisa imibuso Emhlabeni. ikhava eqhwa lapha unyaka wonke. Eduze nogu nolwandle zone nezimfunda. Amazinga isilinganiso ngoJanuwari, kukhona -36 ° C. Onyakeni kukhona okungenani izinsuku ezingamashumi amane, ngesikhathi lapho izinga lokushisa udlula 10 ° C. Lesi sikhathi kubhekwa ehlobo. It elise eseningizimu nje emathafeni ase nezimila ongaphakeme nehlobo cool kanti afudumele ebusika.

Ngaphezu kwalokho eningizimu kufanele ehlathini. Le ndawo ithatha ingxenye enkulu yesifunda yezomnotho. Sici Its esiwuphawu iyona izimila obukhulu ethulwa izihlahla ngokuyinhloko ubude. Summers lapha ziyashisa Ubusika abanokhahlo.

Eningizimu kukhona yanjalo esishintshashintshayo asemaqeleni kanye asemaqeleni. Bona ivelele ehlobo kushisa futhi ubusika kuqhathaniswa abandayo. Ngo asemaqeleni ehlobo uwela imvula kancane kakhulu, kanti nezitshalo siqukethe izitshalo ekhula ongaphakeme. Kodwa-ke kumelwe kuthiwe asemaqeleni kanye zone asemaqeleni ithatha ngempela endaweni encane.

Futhi, ezintabeni, kunezindawo altitudinal esishintshashintshayo anezici ezithile zezulu.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le ndawo kwezomnotho imakwe ngohlobo abukhali zamazwekazi sezulu. Lokhu kungenxa amabanga amade uma liya olwandle efudumele. Ngakho-ke, nsuku zonke futhi yonyaka lokushisa ekushintshashintsheni esifundeni kuyaphawuleka ngempela.

kwemithombo yemvelo

Izinto ezingokwemvelo aseMpumalanga laseSiberia esifundeni kwezomnotho imakwe ngempela ezihlukahlukene esikhulu ivolumu esitokisini.

Ngo esifundeni zikhona izimali ezifakwa ezinkulu zamalahle lignite kanzima, igolide, uwoyela, insimbi, imikhando polymetallic nethusi-nickel. Kukhona futhi zigcine ka asbestos, graphite, usawoti, talc futhi mica.

Kodwa endaweni eyinhloko kwemali - oluningi ihlathi. Ngenxa yalesi inkomba, ngoba kunesithembiso ubuholi phakathi izakhiwo indawo efanayo eRussia.

amadamu

Imithombo yemvelo zihlanganisa Imifula eminingi nasemachibini amaningi. Emnothweni, bajwayele hhayi kuphela ngesikhathi bedoba nenhlanzi ukulima, kodwa futhi njengendlela Umthambo ezokuthutha, kanye ugesi.

Phakathi izidumbu ezinkulu amanzi kufanele zabelwe iChibi iBaikal. Kuyinto echibini ejulile emhlabeni. Ukujula obuyisilinganiselo 1642 m. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi amanzi ahlanzekile in kwesigubhu afinyelela ku-19% wezindleko emhlabeni.

Phakathi imifula kuyadingeka ukukhetha eside kakhulu Russian Yelena River (4,400 km), i-Yenisei kanye lase-Amur. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imithombo emikhulu yamanzi yimifula ezifana Tungusska ephansi, Hatanga, Selenga, Stony Tunguska. emfuleni ebaluleke kakhulu emnothweni wezwe iyona Angara, exhumanisa iBaikal futhi Yenisei. Lomfula uchungechunge iziteshi amandla kagesi, kuhlanganise eBratsk isitshalo amandla kagesi, esikhiqiza izindodla ugesi.

labantu wesifunda

Labantu bafundelwa esifundeni kwezomnotho ka 8.4 million. Abantu. I kwabantu labantu lapha ingenye aphansi e-Russia, futhi abantu mayelana 2. 1 sq. km. Lesi sibalo elandelayo kuphela Far Eastern esifundeni kwezomnotho. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi eseningizimu has ezingeni elikhulu kakhulu sabantu kuka wonke esifundeni East-Siberian iyonke. Lapha ukwanda kwabantu esefike ezingeni labantu abangu-30. sq ngayinye. km.

Ethnic yibona Russian phakathi nabakhileyo esifundeni kwezomnotho. Isabelo sabo idlula 80% abantu sebebonke yesifunda. Zonke namanye amaqembu abantu bendabuko ziphansi kubo ngokuya khona. Ukuze ngobukhulu Russian Buryat futhi zaseTuva kukhona - abantu bomdabu ayehlala eMpumalanga laseSiberia esifundeni kwezomnotho. Inani labantu base-le ndawo futhi emelelwa Ukraine futhi AmaTatar, hlala, ngokulandelana, lesine nelesihlanu ngobukhulu.

Phakathi abantu bomdabu futhi kufanele ugcizelele Shor, Evenki futhi Dolgan. Kodwa inani abameleli idatha yobuhlanga incane. Ngakho, abameleli Dolgan abantu, kukhona okuncane okwengeziwe kuphela kuka eziyinkulungwane 5.5. Man.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi labantu endaweni, kusukela 2012, kokukhulumela phezulu, nakuba kusukela ngo-1992 kwenzeka ukuna ukwehla lokubala ubuningi babantu esikhathini izakhamuzi eziningi.

umkhakha

izici Economic kwendawo imakwe nokuthuthukiswa umkhakha nezolimo.

The main legatsha umnotho kuyinto yezimayini. Kukhona lunye evelele aseMpumalanga laseSiberia esifundeni kwezomnotho ezezimayini. Ikakhulu, sitsetse izimayini ebalulekile endaweni amalahle, amafutha imikhando ahlukahlukene sensimbi, okuyinto kakade eshiwo ngenhla.

It has onekusasa yezimboni Eastern eSiberia. Krasnoyarsk abadumile athuthukile imishini esindayo kanye umkhakha Metallurgical. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo muzi has a isitshalo ukwenziwa kwemithi, kanye nenkampani, oveza TV.

E-Irkutsk kukhona imboni ogxile ubunjiniyela esindayo, ibhizinisi izindiza yokukhiqiza, kanye inkampani waseRussia ngobukhulu namandla "Irkutskenergo". Lokhu akusona isimanga, ngoba amandla umthamo inikeza ngobukhulu Angara wendlale. UMkhandludolobha uphinde athuthukile umkhakha ukudla, ikakhulukazi ukukhiqizwa inyama, yobisi ebhikawozi imikhiqizo.

Shiya ezingaba zezimboni okusezingeni eliphezulu has Abakan. Khakassia bangaziqhayisa isikhungo ezinjalo. It has a imoto wokwakha embonini enkulu, eziningi amabhizinisi ukudla nokukhanya umkhakha, izitshalo ezinkulu amandla ezishisayo. Yezimpumelelo zakamuva kufanele ngokuthi kokutholakala ngobukhulu eSiberia amandla plant ku amandla elanga.

Isikhungo se-Trans-iBaikal esifundeni - emzini Chita - idume isitshalo zobunjiniyela futhi indlu wokwakha zalo zasembonini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imoto isitshalo wethulwa muva. Kodwa lo main kugxilwa ekuthuthukiseni ingqalasizinda Chita amandla umkhakha. Ensimini ka edolobheni ezimbili nje izitshalo amandla ezishisayo, okuyinto nikeza kwamandla kagesi kuso sonke isifunda.

izifunda Major kwezezimboni lizwe of Buryatia. Kumephu, okuyinto uvezwa oboniswe ngenhla, ubonisa ngokucacile ukuthi ungawukhipha kanjani lokhu republic ozungezayo iChibi iBaikal. umkhakha athuthukisiwe kuyinkinga enkulu kwemvelo ngoba ichibi. Esikhathini inhlokodolobha Buryatia, Ulan-Ude kakhulu athuthukile uhla izimboni. Kukhona ubunjiniyela, amandla, izimayini, ukwakhiwa, ukhuni ukucutshungulwa amabhizinisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona izinhlangano wahlanganyela zokukhiqiza ukudla nokukhanya izimboni. Ngokukhethekile kufanele kukhokhelwe inkampani "Buryatzoloto", wahlanganyela ukuthuthukiswa kwezimayini zegolide.

Isifunda ampofu kakhulu esifundeni ezingokomnotho Republic of Tyva. Kube ifinyelele ngezabelo abalulekile kuphela ekuthuthukiseni imboni yetetimayini.

Ngakho, izindawo eyinhloko umkhakha esifundeni ezingokomnotho sezimayini, yokusansimbi, ukhuni ukucutshungulwa, amandla isizukulwane, ukwakhiwa, futhi ukudla textile sphere zokuphatha.

ezolimo

Ngenxa yesimo lwesifundo nendawo ezisenyakatho ngezansi kwe-Arctic Circle eyiqhwa kahle ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo kungenzeka kuphela esifundeni kwezomnotho eningizimu. Kukhona izitshalo ikakhulukazi esekhulile. Isivuno eyinhloko entwasahlobo kakolweni. Futhi ukusatshalaliswa lithole oats ezikhulayo nebhali. Phakathi kwezilimo commercial kufanele zabelwe-sugar beet, etshalwa ezindaweni engxenyeni eseningizimu yaleli Krasnodar Territory kanye Republic of Buryatia. Amakhabe etshalwa ngendlela yezomnotho kuphela Minusinskaya umcengezi.

Imfuyo zizalela is kahle kulo lonke elakwa-esifundeni kwezomnotho. Kodwa lunye imfuyo umkhakha kuncike esifundeni. Ngakho, ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho Krasnoyarsk Territory e nemibandela ukunakekela emathafeni reindeer is kahle. Eningizimu, ehlathini-asemaqeleni kanye asemaqeleni izindawo, amapulazi wahlanganyela imvu zizalela. Ikakhulu, ngokukhethekile isiqondiso esihle esihle futhi ephuma futhi mjasosherstnyh kanye elingenamikhono. Ehlathini athuthukile yokuzalanisa nokuzingela izilwane noboya-ebizwa, kanye nezinye izindawo zokulima. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezindaweni ezimaphakathi naseningizimu wendawo evamile kwezomnotho of ukufuywa. Ukudoba itholakala cishe kuyo yonke indawo.

Ngokuvamile, kufanele kuphawulwe endaweni kakhulu kwezomnotho athuthukile bemfuyo kuqhathaniswa isivuno. imikhiqizo Nqampuna ekhiqizwa lapha, labantu akwanele, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuba dovozit kusuka kwezinye izifunda kwezomnotho eRussia kanye nabantu baphesheya. Lokhu ikakhulukazi liphinyiselwe maqondana izithelo nemifino.

imizila Ezokuthutha

Ezokuthutha isemqoka kakhulu ubuqotho kwezomnotho besifunda, ogama indawo ibanga izinkulungwane amakhilomitha.

Ezifundazweni eziseningizimu ye esifundeni kwezomnotho kanye sokuqondisa Russia naseMpumalanga Ekude kuyinto amathrekhi ehambisana. Ikakhulu, i-indima ebalulekile eyadlalwa ujantshi Trans-Siberian, ukwakhiwa zazo waqala ngo-1891, futhi iBaikal-Amur ahlanganisa imigwaqo emikhulu, nokwakha kusukela ngo-1938 kuya ku-1984. Ngezinye amabanga ezinkulu ukuthuthwa abagibeli nempahla ngezitimela ke umise ngokwaso njengoba ephumelela kunazo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kule ndawo kwezomnotho eningizimu wabeka inombolo emikhulu ebalulekile ukubaluleka sikahulumeni. Okubaluleke kakhulu lezi amathrekhi R255 Novosibirsk - Irkutsk (onguthelawayeka "eSiberia"), R257 Krasnoyarsk - Mongolia ( "Yenisei"), R258 Irkutsk - Chita ( "iBaikal"), R297 Chita - eKhabarovsk ( "Cupid"), A340 Ulan-Ude - Mongolia, A350 Chita - China.

zimbi kakhulu kunjalo ezokuthutha izixhumanisi esifundeni kwezomnotho enkabeni nasenyakatho, ise-Krasnoyarsk Territory. zokuxhumana sesitimela engekho lapha. Kukhona imoto emigwaqweni ukubaluleka wendawo. Ayikho imigwaqo emikhulu kule ndawo. Nokho, kukhona zomgwaqo ezimbili federal, kodwa uku sifushane, zokuhlala exhumene ne zezindiza. ukubaluleka wabo ngokunembile ukunikeza yokungena wezokuxhumana ukubaluleka zamasu. Lokhu onguthelawayeka A382 yokuxhuma Dudinka Airport Alykel futhi A383 komgwaqo, enikeza ukufinyelela kusukela emzini Tours Airport Intaba.

Njengoba singabona, phansi uxhumano ezingxenyeni enkabeni nasenyakatho besifunda athuthukiswe kahle ababuthakathaka. Of Ikakhulukazi ukubaluleka atholwe emfuleni zokuhamba. Imifula Yelena Yenissei, Hatanga, Stony Tunguska kukhona backbones yemvelo ukuthi ukunikeza traffic ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu futhi okuphambene nalokho. Banikezwe amabanga amade, ngempela ebalulekile liveza nokuthi zokuxhumana emoyeni.

Ogwini ye-Arctic Ocean lamachweba ka Dudinka, Dixon, Igarka, Noordwijk. Ziyakwazi amasayithi kubaluleke kabi, hhayi nje ngobe kutawutfutfukisa navigation isiRashiya, kodwa futhi ukuxhumana ngamazwe.

Inani esifundeni kwezomnotho

Njengoba ubona, kunzima overestimate ukubaluleka esifundeni East-Siberian yezwe. Ungumthombo wako ka esibalulekile amaminerali ezifana amalahle, uwoyela, metal imikhando, igolide kanye nabanye. Neqiniso yezimboni endaweni futhi enkulu kakhulu. izindawo Main: yokusansimbi, yimboni yetimayini.

Of inothi olukhethekile yemvelo engafani nezinye le ndawo zokuzamazama ezahlukene zezulu: kukhona izingwadule nezimfunda-arctic, ehlathini futhi asemaqeleni. Ehlathini has nenqwaba ukhuni ngalesosikhathi developed ukulima, ukuhlinzeka lizwe nge uboya ezibalulekile. EMpumalanga eSiberia kukhona omkhulu izinqolobane amanzi echibini emhlabeni ejulile iBaikal - eliyigugu of esifundeni kweqiniso.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo kufanele kusho ukuthi East laseSiberia esifundeni kwezomnotho kudingeka aso wekwenta ncono sakhiwonchanti zokuthutha, kanye ekukhuliseni ngcono umphakathi lokuphila lapha. Lezi izinkinga ayikwazi ixazululwe esikhathini esifushane. Laba yini ikhambi labo kudinga ihlelo lamaqhinga lesikhathi esizayo. Kodwa kubalulekile hhayi nje kuphela babe plan, kodwa futhi banamathele eduze ngangokunokwenzeka ekwenzeni lokho okuhleliwe. Futhi zonke izinsiza ezidingekayo ukuze lelisu usisebenzise e-Eastern eSiberia ayatholakala.