Umsoco enteral - kuyini? ingxube izakhi for iziguli esikhathini postoperative

Ekuphileni kunezimo ezahlukene lapho umuntu omdala awukwazi ukuthatha ukudla ngendlela ejwayelekile. Lokhu kwenzeka ikakhulu ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Phakathi nenkathi yokutakula umuntu engakwazi ukuhlafuna futhi sikhuphukela ekugayeni ukudla. Kodwa futhi ngalesi sikhathi kudingeka ukuba isiguli sibe ukulokhu izakhi emzimbeni ukusebenza zonke izinhlaka kanye nezimpilo ekubuyiseleni. Kulokhu, kokuthola amaKristu anjalo anomusa ukudla emzimbeni njengoba yokudla enteral.

umsoco enteral - kuyini?

Lolu hlobo ukunakekelwa nesineke, kuba isici ukuthi ukudla kuvelaphi ngepayipi noma indlela ekhethekile. Ngokuvamile e ezifana ukudla ezisetshenziswa Izingxube ekhethekile. Yehluka ukudla okuvamile abadala, njengoba uthi ezithile isiguli awukwazi ukuthatha neminye imikhiqizo.

Izinzuzo amandla anjalo

Lolu hlobo lokudla kunezinzuzo zako for iziguli:

1. Bokuphila - ukudla ku isimiso sokugaya ukudla bungene sihamba ngqo, umvumela ukuba kufakwe kalula futhi amandla isiguli emva kokuhlinzwa.
2. ukudla eshibhile - isicelo le ndlela akudingeki izindleko kakhulu.
3. Simple ukusebenzisa izindlela ezengeziwe - akukho imfuneko inzalo yanda, njengoba ngokwanele nje ukusingatha probe umsoco enteral noma uhlelo i-temlomo yokudla Izingxube.
4. It akakubangeli eziyingozi - Uphenyo sifakwe ngaphandle kwezinkinga, ngakho akukho amathuba nesenzakalo yezinkinga eziyingozi futhi ezisongela ukuphila ukuze isiguli.
5. Ivumela ukunikeza umzimba nazo zonke izincwadi ezidingekayo, lokhu kungenxa ukukhethwa imisindvo elilungile esintu.
6. It kusiza ukuvimbela ukubonakala imiphumela atrophic e pheshana emathunjini.

Izinkomba umsoco enteral

Ukuthuthukiswa wezokwelapha emakhulwini amabili eminyaka adlule Singakwazi yini ukuthola ukuthi yini ezilungele kangcono umuntu emva amasu ukuhlinzwa eyomsiza zilulame ngokushesha futhi ukuthola amandla adingekayo nge ingozi okungenani. Futhi Izingxube ukudla emva kokuhlinzwa namadivayisi yezokwelapha ezengeziwe kunezinzuzo zako kanye izinkomba. Kukhona izinkomba ezithile eziqondile ukuze Izingxube ukuthi umuntu kufanele, kanye kakhulu indlela yokudla. umsoco Artificial unikelwa lapho:

1. Sibekezele ngenxa yesimo sabo akakwazi ukudla lapho aquleke noma abakwazi ukugwinya.
2. I isiguli singenakukwazi ukudla ukudla - esimweni pancreatitis oyingozi noma ukopha e pheshana emathunjini.
3. Umuntu ogulayo enqaba ukudla, isetshenziswa ke ophoqelelwe umsoco enteral. Kuyini uma kukhona isimo esinjalo? Kwenzeka ngo sokuzincisha ukudla, lapho ungeke nje ukulayisha esiswini ukudla abavamile, njengoba kukhona ingozi yokufa emva ugesi isikhathi eside. Futhi, ezihlukahlukene izifo isiguli singenakukwazi akudle, kuleso simo uhlelo isetshenziselwa umsoco enteral, ukugcwalisa umzimba izakhi ezibalulekile ukulwa nesifo.
4. Amandla singahlangabezani nezidingo, kwenzeka nge ukulimala, catabolism, ukusha.

Esimisiwe lolu hlobo amandla futhi izimo zokucabanga okubangelwa isifo ezilandelayo:

• yokuntuleka amaprotheni emzimbeni namandla, uma ungakwazi ukunikeza edonsa lezi izinto ngendlela engokwemvelo;
• uma kwenzeka izimila ahlukahlukene ikhanda, entanyeni nasesiswini;
• uma kukhona isifo okuqhubekayo isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko, ezifana Parkinson, unhlangothi cerebrovascular, uthi ahlukahlukene lutho;
• e umdlavuza uthi ngemva ngemisebe nangamakhemikhali;
• Ukudla ngokuvamile ezinqunyiwe izifo ezinzima emathunjini: pancreatitis, izinqubo sokugembula esibindini futhi ipheshana biliary, malabsorption syndromes , futhi wamathumbu esifushane, futhi isifo Crohn;
• ngokushesha ngemva kokungenela kuhlinzwa emzimbeni;
• ukusha futhi ubuthi acute;
• lapho fistula, sepsis;
• Uma ekuthuthukiseni izifo eziyinkimbinkimbi samafayela;
• e ayimigodi ezinzima;
• ngesikhathi ngamazinga ahlukene umonakalo ngemisebe yomuntu.

Izindlela ngenxa yokuletha izakhi Izingxube

iziguli enteral umsoco buyahluka kuye ngezinkathi indlela yokudla:

1. Ukusebenzisa uphenyo ngenxa yokuletha ingxube zingene esiswini.
2. Amandla Indlela "Kuyinto" - ethola ukudla ekhethekile ngomlomo sips amancane.

Lezi zindlela nazo abizwa ngokuthi yekwentiwa kanye asebenzayo. Umsuka - enteral tube yokudla, ukumnika kwenzeka nge dispenser indlela ekhethekile. Esesibili - asebenzayo, manual, kwenziwe ikakhulukazi nge isipetu. Ukuze usebenzisa le ndlela kubalulekile ukuthola ethile ngxube injected ngobumnene emlonyeni umuntu ogulayo. Kuze kube manje, kubonelelwa kakhulu ama-amaphampu, ciliates, ezithathwa ngokuzenzekelayo fed ingxube.

Okokuphenya umsoco enteral

izihlobo eziningi zeziguli ukubuza umsoco enteral - kuyini nokuthi yini amathuluzi adingekayo? Ngempela, i-indlela enjalo yokugcwalisa umzimba nge ukudla adinga iphenya ezahlukene. Basuke ihlukaniswe:

• nasogastric (nazoenteralnye) - iphenya plastic mncane okuyinto zinemigodi ezingeni elithile, kanye nezilinganiso kalula ukuphatha;
• percutaneous - iqondiswa emva kokuhlinzwa (pharyngoscope, gastrostomy, esophagostomy, eyunostomiya).

Zindlela ukunikezela umzimba

Qonda lolu daba, umsoco enteral - kuyini, akwanele nekuwusebentisa. Ziningi ezicashile isingeniso ukudla emzimbeni ngale ndlela, isibonelo, izinga feed ingxube. Kukhona izindlela eziningana yokuthola amandla nesineke.

1. ingxube Okuphakelayo nge velocity njalo. nesineke Gavage ithola ukudla ngesivinini ethile, kuba 40-60 ml / ihora. Khona-ke specialist ibheka yokusabela isiguli. Lapho ingxube babekezelelwa kahle, ijubane kungenziwa kancane kancane. Ngokwesilinganiso ke ezanda 25 ml / ihora amahora 8-12 ke ngoba ngesikhathi esifanayo ungakwazi ukwengeza okuningi futhi kuze ijubane edingekayo kufinyelelwe. Uma ukusebenza kuphela labetibambile kanti isiguli ngisesimweni esibucayi, ingxube kufanele sinikezwe akukho kuka 20-30 ml / ihora. Kuyadingeka ukuqapha ngokucophelela isimo somuntu. Ukucanuzela kwenhliziyo, isifo sohudo, ukuhlanza, amajaqamba noma kuyancipha ngesilinganiso isingeniso noma Izingxube yalo, noma emakamu yayo. Lokhu kushintsha inkomba omunye ukuthi akukho ukucindezeleka emzimbeni.
2. Ukudla Artificial ingasatshenziswa ngemijikelezo. Lokhu ukudla cyclical wukuthi isiguli emva ukulokhu kancane kancane ukunciphisa kwayo ebusuku, ngaphambi kwekhefu, ngokuletha ngobusuku. Le ndlela elula ukuze isiguli futhi kungenziwa ngepayipi gastrostomy.
3. amandla Session (gqwa) is hhayi kwenziwe kubo bonke. It is kuboniswe yalezo ziguli unohudo noma ukuhlinzwa emathunjini wawenziwa. amandla okunjalo kwezinkolo kubizwa ngokuthi i-gqwa, njengoba izinkathi kwenziwe amahora 4-6.
4. Bolus feeds. Le modi kufana ukudla njalo. Ingxube is injected nge isipetu noma ngepayipi, kodwa imithetho entry kuthiwa waphoqelela. Ngalesi isivinini ingeqi 240 ml yehora ngalinye. Inombolo ukudla ngelanga izikhathi 3-5. Kodwa ukuqala ngokungeza ingxube umi at eziyikhulu ml. Uma isiguli ehlupheka akunankinga, kancane kancane wabe esenezela ne 50 ml. Kodwa lokhu umbuso kuyingozi okuvela njalo yesifo sohudo, ngakho-ke kufanele libekwe futhi uma ziqondiswa uchwepheshe wezinkinga.

Njengoba kulindelekile, laba izindlela akukwazi customizable ngokugcwele okwazo zonke iziguli ezidinga umsoco enteral. Ukukhethwa indlela, isivinini kanye ivolumu ukudla okunjalo ukulethwa emzimbeni senzeka onalezizimpawu ngabanye.

Izakhiwo Izingxube Ukukhetha

Inhlanganisela umsoco enteral Kufanele kukhethwe nezidingo ngabanye iziguli. Ukukhetha kwabo kuxhomeke ezicini eziningana.

1. ngokudla okunomsoco ikakhulukazi iziguli nasezinkingeni ezilandela ngemva kokuhlinzwa kufanele ibe okuhle amandla kwabantu. Akukhona esingaphansi 1 kcal / ml.
2. Ukwakheka ingxube kufanele kube glyutein engekho futhi ne-lactose. Lezi izinto kungabangela komzimba.
3. Kufanele kube hhayi ningi than osmolarity of 340 mOsm / l.
4. Ukuze ugweme izinkinga ne nokwenziwa ukudla kufanele kube non-viscous.
5. Quality ingxube akusho zibangele motility emathunjini.
6. Kuyadingeka ukuthi kwakuyizinsuku inkampani kanye khona izakhi amaprotheni.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-formula for abantwana, kanye nezixazululo ezenziwe imikhiqizo yemvelo, ayifanele umsoco enteral. Ziyakwazi ngoba umuntu omdala kungukuthi olinganiselayo, futhi ngaleyo ndlela ngeke ulethe elamukelekile. Ukuze iziguli ezidinga ukudla okunjalo, izinhlobo zazo Izingxube zenzelwe, okuzoxoxwa ngezansi.

ingxube monomeric

Igama Izingxube inquma umsebenzi wabo. Awaqukathi zonke kunesidingo izakhi mkhondo, kodwa libuye lisetshenziswe isikhathi nasezinkingeni ezilandela ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Izingxube okunjalo yakhiwa glucose nosawoti, ngaleyo ndlela ikwazi ukuba yokutakula emathunjini ukusebenza encane ngokushesha ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Ephambi kwezinduna ukuhlanza noma isifo sohudo kuyinto ukudla omuhle ukusekela amanzi futhi electrolyte ibhalansi emzimbeni. Izingxube ezinjalo "babuka", "Mafusol", "Regidron", "Tsitroglyukosolan", "Orasan" kanye nabanye.

Ukwakheka zokucathula okwesikhathi ukudla

Lokhu kwamandla for iziguli kusekelwe ngokunembile abakhethiwe izakhi zamakhemikhali. Zisetshenziswa ezimweni ezithile iziyaluyalu umzimba emzimbeni e pathologies ezifana isibindi nezinso ukwehluleka, isifo sikashukela kanye pancreatitis. Kulokhu, amanyikwe, isibindi nezinso abakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yabo ethile, ngakho lezi Izingxube sisize lowo muntu ukuba okungenani ingxenye ukubuyisela imisebenzi ebalulekile. Ukuze amandla lolu hlobo zihlanganisa "Vivoneks", "Fleksikal", "Lofenalak" nabanye.

ingxube isigamu-zokucathula

Lezi zithako yokudla okunempilo ngokuba iziguli kaningi lisetshenziswe kunalena eyedlule. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi babe ezilinganiselayo futhi uvumelane anhlobonhlobo iziguli ezidinga ukusetshenziswa umsoco enteral. Lapha, amaphrotheni kukhona ngesimo amino acid kanye peptides, ebavumela ukuba ugxile kalula emzimbeni. izixazululo ezinjalo zisetshenziswa ngokushesha ngemva kokuhlinzwa at sokwephulwa kwe wokugaya ukudla imisebenzi. Lezi zihlanganisa "Nutrien Elemental", "Nutrilon Pepto TSC", "Peptisorb", "Peptamen".

Ejwayelekile polymer imisindvo

Lolu hlobo isetshenziswa izifo eziningi, kulandela ukugasela, uma umuntu equlekile. Ziyakwazi ofanele kakhulu i umzimba omdala e ngezithako zawo. Lezi zixazululo aqukethe zonke amaminerali kudingekile, izakhi trace, amaphrotheni, amafutha, carbohydrate. Bona zihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezintathu.

1. Dry ukuba buhlanjululwe futhi esizosingathwa gavage. Lokhu umsoco elilandelayo enteral: "Nutrizon", "Berlamin Modular", "Nutrikomp Standard".
2. Liquid, okungase iqondiswa ngokushesha. Basuke eyenzelwe izimo lapho ungeke ulahlekelwe ngomzuzu, enikeza umsoco womuntu esibalulekile. Lezi zihlanganisa "Berlamin Modular", "Nutrikomp Liquid", "Nutrizon Standard" kanye nabanye.
3. Izingxube asetshenziswa ngomlomo. Lokhu "Berlamin Modular", "Nutridrink", "Fortikrem" nokunye.

A ingxube ohlangothini

Lolu hlobo ugesi ngenhloso afana ukubukwa compounds zokucathula. Ziklanyelwe ukubuyisela ukusebenza emzimbeni ngesikhathi zokugula ethile. Bona kokulungisa umzimba nokuvaleka kwemigudu yokuphefumula, kwezinso kahle futhi isibindi amasosha omzimba.