Umsebenzi endabeni ethi "Taras Bulba" ngokusho kwepulani

Umsebenzi owenziwe ngomkhiqizo "iTaras Bulba" ujwayele izizukulwane eziningi zezingane zesikole. Indaba edumile kaNikolai Vasilyevich Gogol enhlobo yayo ingaphezu kwendlela enye eyenziwa ngayo inganekwane, isebenza ngempela endabeni. Lokho okusemqoka akuhambisani nokuhlelwa kohlelo lwezifundo zaseSoviet nezanamuhla.

Uhlobo olufihliwe wenveli ye-knightly

Lo msebenzi womlobi "ufihliwe" phakathi kwezindaba, kodwa uhlobo lwakhe langempela luyothando lomlingani. Ngakho-ke kuyoba okunengqondo uma sinikeza abafundi bethu ithuba elibaluleke kakhulu, elingokwengqondo futhi, ekugcineni, "omdala" babuke indaba kaGogol "Taras Bulba". Umbhalo uyingxenye futhi uye, naphezu kwesakhiwo sawo esingenalutho, "isisekelo sesibili", esivulwa uma kuhlaziywa komlando ...

Umfundi, owaziwa ngamaqhawe ale ncwadi, uyaqonda ukuthi uhlangothi lwakhe lokuziqhenya luyaphakamisa, ngokwesibonelo, nge-saga yeRight Roland, owaba yiqhawe lesizwe laseFrance. UTaras Bulba namadodana akhe u-Ostap no-Andriy baqinisile, njengezithombe ezihlangene ze "Cossacks" zeZaporozhye Sich. (I-"Cossacks", hhayi i-Cossacks, - enye yezindaba ezibaluleke kakhulu! Ngakho uCatherine II wabhala esinqumweni sakhe sika-1775, esibhubhisa izikhulu zabo).

Ngokungangabazeki, okuqukethwe kwefilosofi kokudalwa kukaGogol kungumyalo wobuningi obujulile kunomsebenzi endabeni ethi "iTaras Bulba" ingabonisa. Ibanga lesishiyagalombili ngokwemigomo yohlelo jikelele lwezemfundo lithatha ukuthi isinqumo somntwana sisekelwe emibonweni yendaba. Lokhu, okungenani, kuyiqhinga. Ngokusobala, uMnyango WezeMfundo ushukunyiswa ukulula kwesakhiwo. Kodwa lokhu akufani nokuhlambalaza? Isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi ( esiyisici se-epicic heroic) asikona isibonakaliso sokulula.

Ulimi luka-Aesop lomlobi

Indaba yabhalwa ngesikhathi sokuphikisana okunzima kakhulu kukaNicholas I. Kakade iqiniso elilodwa lokubhala incwadi mayelana "nokuhlukumeza ama-knights" ngaleso sikhathi lalihambisana ne-feat! Ngemuva kwalokho, umlobi wayeqaphele ngokumelene nomuntu, kodwa yona .... Kwakukhona - ngesibindi!

Ake sikhumbule ukucaphuna kukaCatherine II kusukela embonweni wakhe we-1775: "I-Sich yaseZaporizhia yabhujiswa ngokuphelele naphakade. Futhi ngisho negama elithi "Zaporozhye Cossacks" akufanele neze lisetshenziswe esikhathini esizayo. "

UGogol waphendula wathi: "Uphila enhliziyweni yakhe! Inkazimulo yakhe ngeke iphele! "

Ukuzimisela kwakhe kuyincazelo ecacile: into ukuthi wathinteka into enamandla kakhulu - izwi legazi.

Ukufaka esikhundleni sokuqaphela amagama

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi umbhali uphoqelelwe ukuba asebenze, ushintshe igama lesiqephu somsebenzi othembekile kakhulu kulabo abacwaningi be-gendarmerie uNicholas I.

Yini eyashintsha umlobi? Sizoba mfushane - igama elithi "Russian". I-Taras Bulba ayikho ngokomlando noma ngokungenangqondo ayikwazanga ukuyisebenzisa.

Ebufakazini bethu "obunconywe", sizokwazi ukubheka iqiniso elilandelayo lomlando, elicashunwe isazi-mlando esikhulu esingumthetho waseRussia uSoloviev SM, uprofesa eMoscow University ekhulwini le-19:

Kuze kube sekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XVII laseRussia labusa ubukhosi bukaRurik (ababusi bokugcina - uFedor I Ioannovich 1557-1598 i-biennium noVasily Shuisky 1552-1612 i-biennium). Izazi-mlando ezihlonishwayo zesikhathi esidlule zabiza leli zwe, lilawulwa yilobukhosi, i-Muscovy.

Futhi kuphela engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-17, i-tsar yokugcina eyayiyingqayizivele ye-All Russia (okusho ukuthi, kunalokho, inhloso kuneqiniso) yayinelungelo lokujoyina amazwe, ukuba nguMbusi wokuqala we-All Russia (okungukuthi wonke uRussia). Ngakho-ke, iPushkin yayilungile ekuchazeni i-Battle of Poltava: "IsiSwedish, isiRashiya, i-tunic, i-chop, isike ...". Kodwa-ke, isenzo esichazwe ngu-Alexander Sergeyevich sasiyikhulu leminyaka nesigamu emva kwezehlakalo ezivezwe eTaras Bulba.

Kungenzeka yini ukuthi i-classic enobukhulu obukhulu nokhazimulayo beCossack engenhla ayengazi? Ukufaka esikhundleni sakhe kwesichazamazwi kunalokho kufana nomsebenzi womlobi womshicileli.

U-Gogol ushintshe isitayela somlobi

Iyini uhlobo lomsebenzi owakhiwe nguNicokolai Vasilyevich indaba yobuqhawe "iTaras Bulba"? Ukwakhiwa komlobi kuthatha ushintsho oluyisisekelo kwisitayela sakhe sokudala. I-criteria evamile yokudala ubuciko "Gcol" + ubuhle "buhle kakhulu kunobunye bokuthi" ubuqhawe nenkululeko ". Edala, kodwa enamandla njenge-oak iTaras Bulba - isithombe esingokomfanekiso se-Sich Cossacks. Isigameko sokugcina salendaba siyisifiso - injabulo efayo yenkoloni, esabekayo izitha zakhe, okungafuni ukukhishwa ngamalangabi angenabubele.

Le knight yesizwe idelela kakhulu abahlukumezi, engafuni ukushiya ngisho nephayiphi yabo yokubhema (isidlo). Kuyinto ephawulekayo ukuthi esandleni sakhe indodana kaAndrii, i-Cossack, ethandwa yi-mercantile interest, ilahleka. I-Symbolical kanye nesithombe somunye indodana, u-Ostap, - ukubonakaliswa kwamandla amasha, esikhundleni samakholomu ezindala zeCossack.

Uhlobo lwe-Taras Bulba

UTaras Bulba akayena u-Ermak onqobayo, okhishwa amazwe angaphandle futhi eguqa phambi kuka-Ivan the Terrible. Kunalokho, kufana no-Alexander Nevsky, isikhulu sabathembekile (ithuluzi lokuqala nokubili okufanayo). I-Taras isebenza njengomgcini wamazwe asendabuko, eqinisekisa isimiso esifanayo, esho ukuthi isivakashi esingakavunywanga esiye sashaya inkemba esivela enkembeni yomvikeli sizobhubha. Umehluko wukuthi umlawuli wezempi ohlakaniphile u-Nevsky uyinkosi yama-feudal ngokwakhe, futhi, njengenkosikazi, ulawula izikhonzi zakhe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-Bulba ihlala ngamandla amakhulu kakhulu - ubuzalwane ezandleni.

Okubaluleke kakhulu ubuntu bukaTaras Bulba inkululeko ngendlela ehlanzekile, ukuphika ngokuqinile ukucaciswa kwamandla angaphandle ngaphandle kwesisekelo (ngokusho kwendaba - ijoka lenkosi yasePoland). Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuzo zonke i-Taras - i-hero ayiyona into ephikisana ne-Polish (okuyinto ivame kakhulu ngokweqile unyaka ngamunye yonke imisebenzi endabeni ethi "iTaras Bulba"), ne-prokazsky, ngoba ifana ne-Anteus yamaGreki yasendulo, engekho ngaphansi kwengcindezi yangaphandle futhi ingaxhunyiwe Izwe.

Umbono weTaras uncishisiwe hhayi ekusetshenzisweni (emva kokukhonza inkosi), kodwa ekubandakanyekeni okusebenzayo ekwakheni ukulinganisa kunoma yimuphi umphikisi wangaphandle ozama ukuphoqa ukubusa kwakhe. Ungumdali kanye nengxenye yebutho lempi elizilawulayo nelingenele.

IsAmbulo. Ipeni likaGogol lalihola izwi legazi

Ake sivule ikhethini. U-Nikolai Vasilievich Gogol empeleni wabhala inoveli ye-knightly, edlala ngendlela yobuciko umfanekiso wesokhokho wakhe. Imibuzo yegazi labo, isizukulwane sabo sihlale singumlando womuntu ngamunye.

Umndeni kaGogol ube nomthombo othakazelisayo - ovela kuCossack kolonel Ostap Gogol, owayengumuntu onjalo, kodwa ongeyena othanda uBoddan Khmelnitsky, owayengumqeqeshi uCosack owakhulela eColonel Vinnitsa Kuren, wabe eseya e-Hetman ye-Right-Bank Ukraine. Abafundi abathandekayo, ingabe uyabaza ukuthi isihlobo asikwazi ukubhala ngesihlobo? Zibeke endaweni kaGogol: uma une ukhokho onjalo futhi uma ungumuntu odala, ngabe awuzange wakhe umsebenzi ngaye?

Yayiyini le-Bank Bank Right esikhathini se XVII phakathi nokubusa kuka Ostap Gogol? Ukuze uphendule, ake sibheke emlandweni wezwe:

Njengoba sibona, akuzange kube ngengozi ukuthi i-classic isebenzisa igama elithi Ostap emsebenzini.

UGogol, njengothando lokugcina lukaZaporizhzhya Sich

Ake sibuyele ohlelweni lwesikole. Ake sizibuze umbuzo, kungani kufanele siqale isingeniso endabeni ethi "Taras Bulba", uma sibhala ngokuningiliziwe? Impendulo ilula uma ichaza isimo sengqondo sangempela, esiyingqayizivele seCossack seZaporozhye Sich. Mhlawumbe akuyona into engavamile kumuntu oye wasebenzisa uGogol-lyric umlobi wezindaba-Gogol, kodwa uGogol wazizwa ewungumuntu wokugcina - i-Zaporozhye Cossack.

Umsebenzi endabeni ethi "iTaras Bulba" kufanele ihambe esitokisini esikoleni futhi izwakale hhayi njengengoma yesibindi (iyesibili kulokhu.) Ngempela, isibindi saboniswa ngu-serviceman Ermak.

Ekugcineni, sifinyelela kumqondo oyinhloko. Umsebenzi kaGogol - ingoma yenkululeko yemvelo emhlabeni. Lokhu akusikho inkululeko inkosi yenkosi eyayikuthunjwa ngayo (inkululeko yendaba, inkululeko yombuso) njengomvuzo. Isibonelo saseRussia siphakamisa ukufaniswa okuyingqopha kwemlando.

Inkululeko emfanekisweni weZaporozhye Sich inkululeko, efana nalokhu okungaba yisakhiwo sezwe seMuscovy esedlule, uma abantu abahlomile beVeliky Novgorod benqoba ibutho lika-Ivan the Terrible.

UGogol uhlele ukuqhubeka phambili - ukujulisa umqondo we "Taras Bulba", ukubhala ngemiqulu eyisithupha (ivolumu yomsebenzi wesikhathi esizayo wakhululwa kubo) indaba yeZaporizhzhya Cossack izikhulu. Yini eyavimbela lezi zinhlelo - umlando uthule. Sizocaphuna kuphela isaphulelo esivela esihlokweni se-classic - "ubufakazi bezinhloso zakhe":

Isiphetho

Ebuwula futhi ehlekisayo, kubonakala sengathi igama elithi Bulba. Izincwadi eziyisithupha, isibonakaliso esisodwa esithambile. Ukuphindaphinda kabili incwadi ekhonjisiwe. Incwadi "l" kusibongo. Akuhlehlisi kancane kunegama elithi Gogol, elinokulungiselelwa okufanayo.

"Efihlekile" endabeni ngumfanekiso ka-Ostap Gogol, umholi we-Ukraine Right-Bank, i-Sich Cossack ngegazi, olahlekelwe indodana yakhe empini, ekulungele noma yini ukugcina inkululeko yeCossack (ngokusayina isivumelwano soxolo neKorsun neSweden).

Akungabazeki ukuthi akuwona umsebenzi "wesikole" indaba kaGogol "Taras Bulba". Ukubhalwa kwayo kufanele kubhalelwe hhayi kwentsha, kodwa kubasolwa abadala kanye nabalando-mlando.