Monocots: umsuka kanye nezici ikilasi

Monocots kule mbulunga enguMhlaba uvele cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo njengoba bipartite; kusukela kuleso sikhathi udlulile ngaphezulu kwezigidi eziyikhulu iminyaka. Kodwa phezu ngendlela lapho kwenzeka, zezitshalo kungekho ukuvumelana. Abasekeli phikisana omunye isikhundla ukuthi monocots baka elula kakhulu bipartite. Batfutfukisa ezindaweni zokulahla: e amachibi, ogwini emachibini noma emifuleni. Futhi abavikeli umbono wesibili bakholelwa ukuthi monocots angasuselwa amalungu bakudala kakhulu liklasi labo efanayo. Okungukuthi, kuvela ukuthi ifomu, ngaphambi imibala yesimanje kungaba herbaceous.

Palms, utshani kanye sedge - la imikhaya emithathu engunyaza futhi isakazwe ekupheleni kwesikhathi Cretaceous. Kodwa bromeliad nama-orchid, mhlawumbe, omncane kunathi sonke.

Monocotyledons basonta isigaba angiosperms, esingesesibili ngobukhulu. Bona akhawunti cishe 60 000 zinhlobo, izizukulwane - 2800, kanye nemindeni - 60. Of lonke inani zezimbali monocots iyona ingxenye yesine. Ngesikhathi umngcele 20-21 eminyaka zezitshalo ziye zanda lesi sigaba ngenxa nokwehlukaniswa imikhaya eminingana ngaphambilini. Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, basakaza lily. Umndeni eziningi kakhulu-orchid wabonakala, kulandele utshani, sedge, entendeni. Futhi isibalo esincane kunazo zonke zilwane Araceae - 2500.

Ezivamile, kusetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke uhlelo ngezigaba nezitshalo eziqhakazayo monocotyledonous ithuthukiswe 1981 by isazi sezitshalo kusuka eU.S. - Artur Kronkvist. Wagxumeka zonke monocots subclasses ezinhlanu: kommelinidy, aretsidy, zingiberidy, alismatidy futhi liliidy. Futhi ngamunye wabo lisalokhu lakhiwe oda eziningana ezihlanganisa, futhi leyo mali kuyahlukahluka.

Monocots kukhona Monocotyledones. A uhlelo ngezigaba lakhiwa APG futhi enikeza igama leqembu ngesiNgisi kuphela, it ihambelana isigaba Monocots.

Kwethulwa ngokuyinhloko monocots amakhambi ngezinga elincane - izihlahla, izihlahla kanye nemivini. Phakathi kwabo kukhona abaningi abakhetha marshland, amachibi zizalela ama. Abameleli lo mkhaya abakhona kuwo wonke amazwekazi omhlaba.

Russian igama monocots wathola ngenani cotyledons. Nakuba le ndlela yokunquma is neither okunokwethenjelwa ngokwanele futhi kalula.

Ngokokuqala ngqá ukuhlukanisa phakathi monocots futhi dicots ezihlongozwayo ngekhulu le-18 sezinto eziphilayo IsiZulu John. Ray. Yasho izici ezilandelayo ekilasini lokuqala:

- Okushukunyiswa: akuvamile branched; ivaliwe izinyanda yabo semithambo; izinyanda semithambo abekwa ngokungalandelani Imi.

- Ihamba: ikakhulukazi amplexicaul, ngaphandle stipules; umumo ngokuvamile eliwumngcingo; arcuate noma venation ngokulinganisa.

- Umsuka uhlelo: fibrous; izimpande adventitious ngokushesha okukhulu esikhundleni impande sombungu.

- Cambium: cha, kule ndaba, yini uqweqwe stem.

- Amagciwane Engeke Esaba: monocotyledonous.

- Izimbali: perianth siqukethe ezimbili, esiphezulu - izithakazelo ezintathu eside; inani elifanayo stamens; ezintathu carpel.

Nokho, ngamunye, ngamunye kwalezi zimfanelo ayikwazi ngokucacile ukuhlukanisa phakathi bipartite futhi monocotyledons. Kuphela basuke kubhekwe ekuhlanganisweni, enze kube nokwenzeka ukuba ngokunembile usethe isigaba.