Isifinyezo se "Tartuffe". Ukuzindla ngobuhlakani bukaMoliere

UJean-Baptiste Moliere wayengumdlali nomqondisi wezemidlalo. Kodwa yena waziwa kakhulu njengomculi. Ukulamba kabusha kwaphoqa uMnu Poquelin (igama lomndeni) ukuthatha ipeni. Umlobi oneminyaka engamashumi amane nambili ubudala, osevele eseba yinkantolo yasebukhosini eyaziwa futhi eyaziwayo, wazama ukwethula isethulo sezobuchwepheshe i-pamphlet yezenhlalo ekhuluma nge-hypocrisy of the sophistries yabafundisi baseFrance.

Isakhiwo sikaMoliere sihlambalaza

Umzamo wokudlala umsebenzi enkundleni yemidlalo wawuyimpumelelo eminyakeni emihlanu kamuva. Lesi sihloko sisifingqo sayo. "I-Tartuffe" inesiqephu se-prosaic: ukuxazulula izimo ezivimbela umshado kaMarianne, indodakazi yomnikazi wendlu (Orgon), noValera wakhe othandekayo. (UMfoweth 'uMarianna Damis naye uthanda udadewabo kaValera). Inhloso yonke "isontekile" ezungeze umlingisi oyinhloko - iTartuffe, ohlala endlini. Ngaphandle kungumuntu osemncane, ofundisiwe, othanda ukuthandaza, ohlangene nezenzo eziphakeme. Eqinisweni, ukuba nesiphambeko esidlule, i-Tartuffe inezinhlobonhlobo "zobuhle": ukuguqulwa okungapheli, ikhono elingavamile lokukhipha uchungechunge oluqhubekayo lokukhwabanisa. Kodwa ukugqamile kwesithombe somthubi kuyinto yokulingisa ngobuchwepheshe - ukulingisa ukushunyayelwa komfundisi. UMoère wabeka ababukeli ngalokhu "cocktail cocktail". Umqondo ophelele we-comedy unganikezwa kuphela ngokukhiqizwa kwawo, ngoba isibuko esingalungile sokuthi umFulentshi omkhulu uyisifiso esincane. "I-Tartuffe" UMoere uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-350 ehoxisa izinkathi zezinkathi zemidlalo.

Isiqhwaga sikwazi ukuzungeza i-Orgon kangangokuthi inquma ukukhansela umshado noValera bese ishada nendodakazi yakhe iTartuffe. Kodwa inhloso yomgxeki ukuthatha yonke indlu kanye nefa. Futhi unethonya kuMnuz Pernel, unina womninindlu.

U-Moliere ubonisa umkhohlisi, ngokuzithandela angayisebenzisi umlenze okhohlisayo wamanga. Uqinisekile kakhulu emthonjeni othembekile wezingcweti zokuziphatha kwakhe ezingcwele, okuvamise ukuziphatha "ngendlela elula."

Abalingiswa be-comedy

Isishwankathelo se "Tartuffe" asitsheli nje ngamacoundrels nama-dupes. U-Oregon Wowesifazane, u-Elmira Dorin - owesifazane oyintandokazi kakhulu, ohlukaniswa nokuzithoba nokuzithiba. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, udlala ngothando futhi ezwe. I-Tartuffe imdonsa ngaphandle ngokukhululekile, ngesikhathi esikahle sokunikeza umama omuhle ekhaya ukuze enze uthando kuye. Uyenqaba, usongela ukukhipha umzenzisi, bese ezama ukuphazamisa umthukumezi ngokumnikeza ukuthula ngokushintshana kwakhe ukwenqaba ukushada noMarianna.

Inhloso yomama ibhubhisa indodana encane neyashisayo iDamis, ukuzwa nokudlulisela okuqukethwe kwayo kuyise - Oregon. I-Naive! I-Tartuffe ayidingi ukukholisa inkosi yendlu, i-simple, in the sublimity of his feelings and actions. Yena, ekhohliswa, udedele indodana yakhe ngentukuthelo, ethembisa yonke impahla eyimbuyisele kumkhwabanisi.

Izithombe zeselula nazo zengeze izethulo zabo kusishwankathelo seTartuffe. Ukwehluleka okukhulu ukukhwabanisa kumuntu ohlukaniswa nenceku uDorin. UMoere wakhe ubonisa enye yezinkulumo ezimnandi kakhulu. U-Cleant, umfowabo ka-Elmira, ngokwecebo likaMoliere, ubonisa ukuthi uyaphikisana noTrtuffe we-fraudster. Uqala ukufundisa uTartuffe ukwenqaba ukushada noMarianna, bese eqinisekisa uDamis ukuthi angamshayi umthukumezi, ngoba kungcono ukulandela ingqondo.

Kodwa-ke, naphezu kokuphikisana nokuphikisana okuhambisana nalokhu, umqondo kaTartuffe uhamba "njengokungathi kumanothi." Kungumshado. Ngisho noma kukhona okuthukuthele - i-Oregon ephonswe ngokukopisha ikopishe konke impahla yakhe kuye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, unezandla zakhe ezithinteka izinto eziphathekayo - ezinikezwe yena ngokuzithandela ngumnikazi osondelene wendlu, esifubeni se-secret with letters ticklish for him. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uthweswa isikhwama yi-officer of justice Loyal (lapha ukucasula kukaMoliere kucacile: "oqotho" uhunyushwa kusukela eFulentshi ngokuthi "ubulungisa").

Ukuqedwa

Isifinyeto se "Tartuffe" sisondela ekugcineni kwayo. Ezimweni, bonke-ebhange kumele baye ku-Elmira. Uqinisekisa umfazi okhohlisayo ukuba afihle phansi kwetafula ngenkathi engxoxisana noTartuffe. Uqinisekile ngobungcwele nokuhlonipha kwalezi zinsuku, kodwa uyavumelana nomkakhe. U-Elmira wazenza sengathi uyamthanda ngothando, kodwa ukushayisana njengesibambiso sokunqaba umshado nendodakazi yakhe ufuna ukuzondana nomama wakhe. Lokhu kuvula amehlo e-Oregon, futhi uqhuba umkhohlisi ngaphandle kwendlu.

Kodwa ngokwemibhalo, indlu isivele ikhona iTartuffe. KuMnu. Oregon ungumsizi wesikhonzi senkantolo othembekile nge-oda eliqukethe ukufunwa - ukukhulula indawo kuze kube kusasa. Kodwa-ke, kwakubonakala sengathi i-scoundrel ukuthi lo mhlukumezane awunelutho, ufuna ukuchitha umninindlu, uthumela isikhombiso senkosi encwadini enezinhlamvu ezibonisa usizo kumzalwane ovukelayo. Inkosi yenza ngokuhlakanipha, okokuqala inquma ukuthi ungubani umuntu ohambise isijeziso. I-Tartuffe emangalisa, ihlaba isifiso kanye nenkosi yasebukhosini ukujabulela ukuboshwa kuka-Oregon, yazibopha.

Isiphetho

Ngakho ukuphela kwendabuko okujabulisayo, kanye nokukhazimuliswa kokuhlakanipha kweNkosi, kungumdlalo weMoliere "Tartuffe", owabizwa ngokuthi yi-classical Alexander Pushkin. NjengoShakespeare, amandla e talenta yomlobi ahlangene kulo muntu ngokuzinikela kanye nenkonzo kwiTheatre. Kodwa-ke, abacwaningi babekholelwa ukuthi ithalenta likaMoliere lakhula ngenxa yokuthi wayenesipho - ukubona kuwo wonke umuntu "into engavamile."