Ndaba Gray nomhlophe zobuchopho

Ubuchopho bomuntu yakhiwa ndaba elimhlophe kanye grey. Eyokuqala - konke ugcwele phakathi grey daba cortex kanye nuclei basal. On the ungqimba ebusweni has iyunifomu grey ndaba njengoba amangqamuzana ezinzwa e kabani ukujiya kuyinto nesigamu kuya kwangu ezine.

Ngatadisha ngokuningiliziwe, lokho grey nomhlophe ndaba ebuchosheni.

Kusukela ukuthi lezi izinto

CNS ketshezi kuyinto ezinhlobo ezimbili: ezimhlophe futhi grey.

izidakamizwa White sakhiwa sebuningini yezinzwa futhi izinzwa cell izinqubo, okuyinto invilophu uba nombala omhlophe.

I grey ndaba siqukethe ezinzwa nge izinqubo. Yezinzwa ukuxhuma ezingxenyeni ezahlukene sezinzwa uhlelo futhi izinzwa izikhungo.

ndaba Gray and white of emgogodleni

impahla Inhomogeneous somzimba grey nomhlophe. Izithombe lokuqala lenqwaba izinzwa, okuyizinto kanzulu-nucleus futhi of ezintathu izinhlobo:

• amaseli radicular;
• Beam izinzwa;
• amaseli yangaphakathi.

ndaba White ozungezayo emgogodleni grey ndaba. Siqukethe emsipheni izinqubo, uqamba fibre izinhlelo ezintathu:

• izinzwa ejotshelelwayo futhi afferent ukuthi ukuxhuma ezingxenyeni ezahlukene emgogodleni;
• afferent sezinzwa kuyinto centripetal eside;
• motor afferent noma centrifugal eside.

medulla oblongata

siyazi inkambo anatomy, ukuthi umgogodla kuba side. Ingxenye yobuchopho phezulu mkhulu kunokhalo phansi. Ubude obuphakathi nendawo kuba 25 kwangu, futhi lesi sijame njengebhoksi Isigaxa ufushanisiwe.

Kutfutfukisa-gravity kanye nokuphenyisisa sokuzwa izitho exhunywe ne ukuphefumula kwegazi. Ngakho-ke, grey ndaba core zilawulwa ibhalansi, umzimba, kwegazi, emishinini yokuphefumula, ukunyakaza ukubambisana.

obungemuva

Lokhu ubuchopho yakhiwa kwebhuloho kanye cerebellum. Cabanga grey nomhlophe ndaba kuzo. Ibhuloho kuyinto roller esikhulu esimhlophe kuthabathela ecaleni ezingemuva isizinda. Ngakolunye uhlangothi ichazwe walo ne imilenze ubuchopho, futhi ngakolunye - a eside. Uma senza cross-section, le ndaba elimhlophe kanye nuclei grey lapha izobonwa kahle. Imicu yotshani transverse uhlukanise ekuvaleni izindawo ventral kanye amaphiko. Esikhathini ventral ndaba ezimhlophe ikakhulukazi emigudwini samanje futhi grey lapha yakha enkabeni yalo.

I amaphiko part nuclei: le usuke, ukwakheka reticular, izinhlelo sezinzwa nezinzwa cranial.

I cerebellum itholakala ngaphansi iyizingxenye occipital. Kuhlanganisa Nenkabazwe futhi ingxenye maphakathi ngokuthi "eyisibungu!". I grey endabeni cortex kanye nuclei cerebellar okuyizinto shatro-, nodular, futhi probkovidnym igiya. ndaba White zobuchopho kule ngxenye itholakala ngaphansi emagxolweni cerebellum. It lingena bonke gyrus njengoba izinhlayiya zegazi ezimhlophe futhi siqukethe imicu ehlukene, okuyinto noma uxhumano nomsebenzisi tincetu futhi meanders noma ethunyelwe cores yangaphakathi noma ukuxhuma izigaba ingqondo.

ubuchopho obuphakathi

Kuqala kusukela maphakathi bubble palsy. Ngakolunye uhlangothi siyafana nalokho kobuso brainstem phakathi indlala pineal nobuchopho useyili engenhla futhi ngakolunye - phakathi mammillary emizimbeni ingxenye futhi ingxenye phambi kwebhuloho.

Lihlanganisa kunomsele palsy, ngakolunye uhlangothi ukuthi umngcele bunikezwa ophahleni, ngakolunye - isondo intambo imilenze. On the ingxenye ventral ukuhlukanisa ezingemuva izidakamizwa perforated kanye enkulu ubuchopho stem, kuyilapho amaphiko - cusps ophahleni ipuleti futhi isibambo yasenhla nemithombo yasenzansi.

Uma sicabangela kunomsele cerebral endabeni elimhlophe kanye grey zobuchopho, sibona ukuthi elimhlophe izungeza emaphakathi grey izidakamizwa akhiwa amangqamuzana emihle nokuba ukushuba 2 kuya 5 kwangu. Siqukethe block, kanye trigeminal emsipheni cranial, kanye ikhenela eyengeziwe kanye Lesisemkhatsini zokugcina.

diencephalon

Itholakala phakathi callosum Corpus futhi lwaleli futhi singatsheki tho ne ingqondo oyinhloko. Lesi sigaba amaphiko siqukethe thalamus, phezu okuyinto nadbugore, futhi itholakala ventral esifundeni nizhnebugornaya.

ndaba Gray yakhiwa we nuclei, okuyizinto ezihlobene ukuzwela izikhungo.
White ndaba izindlela ethulwa bacondze etindzaweni letehlukene, ukuqinisekisa uxhumano kumiswa cortex zobuchopho futhi nucleus. Diencephalon kuhlanganisa pituitary kanye indlala pineal.

endbrain

Emelelwa ama- ezimbili, ohlukanisa i-slot egijima kanye nabo. It ixhuma ku-we callosum Corpus kanye spikes ukujula.

I ingaphakathi enikeziwe ventricles lateral, etholakala omunye futhi Nenkabazwe yesibili. Lezi ama- yakhiwa:

• elingenamikhono neocortex noma eziyisithupha-uqweqwe ezihlukahlukayo ezinzwa;
• striatum we ganglia basal - yasendulo, abadala nabasha,
• ngodonga.

Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kunesinye ngezigaba:

• ubuchopho olfactory;
• subcortex;
• ompunga endabeni cortex.

Ngaphandle ngokuthinta grey ndaba, uyeke ngokushesha kokumhlophe.

Mayelana izici ndaba elimhlophe ama-

Udaba ezimhlophe zobuchopho ithatha isikhala wonke phakathi nuclei grey futhi basal. Kukhona lenqwaba yezinzwa. Lezi zindawo ezilandelayo ziyatholakala kule ndaba emhlophe:

• izidakamizwa emaphakathi capsule yangaphakathi, Corpus callosum yemisipha eside;
• umqhele ekhazimulayo imicu etshiyeneyo;
• isikhungo semioval ezingxenyeni yangaphandle;
• ketshezi anemifantu phakathi convolutions.

Yezinzwa yilezi:

• commissural;
• associative;
• Projection.

Ingqikithi ezimhlophe kuhlanganisa yezinzwa, ezixhunywe nenye convolutions we- cortex cerebral nezinye izinto.

izinzwa

Ngokuyinhloko Imicu yotshani commissural ayingxenye callosum Corpus. Basuke ise commissures ubuchopho ukuxhuma amagxolo e ama- ezahlukene kanye amaphuzu izinhlangothi zazo ziyalingana.

Fibre associative izigaba babeqoqana kwi Nenkabazwe olulodwa. Kulesi iDemo ukuxhuma gyri eduze, futhi isikhathi eside - kukhona kude kakhulu komunye nomunye.

Ukotini Wekhethelo kwelivi elihlobene ne zokwakheka uqweqwe ukuthi zitholakala ephansi futhi eminye ukuze azungeze.

Uma yangaphakathi capsule umbono frontal kwesigaba kuzobonakala nucleus we-lenticular wangakwesokunxele unyawo indluzelekazi. Imicu yotshani Projection zihlukaniswe zibe:

• Imicu yotshani esukela thalamus ukuba cortex futhi kolunye uhlangothi, bona bajabule nebhalsamu namagxolo kukhona centrifugal;
• Imicu yotshani ziqondiswe ezinzwa motor nuclei;
• Imicu yotshani, ukuhlinzeka pulses ukuze imisipha wonke umzimba;
• fibre uqondiswa cortex kuya nuclei ibhuloho, olawula nokunikeza unyathela amabhuleki isinyathelo ukusebenza cerebellum.

Labo Imicu yotshani flat ukuthi kukhona esiseduzane amagxolo, ukudala umqhele akhishwa imisebe yalo. Khona-ke ingxenye enkulu yencwadi kubo engena capsule kwangaphakathi, lapho amhlophe okuqinile esiphakathi caudate kanye nuclei we-lenticular wangakwesokunxele futhi thalamus.

Uma uyikha phezulu le kukhona iphethini eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu lapho imisele enye emikhulu therebetween. Zibizwa ngokuthi gyri. imisele Deep uhlukanise Nenkabazwe izindawo ezinkulu, ababiziweyo iyizingxenye. Ngokuvamile sulcus zobuchopho ngabanye.Indawo ngokujulile, zingaba amathuluzi ehlukene kakhulu ukuthi abantu abahlukile.

Kuvela ama- babe iyizingxenye ezinhlanu:

• frontal;
• parietal;
• yesikhashana;
• occipital;
• kwesinye isiqhingana esigcwele.

Furrow uvela emaphakathi phezulu Nenkabazwe futhi wehlela nokudlulisa kuya Lobe engaphelele. ingxenye engemuva kwe-sulcus emaphakathi iyona iyizingxenye parietal, okuyinto uphela furrow parietooccipital.

Lobe Frontal sehlukaniswe meanders ezine, ikhangele phezulu enezingqimba.
Ebusweni lateral we Lobe yesikhashana imelelwa convolutions ezintathu zazo delimited komunye nomunye.

Sulcus we Lobe occipital ziyahlukahluka. Kodwa wonke umuntu ngokuvamile has a isiphambano, ehlangene ukuphela furrow interparietal.

It esisogwini parietal Lobe inkatho egijima parallel central evundla ihlangana ne nezinye inkatho. Kuye indawo yabo, lokhu kwabelana sehlukaniswe convolutions ezintathu.

Isiqhingi has simise esingunxantathu. It ihlanganiswa ne convolutions kunalokho iDemo.

ubuchopho lesion

Ngenxa impumelelo yesayensi yanamuhla sebekwazi afeze zobuchwepheshe ubuchopho zokuxilonga. Ngakho, uma kukhona lesion sokugembula endabeni emhlophe, kungatholakala ukuthi isheshe itholakale futhi akwabele ukwelashwa ngendlela esifike ngesikhathi.

Ezinye zezifo ezibangwa izilonda ketshezi, ukuyikhulula ayephuli polushaniyah, amaphilisi zokugula, Corpus callosum kanye syndromes uhlamvu okuxubile. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho ukulimala emlenzeni ezingemuva nengxenye eyodwa yomzimba womuntu ungakwazi thwebula. Le nkinga kungenzeka ngozwelo kahle noma ezibukwayo ensimini zamehlo. Ukungasebenzi phambili Corpus callosum ukuba okuthile engqondweni. Kulokhu, lo muntu eyeka ukuba aqaphele ezungezile izinto, imicimbi, njll, noma ayenzi izenzo okunenjongo. Uma kugxilwa amabili emaceleni, kungabonakala nasemkhakheni singagwinyi iziyaluyalu futhi inkulumo.

Kuyinto engenakwenzeka overestimate ukubaluleka kokubili ndaba grey nomhlophe ebuchosheni. Ngakho ngokushesha ukuthola ubukhona kwezifo, amathuba kangcono ukuthi ukwelashwa kuyoba ngempumelelo.