ULagerlef Selma nendaba yakhe emangalisayo. Biography futhi isebenza

Umlobi uLagerlief Selma, owakhulume ngezwe ngomlando omangalisayo ngomfana uNils kanye nezingane zasendle, wazama kuyo yonke imisebenzi yakhe ukuze afundise isintu ukuba sithande imvelo kusukela esemncane, sihloniphe ubungane futhi sihloniphe izwe lakithi. Ngeshwa, impilo yalesi wesifazane omuhle yayingeyona elula futhi ingafaki.

Igazi elimangalisayo

U-Selma Lagerlef wazalelwa ngo-1858 eSweden emndenini omkhulu, owawuwumndeni wasendulo ohloniphekile. Ubaba wentombazane uyisosha lomhlalaphansi, unina ungumfundisi. Ukubonakala komntwana kwaba umzuzu ojabulisayo ngokungajwayelekile empilweni yomndeni wonke.

Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi uSelma Lagerlef azalwa ngaso, kuphela i-manor endala kaMorbakk nezindlovu ezinhle ezasendulo ezihlala ezidlule ngobukhulu bezizwe. Intombazane yabo yayivame ukutshelwa nguyise, owayengafuni ukugeza. Futhi, naye, wayenesidingo esikhulu sothando, uthando, ukwesekwa nokunakekelwa njalo.

Ubuntwana obunzima

USelma ngaphezu kwamanye abantwana emndenini udinga ukunakekelwa. Phela, lapho intombazane eneminyaka emithathu ubudala, wayekhubazekile. Ngenhlanhla, wahlala ephila, kodwa wakhubazeka. Ngesikhathi abanye abantwana behamba emgwaqweni, intombazane yaphoqeleka ukuba ilale embhedeni. Ukuze ngandlela-thile axoshe imicabango ecasulayo, u-Selma waqaphela ngokuhlakanipha kwakhe izindaba ezihlukahlukene nezingokoqobo ezamuzwa kuyise nogogo. Ngakho wadlula iminyaka eyisithupha engavamile. Kodwa hhayi izikhathi ezibuhlungu kuphela eziqukethe i-biography yakhe. USelma Lagerlief nomndeni babengajabuli lapho odokotela baseStockholm bekwazi ukubeka intombazane.

Izinyathelo zokuqala ezweni elikhulu

Ukusebenzisa imizamo emangalisayo, umlobi wesikhathi esizayo wafunda ukuhamba okusha, encike emthonjeni, owaba umngane wakhe othembekile kuze kube phakade. Kodwa naphezu kwalokhu, kwase kuyintombazane ezwa ukuthi izwe elikhulu livula iminyango kuye.

Nokho, kwakunzima kakhulu ukusinda emphakathini omkhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthi yonke inhlangano idinga umzamo omkhulu womzimba, abantu abazungezile bezinye izikhathi babengafuni. Kodwa uSelma Lagerlief angabe esezinikezele ubunzima? I-biography emfushane yomlobi wesikhathi esizayo ifakazela ngokuphindaphindiwe ukubekezela, ukukhuthelela nokuqina. Ngenqwaba enkulu evela kontanga eminyakeni engamashumi amabili nantathu, uSelma ufika eStockholm Lyceum. Futhi ngemva konyaka, ukuba abhekise bonke labo ababembiza ngokuthi intombazane ekhulile futhi ekhubazekile, wabhaliswa kwi-Higher Royal Teacher's Seminary.

Sebenza esikoleni

Ngemuva kokufunda okuphumelelayo, uLagerloef uthola ngempumelelo umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala. Lesi simo somfundisi esikoleni samantombazane edolobheni elincane eningizimu yeSweden. Ngokungahambisani nokufundiswa, ngokushesha uthola ulimi oluvamile nabafundi bakhe. Izifundo aqhubayo zihlale zithakazelisa futhi zithakazelisa. Uthisha uLagerlief Selma akaphoqeleli izingane ukuba zifunde izinto ezijwayelekile, kodwa ziphendulela izifundo zibe yizici zokujabulisa. Ezifundweni ezinjalo, izibalo azizange zibe mnandi kakhulu, izinhlamvu zomlando zifana namaqhawe omlando wezinganekwane, namagama wendawo awakhunjulwa kalula njengezindawo ezingavamile emabalazweni omhlaba wemilingo.

Iqiniso elibi

Nokho, empilweni yangempela yothisha wesifundazwe olula, akuwona konke okuhle kakhulu. Ngemuva kokufa komuntu osondelene naye - ubaba - uSelma uzama ukugcina ukuthula kwakhe. Kodwa inkinga ayifuni yodwa. Ngemva kokufa kukayise, umndeni wakwaMorbakka, owawumndeni kusukela ekhulwini le-16, wawunayithengiswa ngenxa yezikweleti ezinkulu. Kwabe sekukhona intshiseko kuzo zonke izindleko zokugcina inganekwane endala yomndeni. Ngakho-ke wanquma ukuthi wayezimisele futhi wayejwayele ubunzima bukaSelma Lagerlef. I-biography emfushane yale ntombazane emangalisayo ihlale ikhuluma ngamandla akhe amakhulu okuthanda nokukwazi ukunqoba ubunzima.

Ukuqala kwe-Creative

Njalo kusihlwa, ngokufihla kuwo wonke umuntu, uthisha osemncane uLagerléf ubhala inoveli yakhe yokuqala, i-The Saga ye-Yeste Berling. Iqhawe lomsebenzi ngumhambi lapho, ngemva kokuvakashela le ndoda yakudala, uyazijwayeza izakhamuzi zakhona kanye nezinkwanekwane zasendulo. Osebenza nabo abaningi uLagerloe babecabanga ukuthi ubuciko obunjalo abubalulekile ngezikhathi zokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwesayensi. Naphezu kokusho okungajabulisi, uthisha osemncane wanquma ukuthumela umbhalo wakhe kumncintiswano ephephandabeni eyaziwayo. Kwamangala kakhulu kwabanye, kwakunguLagerlief Selma owaba ngumqobi! Amalungu omkhandlu womncintiswano womncintiswano aqashelwa ngombono ongavamile wokudala womlobi. Yilokho iqiniso elikhuthaza intombazane futhi kusize ukukholwa ngamandla akhe.

Impumelelo yamabhuku

Eminyakeni eyishumi nane elandelayo, uLagerléf waba umbhali owaziwa kakhulu wezincwadi zomlando. Ukuphumelela kwemisebenzi yakhe kusiza umlobi ukuba athole isabelo sobukhosi. Nokho, konke ukunqoba kwentombazane kubonakala emphakathini njengenhlanhla, hhayi njengomphumela wokusebenza kanzima nethalenta elikhulu. Akulula kakhulu ukubhubhisa izinkolelo ezindala ukuthi abesifazane abakwazi ukuba abalobi abahle.

I amanoveli "Izimangaliso zomphik'ukristu" kanye "neJerusalema" ziyathandwa kakhulu eSweden. Futhi le misebenzi ihlanganiswa nenkolo ejulile, lapho uSelma Lagerlef akhuliswe khona kusukela ebuntwaneni. "Ubusuku obungcwele", "I-Bethlehem Baby", "Ikhandlela elivela eSepulcher Engcwele" nezinye izindaba ezihlanganisa ekuqoqweni kwe "Legends of Christ" ziwubufakazi obucacile balokhu.

Indaba ye-Niels

Naphezu kokuthi uLagerlef wabhala imisebenzi eminingi, wangeniswa emhlabeni ngendlovukazi "Uhambo olumangalisayo lweNiels ngezinyoni zasendle". Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ekutholeni kwakhiwa njengencwadi yokufunda yabantwana besikolo. Ngendlela ejabulisayo, izingane zazifanele zifunde i-geography nomlando weSweden, isiko kanye namasiko awo. Kodwa-ke, ukubukeka kwencwadi enjalo kusiza izingane ukuba zingathuthukisi ulwazi lwehlelo lwesikole, kodwa kanye nomlingisi oyinhloko ufunde ukuzwelana nabaswele futhi ujabule ngezikhathi ezinhle, uvikele ababuthakathaka futhi usize abampofu. Emagcekeni kwaba nemfashini ukudlala "gusenavtov" - lokhu kwakubizwa ngokuthi uNils. U-Selma Lagerlef ngesikhathi esifanayo wayezwa ukusekelwa okukhulu kwezingane, ezingenakusho ngabantu abadala. Abahlaziyi befuna ukushicilela izihloko ezibhubhisa ngokulahlwa okubukhali komlobi. Ukuze siphambanise bonke abafisa izifiso ezimbi, le ncwadi yakwamukelwa hhayi kuphela ezweni lakulo mlobi, kodwa emhlabeni wonke.

Umklomelo weNobel

Kodwa akusilo njalo umlobi abe namafu amnyama phezu kwekhanda lakhe. Futhi izikhathi ezinhle zagcwalisa biography yakhe. U-Selma Lagerlef ngo-1909 waba ngowokuqala owathola umklomelo omkhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni. "Ukuze kube nomqondo omuhle kanye nengcebo yokucabanga," lo mbhali wanikezwa umklomelo weNobel. Umdanso wegolide, idiploma nesheke wanikezwa yiNkosi yaseSweden, uGustav V. Futhi lokhu akuyona ingozi. Ngempela, ngalesi sikhathi uLagerlof wayesivele eshicilela izincwadi ezingaphezu kwezingamashumi amathathu futhi wayethandwa kakhulu ezweni lakhe. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi imisebenzi yakhe edumile kunazo zonke yayisengumlando ngomfana owayengabheka iSweden ekubukeni kwamehlo.

Ifa lemvelo

Ngemva kokuthola umklomelo weNobel, uLagerlef wakwazi ukuhlenga impahla yomndeni, lapho ahlala khona kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinsuku zakhe, ngoba ngenxa kaMorbakke ukuthi wayenecebo lokudala inganekwane ngeNiels. Imisebenzi emikhulu yokugcina kaSelma Lagerlief yabhalwa kusukela ngo-1925 kuya ku-1928. Lawa amanoveli amathathu mayelana namaLeuvencheldes - "The Signet of the Levenshedes", "Anna Sverd" no "Charlotte Levencheld." Batshela mayelana nokuhlukunyezwa kwempilo yomndeni owodwa ngezizukulwane eziningana. Izenzakalo ezincwadini zamanoveli zenzeka kusukela ngo-1730 kuya ku-1860.

Imisebenzi yenkolo yezingane isenempumelelo namuhla. Amanye awo ashicilelwe kabusha. Uhlelo lokuqala olusha lweThe Legend of Christ lanyatheliswa ngo-1904 eSweden. E-Russia, lokhu kwenzeka ngo-2001 ngenxa yomsebenzi wokushicilela indlu i-ROSMEN-PRESS. Le ncwadi ihlanganisa izindaba ngoKristu, uSelma Lagerlief azwakalise ku-ugogo wakhe ebuntwaneni: "Night Night" kanye "Umbono kaMbusi", "eNazaretha" nelithi "The Bethlehem Baby", "The Well of Sages" kanye ne "Flight to Egypt", futhi Ezinye izindaba.

Skeleton ekamelweni

U-Selma Lagerlief empilweni ejwayelekile wayengekho umuntu onokuthula. Ngakho-ke, kuncane okungaziwa ngokuphila kwakhe siqu. Yiqiniso, wachitha isikhathi esiningi egameni lomndeni, awakwazi ukulihlenga ngemuva kokuthola umklomelo odumile. Uma ubukeka, ungagweba ngokushesha uSelma Lagerlief njengendodakazi endala. Kodwa-ke, kule ndaba, kwakukhona izimfihlo ezithile, futhi kwakuneminyaka engamashumi amahlanu kuphela emva kokufa komlobi odumile ukuthi abonakalisiwe. Ngokungazelelwe, ngemva kwalesi sikhathi, kwafunyanwa izincwadi eziveza ezinye izici ezingavamile zokuphila kwakhe okusondelene. Ngemuva kwezindaba ezinjalo mayelana noLagerlief, umuntu wakhe ongaqondakali uphindela futhi.

Imisebenzi yomphakathi

Ngisho nalapho esekhulile futhi ehlushwa ukugula okungathí sina, uLagerlief Selma wayengeke akwazi ukuyeka izinkinga ezazingena eYurophu. Ngesikhathi sokulwa phakathi kweFinland neSoviet Union, wanikeza indondo yakhe yegolide eSweden National Fund yosizo eFinland.

Ngomnyaka we-thirties, umlandisi wendaba wakhuluma ngokuphindaphindiwe ekusindiseni abalobi kanye nezibalo ezihlukahlukene zamasiko ezivela ekushushisweni kwamaNazi. Isisekelo sosizo, ehlelwe yimizamo yakhe, sabasindisa abantu abanamakhono amaningi etilongweni nasekufeni. Lezi yizo izenzo zokugcina zomlobi.

Ngo-March 1940, uSelma Lagerlef washona. Kodwa ngisho nangemva kwamashumi eminyaka amaningi izigidi zamantombazane nabafana zisalokhu zibheke esibhakabhakeni ngokuphefumula. Mhlawumbe, lapho, ngaphansi kwamafu, egijimela ekuzijabuliseni, uMartin ungenazimpukane ezingenasibindi ezisekhaya, ephethe ngemuva kwakhe umngane wakhe omncane uNiels.