Ulwazi nomphakathi kanye zezenhlalakahle - kuyinto ... Ukucaciswa yolwazi kwezenhlalo futhi zezenhlalakahle

ulwazi nomphakathi kanye zezenhlalakahle - yifa izici umphakathi kudivayisi. Zama ukuqonda ngokucacile ngolwazi olunjalo.

Ezicashile ngesayensi yezenhlalo kanye humanities

Okwamanje, kunenkinga ezifana Ukwahlukaniswa kwamadamu ngesayensi yezenhlalo kanye humanities. Abanye abalobi ukuncoma sokuhlukaniswa iziqephu wabayisa humanities kanye nesayensi yezenhlalo. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi i-division ezinjalo akufaneleki. ukungavumelani okunjalo kwemibono kwase kuyisikhathi esihle kakhulu Institute of ulwazi nomphakathi futhi zezenhlalakahle.

Faka Social Sciences

Bayisibonelo ukutadishwa umphakathi nawo onke amasimu akhona: zomthetho, ezombusazwe, ezomnotho. Ukuze simazi nge izici we humanities, abacwaningi olwenziwa survey, sihlaziye ushintsho ukubunjwa abaphathi. Phakathi social sciences ukuhlukanisa nomthetho, isayensi yezombangazwe, umlando, ifilosofi, ezomnotho.

humanities

Uma sibheka ukwakheka kwazo zabo kukhona wezifundo zezenkolo, izifundo zamasiko, Psychology, pedagogy. Esikhathini humanities kanye nesayensi yezenhlalo kufana eziningi, ngakho kulo mkhuba isifunda ekhethekile yolwazi.

ubufakazi

Njalo lwati lwemasiko-zezenhlalakahle - kuyinto endaweni ehlukile ulwazi lwesayensi, inezimpawu ezithile kumele kube khona. Phakathi izici ngesayensi yezenhlalo kanye humanities ziqokomisa ukubaluleka ikhumbula mkhuba inkululeko. Uma ngesayensi yemvelo (i-chemistry, i-biology, i-physics) igxile cwaningo kwezinqubo ezingokwemvelo ezihlobene zasendle, lo lwati lwemasiko-zezenhlalakahle - ngokuyinhloko isifundo yizenzo zabantu e lobuciko, zomthetho, umsebenti wetemnotfo. umsebenzi womuntu ayenzeki, kwenziwa. Uma izinqubo zemvelo akukho inkululeko, ukuthi yizenzo zomuntu ezimele ngokuphelele. Yingakho-social sciences kanye humanities - ubuncane Ngokuqinisekile, esicabanga ukuthi kungaqhamuka esiphezulu.

Izici ngesayensi yezenhlalo kanye humanities

Imininingwane kule ndawo wukuthi kubalulekile ukutadisha ngokoqobo subjective. Uma into ukutadisha isayensi kukhona izinto ezibonakalayo, humanities bekwi ucwaningo amasistimu impahla, ngaleyo ndlela ukuhlaziywa ngokoqobo umgomo. Iphrofayela Socio-zezenhlalakahle lihlotshaniswa komuntu. Njengoba unguMbusi okungukuthi esivela kunoma iyiphi indaba ethile, ukuze afeze ucwaningo kule isiqondiso kunzima. Kubantu abaningi, i-abalazi nobe esifundvweni lesitsite ayitholakali. Abakwazi kuphela ukubona ukubonakaliswa zangaphandle ifomu ngenkulumo nangezenzo, okuyinto kulawulwa ukwazi. Kuyinto ngaye ezizungezile ukuhlola interlocutor. Kodwa inkinga itholakala lokuthi ukuthi ngaphansi ukufaneleka angaphandle ufihle kahle isigebengu sangempela, noma umuntu engozini kakhulu.

izinkinga

Institute of Social and Ulwazi Humanitarian ebhekene nenkinga enjalo, njengoba ngiqaphele ephelele. It has izakhiwo ezithile ngokomzimba futhi zemvelo namakhemikhali, njengomoya namachibi, icala Valence ka-nucleus. Sici Its wukuthi kuba ethereal, ehlukaniswe nemizimba. Empeleni, izinto elisitshela zona njengoba injalo enhle, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yenethiwekhi okuqondile - ubuchopho. Ngenxa yalezi zizathu, akunakwenzeka ukulungisa ukwazi izindlela umgomo. sinemizwa singenakulinganiswa ubuso bombusi, ukucacisa dynamometer. A ezihlukahlukene zokwelapha kanye amadivayisi abonakalayo enze kube nokwenzeka ukuba liyobamba kuphela izinqubo bokuphila zobuchopho, okuyizinto abathwali ukwazi. Ngokwesibonelo, kungenzeka ukusetha ukuvama excitation ka ezinzwa, isakhiwo sabo ngekwendzawo. I abalazi amadoda anikezwa njengoba yangaphakathi, nakho subjective. Ngeke sithole amadivayisi kungenziwa kuphela wazizwa. Ngisho naphezu kobunzima ezikhona ekutadisheni engokomoyeni lomuntu, abakwazi kubhekwe zingangentaba. Iphrofayela Socio-zezenhlalakahle kuhilela ukulitadisha enemininingwane yokukhuluma imisebenzi yabantu, ulwazi mayelana nesakhiwo, ukwakheka, imisebenzi komuntu.

izindlela

Isakhiwo ulwazi nomphakathi futhi zezenhlalakahle akunakwenzeka ngaphandle izindlela ezinkulu: uzwela introspection. Introspection lihunyushwa lisuselwa Latin kusho self-kuhlola, cwaningo kwempilo engokomoya siqu, ukuhlolisiswa okuhlangenwe nakho kwabo. It ikuvumela ukuba uthole umbono wokuthi ingqondo yakhe siqu. Ngaphandle ukuba khona le ndlela, umuntu ngeke akwazi silitadishe, ukuphatha kwalo.

Uzwela (eyahunyushwa isuselwa olimini lwesiNgisi livela kwelesiLatini kuzwakala uzwela) kuyinto Ukungena oyedwa ezweni engaphakathi nezinye, bezibona imicabango yabanye abantu futhi imizwa nezimfanelo siqu. Institute for Social futhi humanities ukugxila ocwaningweni okhokhela ukuhlonza imizwa efanayo phakathi kwamaqembu nomqondo ofanayo, okuyinto ndawonye abhekana nezingozi kanye nobunzima. Le ndlela isekelwe uzwela, ukuthi uyilungiselelo yangaphakathi (uzwela) kunoma yimuphi umuntu.

uzwela

Kungaba kubhekwe icala ngokomzwelo equlekile ukuhlolwa omuhle yezenzo womuntu, esekelwe nakho yokuxhumana. Nge sinezimfanelo commonality phakathi kwabantu ezahlukene. Imininingwane lwati lwemasiko-zezenhlalakahle itholakala lokuthi ukuthi kuphela kuhilela ukusetshenziswa uzwela introspection. Esifundweni kwezinqubo ezingokwemvelo izindlela ezinjalo azisebenzi.

Ohlukile izinto ngaphansi cwaningo

System zenhlalo-zezenhlalakahle ulwazi has ngezinga eliphezulu ubunjalo izinto. They possess isethi eyingqayizivele izakhiwo ezithile, okusenza izinkinga ukwakha uhlelo esinobunye ucwaningo emkhakheni zezenhlalakahle. Uma physics ebhekene imigomo embalwa nje, isazi sezinto eziphilayo ne izihlahla ezimbili zikaphayini, uthisha noma ummeli kufanele asebenze nabantu ezimbili ezihlukene ngokuphelele. Ukuqhathanisa ukusabela chemical ngekukhula birch kanye nokuhlelwa kabusha kwezomnotho, siphawula ukuthi kuyothatha izindlela ezihlukahlukene yokutadisha yabo enemininingwane. Ukuze izindawo lobuchwepheshe kanye yemvelo isicelo yokusondela ngabanye ngempela, ngoba izinto okuxoxwe ngazo kulesi wesayensi, uhlobo olufanayo. Umehluko ikakhulu asihlobene, ngakho kungashaywa indiva. Futhi lapha uthisha, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo, ummeli akunakwenzeka ukuba akushaye indiva ngamanye. Ukwahlukanisa ngesayensi yezenhlalo kanye humanities uyazishintshashintsha, njengoba kukhona izinhlobonhlobo eziningi kuwo wonke isayensi.

Incazelo lezinto kwezenhlalo futhi zezenhlalakahle

Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele ufake i-zokubonisa e emthethweni othile oqondile indawo ethile. Uma kungenjalo, ngeke bakwazi ukuchaza ngokugcwele into, umbambe senzo. Ukukhomba izici zenhlalo-ngokwengqondo iqembu umuntu noma zenhlalo siyasetshenziswa njengamanje esigabeni sengqondo. Ukutadisha okunjalo nzima kakhulu kunokuba isifundo kamoya lomuntu ngamunye. Ukwambula sengqondo ukuchaza eyingqayizivele iyunithi, okungukuthi, ukukhetha izici zenhlalo-ngokwengqondo.

cwaningo algorithm

Institute for Social futhi humanities (Kazan, Russia) isikhathi eside ubulokhu ngekulandzelana kwetintfo letenteka okuhloswe ngazo ekutadisheni izici eziyingqayizivele eziphilayo ndaba. Ngenxa yalokho, izigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko sezihlonziwe:

• ekukhombeni izici izinhlangano ezehlukene, kanye degree yayo;
• ukuqhathanisa lwaletinye tifundvo, ukunqunywa ngesisekelo izici ezithile, ekuboneni ngoba sengqondo ngamunye.

Uma kungenjalo kwenziwe ukuqhathanisa okunjalo, sizoxoxa ekutadisheni ubuntu, ukwazi, kodwa hhayi sengqondo. Zokusebenza kwengqondo nezokuhlalisana kwabantu ukuqonda ukubaluleka ikhumbula imithetho ukusebenza izinto. Esikhathini sphere kwezenhlalo futhi zezenhlalakahle imithetho static isicelo. Banezinhliziyo causality probabilistic, isizukulwane imbangela ezahlukene isinyathelo. Yingakho zonke izibikezelo ku-social sciences kanye humanities ayalinganiselwa, futhi art kanye nemvelo - ecacile futhi enembile.

Phakathi izici kubhekwa isiqondiso ukusetshenziswa khetha futhi kulinganiselwe lokuhlolwa kwabo okunzima. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho sitadisha umlando ezweni ukukhuluma mayelana ukuhlola okungalungile, ngoba izenzakalo sezenzekile. Awukwazi ukusebenzisa ucwaningo kwabantu sokuba ukuhlaziywa kwamaZwe. Okungalungile futhi isilingo ekutadisheni ukufuduka. Ngokucacile ayilungile hambisa abantu, ukushintsha izimo zokuphila, inkokhelo, isakhiwo nemindeni yabo, ukuze uthole ezinye uhlobo yi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona imikhawulo sokuziphatha ucwaningo e-social sciences kanye humanities. ucwaningo Banned, engalimaza nempilo yabantu, babukise kwesithunzi sobuntu, ukululaza igunya. Ngenxa isipiliyoni elilinganiselwe ngesisekelo enokwehla kule ndawo buzoba buncane kunokwethenjelwa ukudlula e eyala lobuchwepheshe. umumo Social isebenzisa othile zindlela yesayensi:

• rationality;
• conclusiveness;
• zokuhlola kanye nama-practical verifiability;
• ikhono ukudlala impahla enokwehla;
• essentiality.

isizinda Ubufakazi umjikelezo kwezenhlalo futhi zezenhlalakahle nzima kakhulu futhi kakhulu kunangonyaka sciences ngqo. Isizathu ukuthi anenombolo enganele izikhundla theory kanye nama-amaqiniso ayisisekelo. Ngokuvamile, esikhundleni imithetho, odokotela bengqondo nabafundisi kukhona intuitively ukuhlola izinto ezithile.

isiphetho

Esikhathini sphere zezenhlalakahle verifiability enokwehla kusho ukusetshenziswa ngekucaphelisisa, izingxoxo, imibuzo, ukuhlola. Ukudlala amaqiniso kungenzeka kuphela uma kukhona ngemiphumela yocwaningo kwezibalo ngezihloko echaziwe. Uma uqhuba ukuhlolwa ehluleka, kubhekwa esikhundleni ubufakazi imithombo eminingana. Ngokwesibonelo, e wokuqulwa kwamacala ezinkantolo, pedagogy esetshenziswa ubufakazi abahlanganyeli lomcimbi. Zonke izinto wemikhakha kwezenhlalo futhi zezenhlalakahle ziyinkimbinkimbi multi-level phezulu ukwakhiwa izinhlelo. Ukuze ukuhlola ngokugcwele uhlelo, kuthatha isikhathi eningi isikhathi.

sefilosofi German Wilhelm Dilthey wathi ukuthi umbandela esiyinhloko umehluko ezihlukahlukene wesayensi indlela esetshenziswayo. Kwakuwusuku usosayensi German wasikisela ukuba bahlukanise zonke sciences kulabo umoya uhlola, futhi labo aphenya imithetho yemvelo. Akukhona nje kuphela kuhlatiya endoda ngokwayo, kodwa futhi ujwayele imibhalo, codex kabanzi umjikelezo zenhlalo-zezenhlalakahle. Ukuqonda nokuhumusha ulwazi oluthile ukusiza odokotela bengqondo, othisha, abameli, ukuze ubhekane ngokuphumelelayo nalesi imisebenzi bababele kwasekuqaleni ukutadisha izici ngamunye ngamunye.