Inertial inkomba uhlelo

Nge idatha kokuqala nganoma yisiphi umzimba ezihambayo ungakwazi ukubala inani ukusheshisa yayo, isivinini, indawo (izixhumanisi), njalonjalo. Bonke laba ukubalwa kwenziwa ngaphansi kohlaka kinematics. Nokho, lokhu legatsha isayensi ukutadisha izinqubo bona abawona ezivela ezinyakazayo lokukhanda. Phendula imibuzo mayelana nezici ukunyakaza, ngenxa ukusheshisa ishayela Dynamics can.

Thatha umdlalo owodwa amabhokisi ngaphakathi futhi baqala ukuthuthela kwelinye direction kanye itafula ngejubane elifanayo. Kwenzakalani umdlalo? Kusekelwe noma uhamba? Konke kuncike onjani Uhlaka reference, thina iliphi ozolikhetha kuxhomeke kulelo main. Mayelana ibhokisi umdlalo uyaphumula, kodwa uma ubheka ukuthi kwenzekani ingxenye (isibonelo, etafuleni elifanayo), ke idluliswa. Inani ezimweni zombili ukuthi ijubane midlalo kuyinto njalo. Ukushintsha ke udinga ukuthi ube nakho ku amabhokisi ukufanisa ithonya zangaphandle, isibonelo, ukusunduza off etafuleni. Yilokhu Waphawuleka inertial inkomba uhlelo. Ake ucabange ukuthi singabantwana ebhokisini eduze umdlalo. Njengoba isinyathelo zangaphandle boni, ngesikhathi kuwa ubungacabanga ukuthi umdlalo wabaselwa waqalisa by ekuzuzeni ishayela ukushesha. Kodwa uma sibheka okwenzekayo, kukhona etafuleni, ifana ukuziphatha kalula zachazwa yisigaba ushintsho ebhokisini isivinini. Eqinisweni, siye wachaza inertial futhi okungezona inertial inkomba ozimele. Ngoba isici sokuqala isenzo amabutho angaphandle, futhi ukusheshisa yesibili okuholela amabutho sangaphandle asikwazi wachaza. Kulesi sibonelo, i-inertial inkomba uhlelo elihlobene ne kobuso itafula futhi yimuphi omunye into ibhokisi, njengoba kusobala umthelela zangaphandle ku into ngaphansi cwaningo. Inkinga ozimele nentshisekelo lezazi ezinjalo abavelele endala, njengoba uGalileo no-Aristotle. Kwaze kwaba sekhulwini le-17, u-Isaac Newton ngesisekelo umsebenzi wabo uklame Umthetho wokuqala inertia, kangcono eyaziwa ngokuthi umthetho wokuqala Newton.

Lithi ukuba khona eyamukelekayo inkomba izinhlelo, lapho waba nomzimba iyona ukuchayeka sangaphandle nezinye izindikimba, futhi ijubane ukunyakaza ayishintshi enenjongo alalelwayo, ka orientation. Uma imiphumela embalwa, kodwa olinganiselayo, okusebenza imithetho efanayo esetshenziswa inertial inkomba izinhlelo (ISO). Uma sicabanga uhlelo inkomba isihlobo komunye nomunye, njalo ngaso isivinini iyunithi nokubaluleka, kungashiwo wagomela ukuthi ngokwemvelo kukhona lenqwaba ISO. Ngakho-ke, i-inertial inkomba zinhlelo asizombelezileko.

Kulula kakhulu ukuqonda umthetho wokuqala Newton, uma ujwayelene okutholakele amandulela - Aristotle uGalileo.

Aristotle wagomela ngokuthi uma umzimba ayibonakali zinethonya ngandlela-thile-third party, isimo yemvelo ke - ukuthula. Endabeni ukuhamba yomzimba nge speed njalo amandla zangaphandle kumele kube khona.

UGalileo ungeze lokhu okutholakele: ukungabi ithonya zangaphandle akusho ukuthi umzimba awukwazi ukuhambisa ngokushelela futhi ngaphandle kokushintsha isiqondiso. Amandla kakhulu efanayo ukuthi ine umphumela, okulahlwayo olungaba isinxephezelo amandla adonsela phansi, ngomshikisho nokunye.

uhlelo Inertial kusekelwe ngokuphelele uMthetho Okokuqala, owawuthi yimuphi umzimba uphumule noma motion iyunifomu, inqobo nje uma amandla zangaphandle ayishintshi esimweni saso. Isici esibalulekile: umthetho kungaba kwenziwe hhayi zonke inkomba izinhlelo kungenzeka.

uhlelo Inertial lolungenamaphutsa asekelwe futhi ngenkuthalo lisetshenziswe Mechanics yasezulwini kanye Astronautics (uhlelo heliocentric). Kumelwe kuphawulwe ukuthi akukho Uhlaka enjalo reference ukuthi kungaba inertial ngoba zonke izinqubo kungenzeka kohlelo.