Omnkantsha: puzzle silindele umcwaningi

Uma uthi nhlá, igama umzimba yezwe, ngoba kuyofika emnkantsheni ithambo akusho ifa imisebenzi yobuchopho. Nokho igama kunengqondo ngokuphelele ngokomthetho, ngesikhathi ubuchopho Uzungezwe yinhlangano amathambo Yekhanda, ngoba kuyofika emnkantsheni ithambo futhi "ezifihliwe 'in a okuqinile. Kwesinye isikhathi abantu abanayo umbono ocacile kakhulu isakhiwo kanye nemisebenzi yaleli fomu. Ake sizame ukukulungisa kulesi sihloko.

Ungqimba ingqikithi umzimba kufihlwe amathambo akuyona mncane kwabanye kungase kubonakale sengathi abantu abaningi - amaningi njengoba 4% we mass, okusho ukuthi isidumbu somuntu isilinganiso (70kg) uma isisindo 2.8 kg - impela eningi.

Omnkantsha kuyinto ezimbili zama. Enye yalezi izinhlobo, empeleni, umzimba awukwazi kubhekwe, nakuba kuba ingxenyenamba ezithile ngesisindo sezinti 2.8 kg. Sisebenza ukhuluma ngani umnkantsha ziphuzi. Eqinisweni kuba amaseli fat. Kodwa kukhona esinye hlobo ukuthi Histology bebonke kubhekwe umzimba ehlukile, ngoba simatasa umsebenzi okuyimfihlakalo hematopoiesis.

Kungani kusetshenziswa igama elithi "uyinqaba"? Iqiniso lokuthi igazi ngqo amafomu asebenzayo oluyimfihlakalo stem cells. Zingamashumi engavamile kakhulu. Uzenzela: iseli evamile kungaba bahlukanise izikhathi eziyishumi nanhlanu kuphela, kodwa ama-stem cell kungekho imingcele enjalo, njengoba kungekho omunye umdlavuza. Mhlawumbe yilokho umdlavuza kungani ezivame kangaka ka umnkantsha?

Usuku kwakhiwa lapha eziyinkulungwane nengxenye amangqamuzana amasha igazi, akumangalisi ukuthi abantu abaningi somzimba ukuba mikhulu. Red umnkantsha kahle kakhulu enikeziwe nemithambo yegazi, okuyinto engavamile ngoba amanzi, lakha amangqamuzana amasha nawo ukuza jikelele isimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi. Kukhona omunye izikhungo kohlelo lymph - ingxenye uhlelo oluyimpumelelo mzimba.

Yiqiniso, kule obomvu umnkantsha akhiwa lymphocyte hhayi kuphela. Ngakho, izinhlobo ezintathu amaseli zenzeka: irowu ezimhlophe obomvu platelet. erythrocyte Red etholwe, "ukukhathazeka" sokuthwala umoya-mpilo, emhlophe - omhlophe wamangqamuzana egazi-Abavikeli (kuhlanganise lymphocyte) futhi platelet - amaseli obhekene igazi ekunqandeni, ezisiza umzimba ezimweni ukopha.

Akuwona wonke amangqamuzana okuzivikela aluka emzimbeni. Inani elikhulu of them okwamanje amanga umnkantsha. Eqinisweni, kukhona izikhathi 50 ngaphezulu neutrophil (leukocyte umbono) kuka egazini, ubende kanye esibindini. Lokhu "ihlukane ekhethekile" ukuthi vigilantly kusivikela nsada kwamagciwane. Indlela abasabela ngokushesha futhi kuqala ukushiya umnkantsha, ukuhlasela isitha. Kukhona ngokoqobo "ukudla" isitha, lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi phagocytosis.

Ngaphambi kokuzalwa ukukhiqizwa ingane kwamangqamuzana egazi unesibopho kwesibindi. Nokho, kancane kancane, izinqubo hematopoietic (igazi obumba izitho) lapho kuthiwa damped, kanye obomvu umnkantsha kuphela isebenza imini nobusuku ku ukudalwa stem cells egazini. Lokukhipha kulomzimba akuyona, uma kuza operation unyathela amabhuleki, kusho ukuthi umzimba kuyinto enkingeni enkulu futhi ngokushesha kudingeke sithathe izinyathelo zokulungisa isimo. Ngakho-ke, izifo ezinzima igazi ziphathwa kabi. Ngemva zitshala umnkantsha akunzima - nzima ukuhlela ukuze lajwayeleka. Siyazi ukuthi kuyingxenye wamasosha omzimba, futhi kuba ikakhulukazi ukungqubuzana ngabanye kanye ngenakugwemeka. Ngakho-ke, zama ukufakela umnkantsha kuphela kusukela izihlobo eziseduze.

Ekuzalweni kwakhe, iningi umnkantsha - red, isigamu omdala vele ophuzi. Nokho, ezimweni ezehlukile, umzimba unikeza umyalo - ngokungazelelwe ophuzi umnkantsha bomvu futhi. Kanjani? Kuyinto imfihlo - futhi yena ulinde okufanele kutjhejwe. Ngokuvamile, uhlelo igazi, okubandakanya bony ubuchopho bomuntu iyinkimbinkimbi futhi egcwele izimfihlakalo. Okuvunjululwe ngaphezulu zenziwa, into engekho nakuba bikho ngaphezulu yambulwe kithina.