Abadlali abakhulu be-chess emhlabeni. Ukulinganisa abadlali be-Chess

Ubani abadlali abafana kakhulu be-chess? Baziwa kanjani futhi yiziphi izinqubo ezikhethiwe? Umbuzo kunzima kakhulu, ngoba kunabantu abaningi "abakhulu". Isimiso esifanele kunazo zonke kanye nokulinganisa ukufaniswa kwabadlali bamanje, ngoba abadlali be-chess yomlando njengoPaul Morphy, u-Emanuel Lasker nabanye abakwazi ukuncintisana nabaphathi bezinsuku zethu, njengoCarsen, Nakamura, Karjakin, Anand, Kramnik.

Kungani abadlali be-chess banamuhla bengcono kunezomlando

Abagijimi bamanje banokufinyelela amathani ezincwadi kanye nolwazi, bangashintshanisa okuhlangenwe nakho kumaforamu futhi basebenzise ukulungiswa kokusebenza kwekhompyutha okulungiselelwe. Ubudala bobuchwepheshe bezokwaziswa buguqule kakhulu izinga lomdlalo ku-chess. Isilinganiso samanje sabathengi be-chess sidlula kakhulu izibalo zabazukulu bomlando. Nokho, abadlali be-chess eminyakeni edlule babeka isisekelo salomdlalo. U-Aron Nimtsovich, uBobby Fisher, uDavid Bronstein nabanye abaningi bangabantu ababengaba yizinkampani futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, abalobi bezincwadi ezidume kakhulu ze-chess. Ngaphandle kwesikhathi esidlule bekungeke kube khona!

Abaholi bamazwe abaholi bezwe abahamba phambili

Abanye abahlaziyi be-chess baqoqa abaphathi abayishumi nambili ababekhona noma abazohlala beyizinsizwa ezingamangalelwa emhlabeni iminyaka eminingi. U-preponderance oqine kakhulu kanye nokubusa kwe-epochal phezu kwabanye kubonakala ngabadlali abathintekayo be-chess sonke isikhathi: U-Emanuel Lasker, uJosé Capablanca, u-Alexander Alekhine, uRobert Fisher, uGarry Kasparov, uVladimir Kramnik, u-Viswanathan Anand, uMnnum Carlsen.

Abadlali abakhulu be-chess bomhlaba - abezinye izizwe

UMagnus Carlsen ungumdlali we-chess ovela eNorway ongadingi ukumelwa okhethekile. Ungumdlali wezwe (kusukela ngo-2013 kuze kube manje), indoda eyayiyokuqala ukulinganisa inani le-chess lama-2872 amaphuzu. Lona ngumphumela omuhle kunabo bonke abantu kanye nalokho, ngakho-ke uMagnus Carlsen ungena ohlwini lwabadlali abakhulu beplanethi. Iqhawe lamanje linomqondo ongakahle, onomsebenzi wokuba nomzimba wokwakha imigqa ephakeme ye-tactical ngemuva kwe- chessboard.

UK. Magnus uyisidlali esiphezulu kunazo zonke, lokhu kuyiqiniso! Ochwepheshe nabagxeka bakholelwa ukuthi isiNorway singashaya noma yiliphi umdlali we-chess owake waba khona emhlabeni.

U-Viswanathan Anand ungumdlali onamandla kunabo bonke abavela eNdiya, owaba nguMkhulu-mkhulu wokuqala ezweni lakhe. U-Anand ungumdlali we-chessen phenomenal onengqondo yokuhlaziya. U-Viswanathan waba ngumholi wezwe weFIDE (International Chess Federation) ngo-2000 futhi wagcina ubukhulu bakhe kuze kube ngu-2002. Ngesikhathi eqenjini lakhe e-India, kwavuswa isithakazelo esivela ku-chess, futhi sabamba yonke i-Asia.

U-Viswanathan Anand wayengakaze afakwe ngokuthi "blitzkrieg", kodwa wakwazi ukuba yiqhawe lomhlaba nge-blitz ngo-2003, ngaleyo ndlela eqinisekisa isimo sesidlali se-chess esiphezulu. Okuqhubekayo - okuningi! I-Grandmaster yaseNdiya yayiyiqhawe eliphelele lomhlaba esikhathini esukela ngo-2007 kuya ku-2013. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, umphikisi omkhulu ka-Anand kwakunguVladimir Kramnik, kodwa amaNdiya ayelokhu enamandla njalo. Impumelelo kaVisathanathan ifanelwe ukubhekwa ngokufanelekile njengomdlali we-chess oqine kakhulu weplanethi.

Kasparov - Karpov - abadlali abangcono kakhulu be-USSR

UGarry Kasparov - nakanjani umdlali umhlabeleli wekhulu lama-XX! Abachwepheshe abaningi be-chess bangaphikisana nalokhu, bathi uGarry Kasparov uhambisana no-Anatoly Karpov. Nokho, izibalo namaqiniso azikhulumela.

Iphi iKasparov engabhekwa njengento engcono kakhulu:

• Waba ngumdlali wezwe omncane kunabo bonke eminyakeni engu-22.
• Wayengumpetha wezwe ongenakulinganiswa iminyaka engu-15.
• Esikhathini kusukela ngo-1984 kuze kube yilapho ephuma khona "ekuthatha umhlalaphansi" ngo-2005, waba nesilinganiso esiphezulu ngokwendlela ye-International Chess Federation (FIDE).
• Ubamba irekhodi lenombolo yokunqoba kwezobuchwepheshe ezilandelanayo emidlalweni - i-tournaments engu-15 iminyaka engu-9 (1981-1999). Iqembu elimhlophe laphazanyiswa nguVasily Ivanchuk eLinares (1991), lapho uKapparov ethatha khona indawo yesibili, ngemuva kwalowo mholi ngamaphuzu amahlanu.
• Ube ngumdlali ongcono kunonyaka wezinombolo ezirekhodiwe (11 Chess Oscars).

U-Anatoly Karpov ungenye inkosi ye-chess yekhulu lama-20. Ngo-1975, u-Anatoly Karpov wakwazi ukuwina abafaki bezicelo. Lokhu kwamvumela ukuba ahambe emdlalweni weqhawe lomhlaba ngokumelene noRobert Fisher, kodwa umdlali wezokuvikela wenqaba ukuvikela isihloko sakhe.

Ngokomthetho we-chess, isihloko se-world champion chess sasikelwe ku-Karpov. Eqaphela ukuthi isihloko sasihamba, ngokukhuluma, "singenzi lutho", u-Anatoly Karpov waya ezinyathelweni ezinkulu - wazibandakanya kuzo zonke izinkampani zomhlaba we-chess. UCarpov wayefisa ukufeza umsebenzi - ukufakazela wonke umuntu ukuthi igama lakhe "iqhawe lomhlaba" lifanelwe kahle. Futhi yilokho okwenzekile:

• Iqhawe lomhlaba 1975-1985.
• Unqobe wesikhathi esishiyagalolunye we-Chess Oscar.
• Umnqobi wesikhathi esithupha we-Chess Olympiad.
• Njengoba kunomncintiswano omkhulu phakathi kukaGarry Kasparov no-Anatoly Karpov, uKasparov wayevame ukukhuluma ngeKarpov njengomdlali onamandla kakhulu. Abadlali be-Chess badlala imidlalo engu-144 phakathi kwabo, futhi bonke babenomqhudelwano wezwe, uKasparov wanqoba izikhathi ezingu-21, noKarpov - 19. Zonke ezinye imidlalo zaziboshwe. Laba bobabili abadlali abakhulu be-chess bomhlaba, abaphikisana nabo njalo bavusa isithakazelo esikhulu phakathi kwabalandeli bomdlalo omdala.

Ukulinganiswa kwe-FIDE

Ukulinganisa kwabadlali be-chess ngokusho kwe-FIDE version, phezulu-10:

1. UCarlsen Magnus, 1990, eNorway, amaphuzu angu-2872.
2. UCaruiano Fabiano, owazalwa ngo-1992, eU.SA, amaphuzu angu-2827.
3. Wesley Ngakho, 1993, USA, amaphuzu angu-2822.
4. UKramnik Vladimir, owazalwa ngo-1975, eRussia, amaphuzu angu-2811.
5. UVachie-Lagrave Maxim, 1990, eFrance, amaphuzu angu-2796.
6. U-Anand Viswanathan, ngo-1969, eNdiya, amaphuzu angu-2786.
7. Aronian Levon, b. 1982, i-Armenia, amaphuzu angu-2785.
8. Nakamura Hikaru, owazalwa ngo-1987, eU.SA, amaphuzu angu-2785.
9. USergey Karyakin, owazalwa ngo-1990, eRussia, amaphuzu angu-2783.
10. UGiri Anish, owazalwa ngo-1994, eNetherlands, amaphuzu angu-2769.

Abadlali abakhulu be-chess baseRussia

U-Vladimir Kramnik ungumdlali okwazi ukuwela isinyathelo sokulinganisa emazingeni angu-2800+. I-Kramnik inezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokusebenza phakathi kwabo bonke abaholi be-chess abaqine kakhulu. Ngo-2000 waba yiqhawe lomhlaba, ebambe uGarry Kasparov ngokwakhe. I-Vladimir Kramnik yiyona ndlela engcono kakhulu ye-chess methodologist, amandla ayo anikezwe ngokunemba kwekhompuyutha nokucindezeleka kokumelana.

USergey Karyakin yiyona kuphela umdlali we-chess ongazange abe yiqhawe lomhlaba ku-classical chess. Ungumphathi omkhulu kunabo bonke emhlabeni, lesi sikhundla sanikezwa uSergei eminyakeni engu-12 nezinyanga ezingu-7. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-2002, uSergey Karyakin oneminyaka eyishumi nambili wayengumqeqeshi osemthethweni wezinkambiso zomphathi omkhulu uRuslan Ponomoriev (iqhawe lomhlaba FIDE 2002-2004). Kwakungekho into enjalo emhlabeni!

Ngo-2016 wanqoba lo mqhudelwano wabadlali futhi waba ngumphikisi kaMagnus Carlsen, kodwa akazange akwazi ukunqoba. USergei Karyakin usalokhu engumdlali obaluleke kunazo zonke weqhawe lamanje. Ngonyaka ka-201 no-2016 waba ngumpetha wezwe ku-blitz. I-Karjakin yiyona engcono kakhulu ye-chess eyinhloko, i-strategist ne-blitzkrieg.

Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi ukuphikisana phakathi kukaMagnus Karlsen noSergei Karyakin kuzodlula umbhangqwana odumile waseKasparov - Karpov.