Izinto eziphila abakhuthele

izinto eziphila abakhuthele (esifushanisiwe - BAS) - ekhethekile ikhemikhali okuyinto ifa ngesikhathi emakamu low umsebenzi omkhulu ukuze amaqembu athile eziphilayo (womuntu, isitshalo, isilwane, isikhunta) noma amaqembu athile amaseli. BAS kusetshenziswa imithi kanye nokugwema izifo njengoba, futhi balondoloze umsebenzi ngokugcwele.

Ngokwemithetho yempilo izinto asebenzayo yilezi:

1. Alkaloids - nitrogen compounds organic nemvelo. Njengoba ojwayelekile, zemifino. Have izakhiwo eziyisisekelo. Zingaxazululeki emanzini, nge-acid ukwakha nosawoti ahlukahlukene. Ifa umsebenzi omuhle bokuphila. Ngemithamo ezinkulu - iyona ubuthi eziqine encane - imithi (imithi "Atropine", "papaverine", "ephedrine").

2. Amavithamini - eqenjini elithile organic compounds ezibalulekile izilwane nabantu ukuze umzimba omuhle futhi aphile ukuphila okwanelisayo. amavithamini amaningi zinengxenye ukwakheka enzyme ezidingekayo zivimbela noma ukusheshisa umsebenzi enzyme izinhlelo ezithile. Futhi amavithamini asetshenziswa njengoba izithasiselo eziphila abakhuthele ukuba ukudla (kufakwe Ukwakheka kwabo). Ezinye amavithamini udle ukudla, kuyilapho ezinye ziba ezivezwa amagciwane esiswini, nabanye - zibangelwa synthesis izinto amafutha-like ngaphansi kwethonya ultraviolet. amavithamini kungaholela kwempilo umzimba. Lesi sifo, nesuka ngenxa engayitholi eliphansi amavithamini emzimbeni, ebizwa ngokuthi i beriberi. Ububi - kuba Vitamin lokunemphilo, kodwa imali ngokweqile - hypervitaminosis.

3. glycosides - compounds bemvelo organic. Sinenkosi ezihlukahlukene nemiphumela. glycosides molecule enziwe izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko: nesaharistoy (the aglycone noma genin) kanye okunoshukela (glucones). Kwezokwelapha esetshenziselwa ukwelapha nenhliziyo kanye nezifo semithambo njengoba elwa namagciwane futhi expectorant. glycosides futhi akhulule ukukhathala engqondweni nasemzimbeni, zokukhipha igciwane ngomgudu womchamo, ukunqanda isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko, kugayeke futhi ukwandisa esesuthi.

4. Glikolalkaloidy - izinto bioactive ezihlobene glycosides. Kusukela kubo ungathola imithi ezilandelayo: "Cortisone", "Hydrocortisone" nabanye.

5. I tannins (elinye igama - tannin) bayakwazi ziyazika amaprotheni, isikhwehlela, izinto ingcina, alkaloids. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu awayona ehambisanayo nala makhemikhali in imithi. Njengoba amaprotheni akha albuminates (ejenti antiinflammatory).

6. Fatty amafutha - kuyinto esters of okunamafutha acid noma utshwala trihydric. zinengxenye Ezinye acid okunamafutha ku umzimba, ukusheshisa le excretion cholesterol emzimbeni.

7. Coumarins - ikhemikhali eziphila abakhuthele, okuncike coumarin futhi isocoumarin. Eqenjini efanayo zihlanganisa piranokumariny futhi furokumariny. Ezinye coumarins ifa isinyathelo spasmolytic, abanye ukubonisa kapillyaroukreplyayuschim umsebenzi. Kukhona futhi coumarins anthelminthic, isisu, curare, elwa namagciwane, analgesic kanye nezinye izenzo.

izakhi 8. Trace, amavithamini kanye nokunye okufana nalokho, nazo wanezela kuya eziphila abakhuthele ukudla okufakiwe. Bayingxenye amavithamini, ama-hormone, zombala, ama-enzyme, ifomu chemical compounds nge amaprotheni buthelela izicubu kanye izitho, endocrine nezindlala. Ukuze abantu ezibalulekile elandelayo trace izakhi: boron, nickel, i-zinc, cobalt, molybdenum, okuhola sasekhaya, selenium, ithusi, manganese.

Kukhona nezinye izinto eziphila abakhuthele: acid Organic (kukhona oluyingozi futhi okungezona oluyingozi), pectin, zombala (elinye igama - umbala ejenti), ama, ama-carotenoid, flavonoid, oluyingozi, ecdysones, amafutha abalulekile.