Vitamin kwamaphutha - Iyini? Vitamin kwamaphutha: izimbangela, izimpawu, nokwelashwa

Kuzo zonke abezindaba njalo ukukhangisa amavithamini nezinye izakhamzimba, emhlabeni ophucukile kukhona nhlobo inkinga lokuthola ukudla. Ikhona yini enye indlela kube kungaba ukushoda? Futhi kungani sidinga lezi izinto?

indima

Kudala, lapho imithi ukuthi ingasaphathwa athuthukile, abantu baye baqaphela ukuthi, engene izimo kunalokho eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, njengezinga e kohambo olude oluya enyakatho noma kokuyeka ukudla okuthile kusuka ekudleni kwakho, abantu abafana, ngaphandle kwesizathu nhlobo iyagula. imithi yesintu awazange asize, futhi kancane kancane kwaba sobala ukuthi kunjalo ekudleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akuzona zonke ukudla esekhule ngokwanele ukuthi ukuvimbela isifo noma aphathe ke, ukuze abantu baye bafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi ukudla ezahlukene ziqukethe ezinye izinto. kamuva ukuqonda enembile baqinise ososayensi ucwaningo abaphuma ukukhomba, bese synthesize lezi zinto. Kodwa ngalolo kamuva.

Wonke umuntu, siseqophelweni zidla ukudla kwazo, siyazi ukuthi kumelwe sibe abalinganiselayo. Akukona nje mayelana amaphrotheni, amafutha kanye carbohydrate, kodwa futhi amavithamini ezidingekayo namaminerali. Yiqiniso, ungathola kuzo ngokuthatha izidakamizwa ezikhethekile, kodwa kuyasiza kakhulu emzimbeni ngeke ukuncela kwabo ngendlela yemvelo - kusuka ukudla. Kodwa ziyini na?

Evamile, ngamunye Vitamin kudlala indima ethile. Kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi ziklanyelwe ngenkambo evamile lenqwaba izinqubo. Ngokwesibonelo, vitamin C has ezingaphezu kuka-300 nemisebenzi yemvelo. By the way, asikwazi kuhlelwe umqondo ngu umzimba womuntu.

Umlando yokutholakala amavithamini

Kwaphela isikhathi eside, abantu incazelo eyayingasahambisani nokuqonda enembile yalokho Ukudla kufanele nhlobonhlobo, azenziwanga isipele ngocwaningo. Famous usosayensi Russian N. I. Lunin kwaba ngomunye wabokuqala owaqala ukuba ulinge kule ndawo ngasekupheleni XIX leminyaka. Izingxenye ke wapha amagundane zonke izingxenye eyaziwayo ubisi cow sika, okungukuthi, amafutha, carbohydrate, amaprotheni, usawoti, ushukela, kodwa izilwane wafa. Bese wenza isiphetho ngabantu isidingo izinto ezithile ungazange osatholakele, kodwa kuyadingeka kakhulu impilo umzimba.

Ngo-1906, isiphetho senziwa ezinto IsiZulu F. Hopkins, ebiza lezi zingxenye "izici-accessory ukudla". Kodwa Isinyathelo sokugcina ukukhethwa yalezi izinto kwenziwe Pole Casimir Funk, abayithola zinhlayiya, ephulukisa izimpawu hypovitaminosis B, kuyilapho lalibizwa beriberi. Wabiza izidakamizwa "Vitaymayn" (kusukela lesiLatin elithi vita - "ukuphila" futhi Amine IsiZulu - "Amine", kwakwakhe nitrogen-oqukethe). Wasikisela ukuthi izinto ezinjalo kungase ephulukisa nezifo ezifana ebusuku ubumpumputhe, ukhwekhwe, yamathambo futhi pellagra. Akabange okungalungile.

ukuqashelwa

Engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu XX, cishe zonke amavithamini abalulekile atholiwe, futhi kamuva eloba futhi yabo isakhiwo sazo sekhemikhali. Kwatholakala kanye nezinye izinto isinyathelo izimiso ezifanayo. Nge kumagama "ngoba kokutholakala amavithamini" ngo-1929, Hopkins futhi Eijkman, oye wacwaninga isilwane hypovitaminoses izinkukhu Ngokwesibonelo, bathola uMklomelo KaNobel. Merit Lunin futhi Funk sasizikhohlwa iminyaka eminingi.

Noma kunjalo, ucwaningo olwengeziwe kungenzeka ukuhlonza izinto ezintsha, namuhla ephathelene amavithamini, kanye ukuqonda umsebenzi wabo.

ngezigaba

Namuhla siyazi omningi amavithamini futhi zihlukaniswe amaqembu. Ngaphambili, nabo zingafani fat- namanzi solubility, kodwa ukuvela inqwaba analogs deaktualizirovalo lokhu ngezigaba.

• A: Leli qembu kuhlanganisa izinto retinoids okuqondene eyinhloko sombala ezibukwayo. Kuvusa ukukhula nokuthuthuka, inikeza ukuzivikela antioxidant futhi mzimba. Found in izaqathe, ithanga, uwoyela-cod-liver.
• Ku: leli qembu kuhlanganisa inqwaba kakhulu izinto ukuhlangana ngokushesha ngemuva sebuningini imisebenzi. Inqwaba ekhona ufulawa, ukudla, ubhontshisi.

• C: lapha ngempahla eyodwa kuphela - ascorbic acid. ukungena kwaso emzimbeni kungenzeka ngabantu bangaphandle kuphela, ukudla, kuyilapho amavithamini asele kungenziwa kuhlelwe umqondo ngezinga elithile. Ngosizo lwakhe kumiswa collagen serotonin, tryptophan, corticosteroids. It ehilelekile ukugaya ukudla, kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, iwukudambisa ezinye izinto. Lona omunye izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni, futhi kuba, ngenhlanhla, atholakala izithelo eziningi kanye nemifino.
• D: iqembu compounds okuyinto akhiwa esikhumbeni ukwenekwa emisebeni ultraviolet. Liqinisekisa ukumuncwa kwe-calcium ne phosphorus, kuvusa zamagama yenombolo hormone elawula cell division futhi umzimba.
• E amavithamini asekelayo umsebenzi zokuzala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bayobe besebenza njengethuluzi Antioxidants ezithinta ukuthuthukiswa imisipha. Ziyakwazi immunomodulators ezinamandla. Found in zemifino amafutha.
• Ngu: ngokuyinhloko obangela igazi ekunqandeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iqhaza kule izinso, umzimba amathambo kanye ezicutshini synthesizes amaprotheni izakhiwo elisetshenziswa inhliziyo, amaphaphu nezinye izitho. Found in isipinashi, u-cauliflower, broccoli, ukwatapheya, ikiwi, ubhanana.
• P: rutin, okuyinto unesibopho ekunciphiseni brittleness futhi permeability we ulwelwesi lwama-capillary. It kwandisa kuyaqina kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu futhi anezakhi antioxidant. Found in ezisawolintshi, green tea Sorrel.

Ngezinye izikhathi okukhulunywe amavithamini izinto ezifanayo, ezisebenza izimiso ezifanayo futhi ube ukubaluleka okufanayo emzimbeni. Phela, kusilela zabo uhumusha ncamashi isimo esifanayo ezingemnandi kakhulu. Futhi uma akashintshi, umphumela kungaba ngisho ukubulala.

Hypo-, hyper- kanye beriberi

Noma yimuphi okunomsoco ofanelekayo noma umuntu ocabangelayo uyakwazi okusilungele kahle kakhulu ukudla izikhathi 5-6 ngosuku, kodwa izingxenye ezincane, udla esilinganayo ukudla bayiphendule ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kungokufanayo kunjalo nge amavithamini - ukungena yabo kufanele kube ngendlela ababelindele ngayo ukweqisa ukusongela ukuvela izinkinga.

Ticalo hypo- futhi Hyper-a- kusho ngokulandelana, lokhu kusilela, ngokweqile futhi ukungabi oluphelele yini. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ngoba izimo ezihlobene nezinkinga ngenzuzo emzimbeni amavithamini. Nakuba nasinye salezo zifo musa ukuthuthukisa ngosuku olulodwa, zokwelapha kungase kube into ngempela ende futhi eyinkimbinkimbi.

Ngezinye izikhathi colloquially amavithamini kanye hypovitaminosis kusho cishe into efanayo - ukuntuleka amavithamini. Mayelana ngokuvamile kuthiwa entwasahlobo, lapho isikhathi eside kufanele udle ukudla okusemathinini, izakhi abampofu.

izizathu

Zingaba zangaphakathi nezangaphandle. Lo mqeqeshi owake wapheka libhekisela esingamahlalakhona amavithamini engenayo ne ukudla. Nakuba yesibili - lahlukene izinkinga.

Okokuqala, kungase kube nesidingo kwandisa amavithamini. Kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ngesikhathi umsebenzi omkhulu emzimbeni, khona isifo.

Okwesibili, kungase ngobugebengu noma nokwenziwa zabo izindlela for kwezidingo zabo lapho uya khona. Kungaphindze kube netikhatsi nezinkinga kwathatha ifomu asebenzayo amavithamini. Khona-ke ngisho ngokwanele babo ukuthola eyanele - hhayi hypovitaminosis zokuvimbela. Umzimba umane ayikwazi ukugaya noma sizifundise idinga izidakamizwa.

Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, kubangela hypovitaminosis yangaphakathi kungaba azalwa naso noma bathenga ngenxa ezinye izifo. Kunoma ikuphi, cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi kukhona kungenzeka, uma kungekhona belashwa ngokuphelele, ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze sivale lapho sisilela Vitamin kwamaphutha.

izinhlobo ezinkulu izimpawu

Ngokusobala, akuzange kube yize kuyimpande Latin "ukuphila" esihlokweni lezi izinto, kodwa ukuntula kwabo akusho ukufa, konke iqala ibhizinisi sinezisusa ezinhle. Nokho, uvithamini lokunemphilo - lokhu kuyingozi, uma zingelashwa.

Njengoba sekushiwo, Iqembu ehilelekile izindlela okuqonda kwezinto esizibonayo. ukwehla kwalo kuyabonakala ukungatheleleki isimo kwesikhumba. Ngenhlanhla, omunye inkomba yokuqala Vitamin kwamaphutha uvithamini A abhekwa imifantu ezisemagumbini emlonyeni wakhe - ukuphulukiswa eside futhi kabuhlungu. Ngalesi sikhathi, namanje akakwazi ukukhuluma mayelana eziyingozi kakhulu empilweni, kodwa uphawu okusobala. Uma ingakwenzi lokho isinxephezelo esifweni, uvithamini lokunemphilo uvithamini A kungaholela umbono ukulahlekelwa, ikakhulukazi ebumnyameni - okubizwa ngokuthi ubusuku ngobumpumputhe.

Group ehilelekile izinqubo eziningi ezibalulekile. ukuntula kwabo kungaholela ekucindezelekeni, Izilonda, yokulimala kwengane esiswini, izinhlungu ngokuhlanganyela, izinkinga zesisu, ukuqothuka kwezinwele, ukuwohloka ukunakwa inkumbulo, sokuntuleka kwegazi kanye nezinye izinkinga ezinkulu.

Ukungabi ascorbic acid kokuqala libonakala njengoba ukwehla amasosha omzimba, SARS njalo. Kungase ukuzizwa ukhathele futhi ibuthakathaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho kungase kuholele acinene ukopha izilonda ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo - ukhwekhwe.

Yamathambo - yokuntuleka vitamin D - uzwakalise ikakhulukazi ukujuluka, izinwele thinning kanye ukuthambisa amathambo ngenxa Ukuwohloka calcium ukumuncwa. Lokhu kuyingozi ikakhulukazi esemncane, ngoba skeleton kungenziwa likhubazeke.

Vitamin kwamaphutha - lokhu nalesi asikona ukuntela. Ngakho phakathi izifo ezithile zonyaka, uma lowo muntu engekho ukufinyelela nezithelo nemifino eminingi, lenyuka umsebenzi ngokomzimba okudingeke ukuba akucabange ngempilo. Prevention hypovitaminosis elula. Akudingi isikhathi esiningi nokuzikhandla, kodwa ungakwazi ukuqeda nesibalo esikhulu izinkinga.

Izinhlelo ezivimbayo futhi Ukwelashwa

Ngisho noma ungazi izimbangela hypovitaminosis, amaqhinga ayibulale ihlale ifana - yokuntuleka umthamo wemvula. Prevention, ngokulandelana, ihlose ukugcina lapho.

Yiqiniso, okokuqala kunakho konke, lokhu ibangelwa kubukezwe Ukudla lesiguli. Uma kudingeka, kwandisa umthamo izinto ezithile ezisetshenziswa nsuku zonke. Uma ukufinyelela emikhiqizweni olufanele yemvelo akudingeki, bangakwazi kuthathelwe indawo zamagama, nemithi isb. Nokho, ngokweqile singaholela ezinkingeni, ngakho abashisekayo hhayi kakhulu, kulungile. Konke kufanele kube ngokulinganisela - Kwezwakala ngisho endulo. Uma kukhona kwamaphutha Vitamin, izimpawu zazo indiva isikhathi eside, ukuba ukwelashwa olunzulu, ayothunyelelwa kokubili ukuqedwa kusilela izinto ezidingekayo, futhi kwaba ukukhululeka izimpawu.

imiphumela

Vitamin kwamaphutha - isifo esiyingozi, njengoba kwakungeke sakhuluma ngalokho. It kwaphazamisa ukusebenza evamile umzimba, okuyinto esebenzisa isihluku uma isimo uhlala ingashintshiwe. Yiqiniso, okhula akusiwona olulodwa, kodwa ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ngenxa into eyodwa - ukufa. Futhi uma ngeke kubangele ukuntula amavithamini athile ngqo, izifo ezibangelwa ukuntuleka kubo, ngokuqinisekile. Abesabekayo ngaphezulu ukwazi ukuthi ezimweni eziningi, ukuvimbela kwamaphutha izimbangela amavithamini, ngokufanele, umphumela onjalo lula kakhulu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, wena nje kufanele udle ezihlukahlukene. Futhi uma lokhu kungeke kwenzeke - ngesikhathi ukuthatha amalungiselelo multivitamin.

mayelana hypervitaminosis

Ngokuvamile, ukufezekisa lokhu isimo kunzima. Uma Vitamin kwamaphutha - ucishe ezivamile uthi, ngokweqile - a rarity. Iqiniso lokuthi umzimba ngokuvamile nje ubonisa labo izinto kulo ayidingekile. Kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ukuze uthole ngokweqile amavithamini, kudingeka udle ukudla okunothile kubo, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuphuza imithi ebulilini. Ngokuvamile kukhona ngokweqile A no D. hypervitaminosis uhlobo A wazizwa Ukulunywa futhi flaking kwesikhumba, ikhanda elibuhlungu, isicanucanu nokuhlanza. Ngokuvamile, kubonakala sengathi ushevu. Hypervitaminosis D - kuyinto kwamathambo ne-calcium esisemanzini nenhliziyo, izinso, isitsha izindonga. Ngesikhathi besanda kuqala it libhekene ukungakuthandi ukudla, ikhanda elibuhlungu, emathunjini umsebenzi sifo.