Umthetho International zezenhlalakahle

umthetho International zezenhlalakahle (IHL) - kuyinto igatsha esizimele komthetho womphakathi, esakhiwa ukumiswa kwemigomo kanye MP kwezinkambiso ngokuchaza ezivamile amalungelo emhlabeni nenkululeko; izibopho State maqondana yokuphepha, yokusekela nesivikelo kwalamalungelo nenkululeko, futhi yabameli ukuba abantu kungenzeka ukuqaphela kanye lokuvikeleka kwezifiso ezisemqoka ezingumphumela amalungelo nenkululeko obonwa kubo.

The main futhi umsebenzi oyinhloko IHP neyaziwayo ukuthuthukiswa izivumelwano, izindinganiso ngokucacile ukusungula iqoqo namalungelo nezibopho amaqembu ukuba zinqobe, kanye okulinganisela izindlela futhi izindlela beqhuba impi.

Abanye abameli zihlukaniswe ngamazwe nemitsetfo lebukene izigaba ezimbili: "ilungelo The Hague", elawula izindlela futhi kusho zempi, kanye "ilungelo Geneva", equkethe umphako nokuvikela abongazimbi impi. Ngaphansi welithi "izisulu zezinhlekelele abalwa ezimpini 'ukuwa Wounded futhi abagulayo Sebawoti Ensimini; abalimele, abagulayo kanye nababe umkhumbi futhi bayingxenye amabutho ahlomile olwandle; iziboshwa zempi; nezakhamuzi.

1864 wehlela emlandweni unyaka okwaphela ngawo uhulumeni Swiss baba nomhlangano ukuthuthukisa ithuluzi zosizo izisulu impi. Waba yini umphumela wesibindi umhlangano nomphumela wokuthi kusayindwe soMthetho-sisekelo lokuqala for the Ukuvikelwa abagulayo futhi elimele ngesikhathi sempi. Kwakuwusuku umthombo wokuqala IHL.

Yemithetho yezizwe ngezizwe zezenhlalakahle ukuphola imali ububanzi, futhi ihloselwe olawula ubudlelwano phakathi uthi ngesikhathi impi. Abantu bakholelwa izinto ezintathu zalo. Eyokuqala - imithetho esebenza kuphela nenkathi yokuthula. Esesibili - imithetho sisebenza ngesikhathi impi kuphela. Uhlobo lwesithathu - imithetho okuxubile sisebenza yisikhathi sokuthula ezikhathini impi yezikhali.

umthetho International zosizo nezikhathi zomlando ezahlukene eziqukethwe amalungiselelo ahlukahlukene. Manu ubeka imingcele zobudlova, ezifaka hlangana ukuhlahluba ukuvinjelwa ukubulawa kungahlonyiwe, iziboshwa, ukusetshenziswa kwezikhali anobuthi. EGrisi lasendulo kwezinkambiso linqume ukuthi kuqale isinyathelo sezempi kumelwe zenzeke isimemezelo kubo. Endabeni ekuthatheni imizi angambulali labo baphephela amasonto, iziboshwa zempi abatshelana yakuhlenga.

Phakathi lenkomfa Hague ku ngonyaka Umhlaba v1899, FF Martens kwahlongozwa ukuba sisebenzise ilungiselelo ezazizovikela khona umphakathi zamasosha ezimweni lapho izenzo States kungukuthi kulawulwa imithetho IHL. Leli lungiselelo ubeka ukuthi izakhamuzi ezibulewe kanye amasosha angaphansi kwemithetho ye lephalamende yokuthi zibangelwa amasiko zokuhlola ezasungulwa izizwe eziphucukile, imithetho yesintu, futhi ucela ukwazi komphakathi. Lo mthetho waziwa ngokuthi "Martens isigatshana".

nemitsetfo lebukene International, kanye namanye amagatsha komthetho, usungula izimiso zalo, eziphambili kuzo okungamasonto iyona humanization ka ezimpini. By endleleni zihlanganisa lezi ezilandelayo: ukuvikelwa amasiko; ukuvikela futhi kuhloniphe izithakazelo uthi ukunamathela ukungathathi hlangothi; Ukubeka abantu abahilelekile kule nempi izindlela nezindlela babezibhalela.

Isikhundla isikhundla kwezempi ukungqubuzana phakathi uthi kuhilela nemiphumela okuhlaselayo zomthetho, ezifana ekunqanyulweni kwe ubudlelwane ezimela nakwezombusazwe; ukusetshenziswa umbuso esikhethekile izakhamuzi isimo kwesitha; ekunqanyulweni kwe izivumelwano, eyayibonakala ebonwe nenkathi yokuthula. umthetho International zezenhlalakahle iqala isebenze ngalesi sikhathi.