Zezibalo Omkhulu Russia kanye abakutholile

Ososayensi abaningi Russian yimpumelelo, wonke amazwe omhlaba. Ngokuvamile ziba endaweni eyinhloko sciences ngqo, ezifana izibalo. I ochwepheshe umhlabeleli kulo mkhakha baye bathole okuningi okubalulekile, ngezenzo zabo asetshenziswa emazweni ahlukahlukene. Ayini zezibalo olukhulu eRussia kufanele kakwaziwe yibo bonke abantu?

Pavel Alexandrov

Usosayensi esizayo wazalwa edolobheni Bogorodsk, namuhla - Noginsk. Bafunde esikoleni esiphakeme, lapho ngokushesha waqala ukubonisa Ukuthanda izibalo, okuyinto Wathunjwa bedle uthisha Aleksandra Eygesa. Ngolunye usuku uthisha watshela abafundi mayelana Lobachevsky kanye Alexander abasha ngokushesha anquma ukukwenza geometry. Befuna ulwazi, wangena University of eMoscow. Wabe eseqala ukufunda "inkinga yokuthi kwase kuyisikhathi continuum," kodwa imizamo akuphumelelanga ngesikhathi esithile lalimdumaza. Nokho, inkinga ayinqumanga ngisho nezinye owaziwa ososayensi wezibalo. Umhlaba pedagogy Alexandrov wahosha kweminyaka embalwa, kodwa wabe esebuyela isayensi yakhe ethandekayo. Wabeka eziyisisekelo yomphindwa abstract - imisebenzi yakhe yesayensi ukukhonza njengesisekelo ochwepheshe emhlabeni wonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu Alexandrov ephethwe i-Mathematical Society, eshicilelwe umagazini ne okutholakele yakamuva. Indlela aphumelela ngayo ziye obonwa kwamanye amazwe, futhi - Paul wakhethwa yilungu zokuhlonipha ka Gottingen, American kanye Berlin Academy of Sciences.

Ivan Vinogradov

Ngisho zezibalo edume kakhulu Russia akusho ngaso sonke isikhathi ukukhiqiza umuzwa emhlabeni yesayensi - abanye ukuqashelwa zazithatha kade. Ehluke kwenzeka nge Ivanom Matveevichem Vinogradovym. Wakwazi ukufakazela Goldbach inkinga futhi ngesinye isikhathi ukuba ngibe usaziwayo. Ngokusho theorem, kusukela ngomhla ka-inani elithile, noma iyiphi inombolo engalingani yinani lika primes ezintathu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izibalo Vinogradov Ungaqonda ukuthi kukhona isixazululo ngoba ngisho. Lezi zinombolo amelela isamba ezine ezilula. Ngokuthakazelisayo, lo mbuzo awuzange wavusa ngisho Goldbach. Vinogradov naye onesitolo amaphepha isayensi cishe sasiyikhulu namashumi amabili. Bambeka inkanyezi wamletha dumo, okungase ngiziqhayise, hhayi yonke zezibalo okukhulu. Umlando wezibalo azigcina inkumbulo kuye njengesazi sesayensi ezivelele futhi ilungu zokuhlonipha of imiphakathi zesayensi kanye zezifundiswa emhlabeni wonke.

Mstislav Keldysh

Eziningi zalezi zezibalo olukhulu eRussia ukuboniswa amakhono azo amangalisayo zibe zisencane. Futhi Mstislav Vsevolodovich Keldysh - wathola isihloko academician isivele engu-35 ubudala. Ukufinyelela izinto ezinjalo ukuba kulindeleke - usosayensi wawunesihloko umthamo Amazing eyomsebenzi ithalente langempela. Lapho sengineminyaka engu-16, wathola iziqu esikoleni esiphakeme futhi banquma ukubhalisela Physics and Mathematics Faculty of Moscow State University. Ngemva kokuqeqeshwa waya bahlanganyele izindiza, okuyinto has iminyaka emine eyenziwa eziningi ucwaningo ezibalulekile zesayensi kanye etholwe ngezinga elithile. Ukuze impumelelo emkhakheni izindiza Keldysh wathola imiklomelo isimo eziningana. Wakwazi ukubala kanjani vibration ukuqedwa in amaphiko, namasondo kanye extensibility, ukusuka kanye kokwehla. Ngesisekelo izibalo wakhe wamiswa speedboat. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Keldysh wenza kokuma ezibalulekile kwi-mathematics yezamakhompyutha.

Sofia Kovalevskaya

Uhlu, okungukufa zezibalo enkulu abesifazane Russian yayizofakwa, akukwazi ephelele ngaphandle igama. Sofia Kovalevskaya - ososayensi edume kunazo yezwe. Kusukela ebuntwaneni, wayengatholi uthanda nezinye izingane, zikhetha ukuzijabulisa bonke reflection. Wanquma ukufunda isayensi yezibalo, ukuyisebenzisa ukuqonda nezinye izimfihlakalo yonke. Wall usana UZandile iNdlu papered nge amashidi ebhukwinitifundvo Ostrogradskii, owayenguyise Intombazane yokuqala ejwayele emhlabeni yesayensi. Wabe eseqala ukutadisha incwadi UProfesa Tyrtova ngawo ukufunda izisekelo yezinto zemvelo noma yokuthakwa trigonometry. Waqala kanjalo-ke indlela yakhe maqondana isayensi, kodwa ekhaya ukuze uthole imfundo afanele abesifazane kwakungenakwenzeka, waya kwelinye izwe ukuze izitholele Berlin. imisebenzi Scientific of UZandile alethwe Ph.D. wakhe, yena wenza eziningi eziye zatholwa ezivelele futhi waduma emhlabeni wonke.

Andrey Kolmogorov

Igalari we zezibalo omkhulu akukwazi ephelele ngaphandle lokhu nososayensi. Waba ummeleli wokuqala cybernetics, azidalile umsebenzi edumile emhlabeni wonke, ngokusebenzisa ukuhlaziywa yezesayensi imisebenzi ebhaliwe. Ingabe izibalo, waqala eyunivesithi, ngaphezu, zalotshelwa ezihlukahlukene imisebenzi kumafilosofi kanye logic. umnikelo Kolmogorov ukuze cybernetics kwaphawulwa hhayi kuphela ekhaya kodwa futhi phesheya - ungeniswe Polish futhi Romanian Academy of Sciences, futhi kuphawulwe degree of Doctor e -University of Paris. Zasungula izisekelo okungenzeka theory kanye izibalo zezibalo , hhayi kuphela wathutha yesintu ulwazi phambili, kodwa futhi sisiza abafundi abaningi Kolmogorov baphumelele abalulekile ekuphileni kwabo siqu.

Alexey Krylov

Umfana wakhulela emndenini sasivumela umpofu - ithoyizi lakhe yathe ayeyithanda kwakungu ngembazo. Little Alyosha bayabukana sengathi bafuna ukuhleka ngokwakhe nge ukugawulwa izwibela kwezinkuni. Izihlobo zivamile wacabanga ingane enjalo uthole engumphangi, kodwa konke kwenzakala ngendlela ehluke kakhulu. Wanquma ukuba ngama-engineer, kanye ukwenza lokho izibalo eyayidingeka. Wings waqala abazisebenzako futhi iminyaka engu-15 kahle Isikhwama enkulu ulwazi. Phakathi nezifundo zakhe eshayisa oprofesa ivelele phakathi kwesifunda nabo. Ngezinye inkonzo Krylov ngaya ukuphathwa womhlaba, lapho ebhala iphepha ngokwesayensi phezu ikhampasi, Ngabe senginquma ukutadisha shipbuilding. Ososayensi abaningi ezinkulu kanye zezibalo babe theorists isiRashiya, futhi abambalwa kuphela ivelele ewumngcingo lunye esisebenzayo. Wings - omunye wabo. Ukuze ngomkhumbi izindaba nolwazi lwakhe kwaba isihluthulelo. Imisebenzi yakhe, ngokuhlanganisa le nkolelo-mbono zezibalo umkhuba ubunjiniyela, kukhona isisekelo manje. Ngaphezu kwalokho, waphikelela eziningi ucwaningo yimpumelelo. Imisebenzi yakhe ezinkulu isakhiwo bomkhumbi obusetshenziswa embonini shipbuilding kuze kube yilolu suku, futhi hhayi kuphela e-Russia kodwa kwamanye amazwe emhlabeni wonke.

Yuri Linnik

Eziningi zalezi zezibalo olukhulu eRussia owasebenza ngayo ekhulwini lokuthoma ekuseni naphakathi no-lamashumi amabili. Lokhu kusebenza futhi Yuri Linnik, owathweswa iziqu esuka kude impela eLeningrad University ngo-1938, futhi ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho eshicilelwe Ephepheni uFrobenius theorem. Ngo-1943 wayesenalo kakade isihloko Uprofesa. umsebenzi emangalisa ngesibalo theory wamenza ilungu Academy of Sciences. Kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe wanikezela ekuxazululeni izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi, uzama ukuthola indlela elula ngabo. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, wenza imibuzo embalwa ebalulekile okungenzeka theory, ezijulile ukufunda eziyisisekelo by British Hardy Littlewood. Wasungula inqubo yokubala theorem ukuthi inombolo zemvelo kungalungiswa njalo imelelwa isamba prime futhi ezimbili zemvelo, yisikwele. Igama Yuriya Linnika eyaziwa ososayensi zezibalo emhlabeni wonke.

Alexander Lyapunov

Eziningi zalezi zezibalo olukhulu eRussia wafunda Petersburg University. Aleksandr Lyapunov wayebuye iziqu zakhe. Ukuze imisebenzi yesayensi, ebhalwe ngaphezulu ngonyaka wesine, wayinqoba wendondo yegolide. Lyapunov laliba ukusebenza lokukwazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wayenguthisha abanamakhono - abafundi kuqashelwe ukuthi i-inkhulumo lemfisha wayekwazi ukusho ukuthi kwaba ongamazi, ngisho abafundi best of the Yiqiniso, uya kude awanakufundwa hlelo. Aleksandr Mihaylovich Lyapunov athuthukile ezizathwini eziningi mayelana ukuzinza kanye yakhoibrium ukuthuthela izinhlelo mechanical, isungule imithetho esingakwazi ukucacisa ukuma ujikelezisa ketshezi kwamanzi, ngaphansi koNkulunkulu, wahola isisekelo zezimboni inqubo control, futhi esetshenziswa namuhla. Ekugcineni, Lyapunov wabhala amaphepha amaningana okungenzeka theory, i-physics zezibalo, nezinye izindawo ezibalulekile zesayensi.