Paris Sorbonne University: umlando, abaphothula abadumile

Phakathi Umhlaba amazwe ezindala yimpumelelo uhlelo lwemfundo yabo kungaba ukuziqhayisa ezimbalwa kuphela. Akumangalisi-University of Paris Sorbonne University ukuziqhenya France. I eminyaka ubudala isiko ephakeme yezemfundo esungulwe uqonde ezweni of uVoltaire futhi Jean-Jacques Rousseau erenki lamazwe kangcono ukuqeqeshwa. Honoré de Balzac, uViktor Gyugo, Osip Mandelstam, Marina Tsvetaeva nezinye amagama abaningi abavelele ukugubha izindonga edume of izikhungo zemfundo.

Paris inyuvesi - omunye kakhulu eYurophu

Kuze kube manje, isimiso ukukhethwa lesembili waseParis labangela ukuqala komkhakha esikoleni esiphakeme, yilungiselelo ukufinyelela kwamahhala ulwazi bonke abafundi bendawo nezivakashi ezivela eziqhelile.

Impela, ngokuba eyunivesithi yodumo eFrance, Sorbonne - indawo ukutadisha izigidi zabafundi abathole iziqu ezikoleni European. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Université de Paris - eliphakeme semfundo ukuthi inomlando ocebile. Kusukela ngo usuku 1215 ekusungulweni, abadali yayo kakade wacabanga yokuthi le nyuvesi usezuze ngesilinganiso ngamazwe embulungeni yonke. Maphakathi nekhulu XIII ngamunye ikhono ekhona (udokotela, ummeli, ubuciko kanye nemfundiso yenkolo) afundiswa kuphela amaJalimane French kodwa futhi lase futhi British.

History of the University kusukela ekuqaleni

University of Paris emlandweni ukhona lidlule nezikhathi ezibalulekile eziningana. Vula semfundo ubekade 1258. By the way, umbono yokuqala yokudala ekolishi abafundi abampofu kwakungekaNkulunkulu Robert de Sorbon. Igama lo mqeqeshi bobukhosi engokomoya kamuva ukhishwa eyunivesithi. Ekhumbula okunye sikhungo ukuqeqeshwa, kuba inhlangano lapho izindonga zalo lonke kothisha kanye nabafundi baphila, basebenza futhi abaqeqeshiwe. Esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, ekolishi kwaba ihlelwe kabusha zibe khono izincwadi zenkolo ezihlonishwayo basenyuvesi, Sorbonne wathola igama layo. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu XVII University of Paris waba isikhungo Ifilosofi nemfundiso yenkolo e-Europe. Sasebenza sathola udumo nenkazimulo.

Esikhathini esifanayo, le Sorbonne ibuyekeziwe futhi lanwetshwa. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, amaFulentshi Revolution wayeka impilo yesayensi Paris kuze-yalolucwaningo 20 kwekhulu XIX. Ngiphephile isikhathi eside omunye iyunivesithi okuholela eYurophu kwakuyi esimweni balale isikhathi eside futhi ijulile. Nokho, ngokuvula nyuvesi izinguquko eziphawulekayo yenzekile futhi. Ngemva kwamashumi eminyaka, lapho izinguquko ezinkulu emkhakheni iye yathela izithelo: University French isibe isikhungo ngobukhulu sezemfundo.

Ezinkulu kabusha netimphawu Sorbonne

Ngakusasa mlando isinyathelo tingucuko Sorbonne baba izenzakalo ka-1968. Massive umfundi Iziteleka wazithatha ngenxa "Meyi Revolution" nezibhelu kwaholela ekutheni izikhulu zibonise nokwenza olunzulu lwesimiso semfundo isimo. Ngenxa yalokho, le nyuvesi ngobukhulu lahlukaniswa laba izingxenye ngazinye, ngalinye elikwazi babe isimo isikhungo ezizimele.

13 University of Paris - Sorbonne isakhiwo esisha, esekhona. Kuyadingeka esikhulumi ukwenaba zonke izakhi eziyinhloko the French ephakeme wehlelo lefundo zombelele.

Le nyuvesi wokuqala e-Paris

Nenqwaba-Sorbonne. University of Paris mina siqukethe amakhono abaningi Humanities futhi Sciences. Minyaka yonke, abafundi abasanda kuphothula umatikuletsheni abantu abangaphezu kuka-10 000 ensimini ezindaweni ezahlukene:

• umlando;
• geography;
• umnotho;
• tibalo;
• ifilosofi;
• ukuphathwa;
• imivubukulo;
• ezokuvakasha nokunye. d.

Iphinde ngempumelelo usebenza inethiwekhi izikhungo ehilelekile ekuqeqesheni womthetho, nomshuwalense, ezezimali kanye namasiko. Ephambi kwezinduna idigri impohlo umfundi unethuba faka ngqo ngomnyaka wesibili MSc. Esikhathini kela isifundo senzeka ngokuhambisana lesiNgisi ziqu izinhlelo, nge e Ukulifunda ngijule lapho bekhuluma isiFulentshi sici babo bonke amakhono.

Assas, le Sorbonne naseNew Rene Dekart

Nenqwaba-Assas. Esikhathini kuloluhlelo lwemfundo zomthetho le nyuvesi - umholi ongenambangi. Emashumini eminyaka ambalwa edlule, yena ngokuzethemba uthatha isikhundla aholayo phakathi ezikhethekile zomthetho amanyuvesi French.

New Sorbonne. I kuqhathaniswa nesizotha usayizi nesikole okumbalwa izakhiwo musa ukudlala indima enkulu ekukhetheni okungcono inyuvesi namalimi wemiphakathi. Okwamanje ubambe kahle ngezilimi eziningana ohlelweni eSorbonne ufisa-20 000 abafundi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akukho elilingana le nyuvesi kanye izinga ukuqeqeshwa humanities ezifana ifilimu izifundo, imidlalo yaseshashalazini, amafonethiki, abezindaba, izincwadi, amafonethiki, nokuningi.

Paris-Sorbonne University. University of Paris IV ngokukhethekile ezindaweni kwabefundisi kanye nezobunhloli. Ngaphezu nefilosofi, wezifundo zezenkolo, kwabantu nemivubukulo, abafundi abangaphezu kuka-20,000 basafunda izilimi zakwamanye amazwe, baqeqeshiwe esikoleni ukuphathwa ezintsha nokuxhumana, kanye e-Institute of Physical Ukuqeqeshwa kanye Ezemidlalo.

Paris-Descartes. I element esilandelayo ohlelweni central semfundo ephakeme, oveza ukunakekelwa kwezempilo. University, yaqanjwa Rene Dekarta, unyaka nonyaka is ukuqasha i-specialisation ezahlukene, ukungenisa ngaphakathi kwezindonga zabo mayelana abafundi abangu-30 000. Lapha beba bonke labo ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile uhlose indlela ukuxhuma empilweni yami, imithi: bamazinyo, ochwepheshe emthethweni yezokwelapha, osokhemisi, odokotela bengqondo, Homeopath, njll ... Ingxenye ebalulekile nyuvesi iyona Paris Museum of Medicine Institute of Technology. By endleleni, isakhiwo eyinhloko Paris-Descartes liyingcebo kazwelonke kahulumeni.

Ukuhlolwa futhi izifundo eSorbonne

Kwavulwa amayunivesithi ezintathu ezilandelayo e Paris, libonisa ngokuziqhenya egameni "Sorbonne", kukhona kunalokho izikhungo ezinkulu zocwaningo. Sikhuluma nyuvesi Pierre and Marie Curie University of Paris VII - Diderot futhi Vincennes - Saint-Denis. lunye lwabo eqondile isayensi, imithi, odontology.

Phakathi amanyuvesi kwezomnotho kanye zezomthetho Sorbonne kufanele ngamnyama Paris-Dauphine futhi Nanterre-La Defense. Eyokuqala kwemibandela futhi cishe ungoyedwa isikhungo yayo hlobo, ukwenza kuphela ngokuqeqeshwa ongoti ezindaweni emnothweni. Nanterre-La Defense kungekho inyuvesi ngaphansi ehlonishwayo e-Europe, has a Law Faculty futhi idume cwaningo okuphoqelekile okwenziwa ezikhungweni izilimi eziningana zakwamanye amazwe.

Paris-South. Esingcono kakhulu ngokufaka ubuchwepheshe ezihlobene sciences. Ngokuvamile uthola isihloko izikhungo engcono zezemfundo eFrance.

Val-de-Marne. It is lokhu inyuvesi kulo lonke elaseYurophu ezaziwayo. It has 7 amandla abaqondisi professional, abaphathi kanye nabasebenzi bakahulumeni.

Paris-North. Lesi sakamuva, eyunivesithi 13 enhloko-dolobha French. Kuhlanganisa 5 amandla asebenzayo, ukuzivocavoca efundisa zezenhlalakahle, ezenhlalo, ngesayensi kwezomnotho kanye yemvelo, kanye ne-Institute kabi uGalileo.

University of Paris has a isakhiwo esiyingqayizivele, lapho indawo udumo kungokwalabo esikoleni esiphakeme. Diploma kwezikhungo ezifana bubaluleke ngokwanele kakhulu kulo lonke izwe. Lesi sikole iqala izikhungo waqala eside ngaphambi French Revolution. Ekupheleni sezimayini esikoleni XVIII leminyaka yasungulwa, futhi ngemva kwesikhashana - esikoleni dorogostroeniya. Kukholakala ukuthi ukuze singene kwezombangazwe noma ibhizinisi elikhulu kungenziwa kuphela ezidlulayo lezi izigaba yokufunda kanye kumiswa umuntu yesimanje kuphumelele. Ahloniphekile ayebhekwa imfundiso eliphakeme (ecole normale) nesikole agronomic. Nezikhungo zokuqeqesha zezombangazwe nezikhulu zomphakathi --National School of Administration, kuba isikhungo ohlonishwa kakhulu zokufundisa yalolu hlobo.

umtapo University

Kuyinto engenakwenzeka hhayi ukusho mayelana umtapo Sorbonne. Ngo-1770, yena beqala ukuhlangana ekufundeni amakamelo abo bonke womela ulwazi. Kusukela kuvulwa ukufinyelela umtapo evumela ukuba izivakashi njalo hhayi kuphela abameleli abafundi kanye namalungu abasebenzi yokufundisa, kodwa futhi abantu abavamile abangenayo akuhlangene ne imfundo eSorbonne. Lasekuqaleni ncwadi yengcebo isitokwe Kwakuwuhambo nani elihlaba umxhwele amavolumu ezahlukene - amakhophi angaba yizinkulungwane 20. Njalo agcwaliswa uhlu izincwadi umtapo avunyelwe ngamafuphi Dynamics omuhle - kakade ngo-1936 ku-ezincwadi yayo ukulondoloza mayelana kwesigidi.

Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo emlandweni wama kushe kungenziwa ngokuthi ukuthi esikhathini esifanayo nokuphathwa izikhungo, kwanqunywa ukuba esikhundleni izihlalo ukhululekile futhi ethokomele emakamelweni ukufunda emabhentshini kancane ukhululekile lokhuni. Lokhu Ngokombono wabo, ukusiza ukuze uvale isikhala isikhala ulahlekile, kusukela njalo ngonyaka isibalo izivakashi lwanda inchubekelembili weJiyomethri. Kuze kube manje, umhlangano eSorbonne emsebenzini bokusungula iyona enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni.

Izici yokufunda e-Paris

Kufanele sinake futhi mshini ukugcwaliseka umsebenzi ezemfundo, okuyinto ilingana Sorbonne. Inyuvesi usebenza ngemithetho ehlukene, kuba ngokuphelele ngeke efana isikimu Russian ukuqeqeshwa ukwedlulela abafundi lesikwenta ukulungele esigabeni esilandelayo. Ngokwesibonelo, inkulumo ethi "imfundo ephakeme" in the State French ukuhumusha ngendlela ehlukile. Ukuya eyunivesithi, kumele ube ophethe iziqu ze-bachelor, kuyilapho eRussia ukufezekisa lokhu izinga lemfundo yilo kungenzeka kuphela emva kweminyaka 4-5 esikoleni esiphakeme. Ngokuqhathaniswa ukuqonda umfundi Russian ukuthi iziqu ze-bachelor kuphela likhuluma akuphelele ephakeme imfundo eFrance, okulingana lo mqondo kuyinto licentiate. Izinga okuthiwa wekhono - Maitrise - ingafaniswa Ochwepheshe eRussia. Nokho, kukhona ziqu zeMastazi eFrance. Ngaleyo ndlela kungashiwo cishe lahlukaniswa izinhlobo - okufana classical kokuba uhlelo lokufunda jikelele kanye orientation lochwepheshe.

zefilosofi abadumile baye baphothula Sorbonne

Namuhla, futhi cishe ngemva kweminyaka eyinkulungwane, le Sorbonne kwakubaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni wezwe yemfundo ephakeme e-Europe kanye nomphakathi wonkana jikelele. Ukuvumela yabo amahholo izilaleli futhi kuphela best of the best, wanika esihle bobuchule uyakufanelekela yokuba abantu abaningi abanamakhono. Famous abaphothula University ukuqinisekisa zemfundo isikhungo isu, njengoba isibonelo siqu.

Kuwo wonke amakhulu eminyaka ezisekhona kuze kube kulesi sikhathi samanje amagama elikhulu oluvelele enxusa waphinda ukuthi Sorbonne - University njengabawufanelekele isihloko "kakhulu ehlonishwayo".

asinakusho mayelana uThomas Aquinas phakathi abamele Ephakathi nangeNkathi Yempucuko. UMdali "ubufakazi ezinhlanu ukuba khona iNkosi uNkulunkulu" cishe semfundiso yenkolo edume kunazo sefilosofi isikhathi sakhe. Iziqu Sorbonne, kwaba Umphikisi nekhono lokukhuluma the Christian Church ukukhishwa kwezinqumo nokuzitika.

Yamazwe ngamazwe uhlelo exchange abafundi edumile emhlabeni wonke Erasmus Mundus lethiwa behlonipha omunye izibalo ezinkulu Renaissance - Erasmus.

izibalo Ezivelele yobuciko nezincwadi

Gumilyov Nikolay Stepanovich - omele izinkondlo Russian yasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-20. Izinkathi umbhali amakhulu imisebenzi kwaqondana Isiliva Age of the Empire, Russian. Gumilev Nikolay kwaba umsunguli acmeism esikoleni lapho abadlali babe nezinye izimbongi Russian - abaphothula Sorbonne Paris (Mandelstam, Tsvetaeva). Phakathi abalobi abavelele French laba abamukele idiploma ye-University, umhlaba wonke uyazi mayelana uHonoré de Balzac. Yiba nomthelela obalulekile ukuvela wesikole okwangempela Balzac wasebenza enkathini yesimanje. Umsebenzi wakhe uye washiya uphawu ongenakucimeka wokulingwa on the izincwadi kwekhulu elidlule bebonke, futhi kubonakala ngemisebenzi Dostoevsky, Emilya Zolya , nabanye.

Ngesikhathi zakamuva at ababethweswa iziqu Sorbonne siqhubeke uwine isinyathelo odumo nokuduma. Ngokwesibonelo, abaculi kanye cinema ubuyise ezinhlwini zabo ngumuntu uhlu lwamagama edume kunazo zonke. Andre Breton - imbongi kanye nesazi, labalobi kuqala baye kudalulwe isiqondiso surrealism. Iziqu University of Paris kanye kuyinto Jean-Lyuk Godar. Legendary umqondisi wamabhayisikobho wawubhekwa njengendawo nomuntu enethonya emhlabeni cinema in the 60s kwekhulu elidlule. Syuzen Zontag, futhi iziqu Sorbonne, eyaziwa eYurophu nesifiso salo ukusiza abantu abane-HIV.

ososayensi Omkhulu - zazivela Sorbonne

Paris VI University, ogama lakhe behlonipha ababethweswa iziqu ukuthi ushintshe indlela abantu abaziqonda ngayo ngqo futhi yemvelo yesayensi. Per Kyuri noMarie Sklodowska-Curie, iziqu honours kusukela Sorbonne. Vula emhlabeni ngo-1903 i-radioactivity imfihlo, baba abanikazi uMklomelo KaNobel ngo-1903. Lo mbhangqwana basebenza ndawonye, futhi zonke lesikweletu kubhekwe ezivamile, kodwa owathola le izakhiwo izakhi zamakhemikhali (polonium futhi Radium) ukholwa Maria Sklodowska-Curie.

Omunye zezibalo okukhulu kunakho konke emlandweni Anri Puankare iziqu Sorbonne. Wakwazi baba ngiyabonga elidume zabhalwa "Awetiyori ye-Relativity" futhi "conjecture Poincaré."

Kusukela inyuvesi wavula iminyango abafundi kusuka kuphi emhlabeni, inqubomgomo isikhungo uyasiqonda nobunzima ezivame ukuvela enqubweni yokufunda yonke. Ukujwayela multi-level abafundi lefundo ezivela emazweni ahlukahlukene ukusiza eyinqaba orientation nolwazi izikhungo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kudlule lithathelwe eFrance, sicela uthintane ne-International Centre for abafundi kanye abaqeqeshwayo.

Ukusekela abafundi nothisha esikoleni esiphakeme isobala: minyaka yonke e-Office le Nyuvesi ukusungula engaphezu kwengu-15 imifundaze kubafundi iziqu ngobukhulu franc ayizinkulungwane 80 no-60 ama-franc ukuphumula.