Ubani owasungula i-dynamite? ukuhlaziywa enemininingwane

Isihloko liyakhuluma ngokuphela owasungula i-dynamite, mayelana izakhiwo ketshezi kanye nokusebenzisa kwayo, kungani yashiywa dengwane esivuna nezinye iziqhumane.

ekuqaleni

Njengoba ngokuvamile kwenzeka, ukuthula kokusungulwa asetshenziswa ezindabeni zezempi. Isibonelo esimangalisayo - powder. Ekuqaleni isetshenziswa njengoba egcwele umlilo ngisho izidakamizwa, ngeNkathi Ephakathi lalisetshenziswa izibhamu wokuqala, futhi ngemva - njengendlela yokuthola kokubhubhisa izinqaba namabhuloho.

Kwaze kwaba Engxenyeni kwekhulu XIX yesibili. Yingaleso sikhathi-physics Alfred Nobel wasungula indlela ukuncela nitroglycerin nezinye izinto. Ukuthi nguye owasungula i-dynamite. Kodwa uyini uxhumano phakathi kwakhe glycerol nitrate?

Into wukuthi nitroglycerine ayekade kwemiqondo ngaphambili, futhi kuhlelwe ukuyisebenzisa njengendlela esikhundleni neziqhumane njengoba i isiqhumane, ngoba wawunamandla iyashelela okuningi futhi. Kodwa wabulawa sinazo - a ukuntengantenga monstrously eqinile. Wayengase Ingaqhuma yini - isiteleka, ushintsho lokushisa, umsindo omkhulu, elangeni, njll ...

On umbuzo owasungula i-dynamite, ungakwazi ngokuvamile ukuzwa ephendula indaba ukuthi kwaba ingozi kaNobel. Usosayensi yena waphika leli qiniso. Ngenjongo ibheka izindlela ukudala esitebeleni compounds nitroglycerin, usebenzisa njengenhlangano umswakama (impahla umswakama) namalahle, isitini uthuli, ubumba kanye nokunye. Kodwa imiphumela emihle yabonisa emhlabeni diatomaceous - idwala ekhethekile. Ngemva impregnation nokwesula, glycerol nitrate powder ayinangozi is iguqulwe ibe ezinamandla, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, iziqhumane esitebeleni. Ngakho nalabo owasungula i-dynamite, siyaqonda, kuyinto Alfred Nobel. Kodwa kungani lento uye uthandwa kangaka?

izakhiwo

Umsizi, le kuqhume main kuleyo minyaka kwadingeka eziningi kahle. Omunye wabo - ongaphakeme omlilo isilinganiso, okuholela, isibonelo, ukuze Blast edwaleni, kwakudinga semali, nekghono ongaphakeme etholwe. Alfred uNobel wasungula dynamite njengoba iziqhumane ezintsha, abe namandla angaphezu kuka-zifana neziqhumane, kodwa ivikeleke kakhulu kune-nitroglycerin. Empeleni, zingase afuthwe ngesibulali cishe zonke izinto, ngisho i emhlabathini abavamile, futhi liyoshiswa ihlakulele ikhono qhumisa, kodwa umhlaba diatomaceous yikona okungcono.

Kamuva, ngomzamo yokuthuthukisa izindawo le iziqhumane ezintsha, owazuza indondo wadala lo okuthiwa gelatin ukuqhumisa noma collodion-dynamite, eyayintula isimo gelatinous. Kodwa ikakhulukazi ukusabalala ingemukelwa.

Ngayiphi ngonyaka uNobel wasungula dynamite?

Kunezindlela izinsuku ezimbalwa, kodwa uma sithatha njengesisekelo isikhathi kokuthola lobunikazi, kuba 1867.

Ngemva kokusebenza kwalo alufakwa kwakwandile kakhulu, nokunye ezijatshulelwa izinkampani ezimayini nasembonini yokwakha, ngezinga elincane - amabutho zomhlaba.

Abavukuzi esetshenziswa dynamite njengendlela esikhundleni neziqhumane. Uma kuqhathaniswa naye, wayenamandla kakhulu, kalula Drobil izingqimba okuqinile rock futhi hlala isikhala kancane. Yena wawufana amakhadibhodi tube encane egcwele lapho ukufaka fuses.

Nobel futhi inenhlanhla ukusungula ukukhiqizwa dynamite ngesikhathi esihle. Ngaleyo minyaka, wonke amazwe athuthukile zomhlaba wachitha ukwakhiwa zabo ezinkulu nezimayini, isibonelo, izakhiwo izinto ezintsha bayazisa ekwakhiweni kwezitimela e-US, futhi kamuva - iPanama Canal.

Esikhathini umkhakha lempi ukusebenzisa akuyona okwandile kunanini futhi kwaba nitroglycerin esethembisayo, kodwa namanje kwadingeka propensity kuya detonation ngenxa yokusingatha angenandaba, futhi njengoba yamathebhu ukuze akhe amagobolondo kungahlali. Nokho isikhathi esifushane yasetshenziselwa kanjalo wezikhali emoyeni. Ngakho manje siyazi owasungula futhi aqala ukusetshenziswa dynamite - Alfred Nobel.

yesimanjemanje

Okwamanje, le kuqhume ngokuphelele ukusetshenziswa. Kwathi eminyakeni yokuqala yekhulu XIX, lapho kuthiwa lathathelwa indawo wafika picric acid, bese TNT, iminyaka eminingi baba alufakwa main. Lesi sakamuva abe ezinzile amelana detonation ngephutha. Kungaba ziwashisela ngaphandle kokwesaba.

Nokho dynamite esadlala indima ebalulekile emisebenzini yokwakha ezinkulu kanye nekwakhiwa kwetimboni, igama layo sekube ngasuthi kuyahambisana, futhi ukubukeka zakudala ombonayo.