Umsebenzi wokushintsha kwamandla nokwakheka kwezinto

Isayensi ukuthi etadisha imihlola ezishisayo - kuyinto wokushintsha kwamandla nokwakheka kwezinto. Physics uyibheka njengesibonakaliso omunye izigaba zayo, okuvumela ukuba eziphethweni esekelwe ketshezi uhlobo uhlelo yamangqamuzana ezinto eziphilayo.

Thermodynamics, yencazelo zazo bakhelwe phezu kwesisekelo amaqiniso etholakala empirically, akasebenzisi ulwazi zanqwabelana we kwangaphakathi isakhiwo ndaba. Nokho, kwezinye izimo, isayensi isebenzisa imodeli yamangqamuzana-kinetic zibukeke ukufanekisa ziphetho.

Ukusekelwa wokushintsha kwamandla nokwakheka kwezinto - imithetho jikelele izinqubo ezenzeka ngesikhathi ushintsho of energy ezishisayo, kanye izakhiwo uhlelo macroscopic, okuyinto kubhekwa ngo balance. Lo mkhuba eziphawuleka kakhulu ezenzeka izakhi ezikulesi eziyinkimbinkimbi, kuyinto nokulinganisa izinga lokushisa izici zonke izingxenye zawo.

Umqondo ezibaluleke kakhulu thermodynamic kuyinto amandla angaphakathi, okuyinto unazo umzimba. Ihlala e element. ukuphathwa Yamamolekhula kinetic amandla yangaphakathi ukubaluleka okuyinto isamba umsebenzi kinetic lwama-molecule athomu, kanye amakhono abo ekuxhumaneni phakathi kwazo. Ngakho umthetho, Joule evulekile. isiqinisekiso bakhe beza ucwaningo amaningi. Baye bahluleka yokuthi, ngokukhethekile, igesi ekahle ine amandla yangaphakathi eliphuma umsebenzi kinetic zonke izinhlayiya zayo okuyizinto ngokunyakaza kunezinxushunxushu futhi okungahleliwe ngaphansi kwethonya ukushisa.

Umsebenzi wokushintsha kwamandla nokwakheka kwezinto lishintsha umsebenzi emzimbeni. Umthelela amabutho ezithinta amandla sangaphakathi sohlelo ungaba kokubili emihle nemibi. Ezimweni lapho, isibonelo, gaseous asitholayo inqubo kokucindezelwa okuyinto eyenziwa lapho cylindrical ingcindezi isitsha piston amabutho siphile ngokuvumelana nalo, ukwenza umsebenzi othile, elinesimo ukubaluleka omuhle. Ngasikhathi sinye, okuphambene nalokho okwenzekayo. Negesi senza uthatha isinyathelo piston Unomsebenzi omubi kwenani elifanayo. Izenzo ekhiqizwa izidakamizwa encike ngqo kwi endaweni ekhona piston, ukuthuthela khona, kanye ingcindezi emzimbeni. Umsebenzi wokushintsha kwamandla nokwakheka kwezinto elenziwe gas HIV ngesikhathi nokwanda kwalo futhi kokucindezelwa - ezingezinhle. Inani lale senzo ngokulingana ngqo endleleni lapho ushintsho lwenziwe kwendaba kusukela isikhundla sokuqala kuze kube okokugcina.

Umsebenzi wokushintsha kwamandla nokwakheka kwezinto kwezinto eziqinile futhi uketshezi ungachazwa wokuthi kuncane kakhulu ushintsho ivolumu. Kule ndaba, amabutho umthelela zivame dengwane. Nokho, umphumela ikhomishana ketshezi umsebenzi kungaba ushintsho umsebenzi layo langaphakathi. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho imishini metal izingxenye kukhona nokwanda lokushisa yabo. Leli qiniso liwubufakazi ukukhula eneji yangaphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nqubo awushintsheki, ngenxa yokuthi kunzima ukuba afeze kolunye uhlangothi.
Umsebenzi wokushintsha kwamandla nokwakheka kwezinto libhekisela zalo eziyisisekelo lucobo. nesilinganiso layo kwenziwa Joules. Inani lale inkomba kuyinto encike ngqo kwi ngendlela uhlelo ihamba kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube isimo sokugcina. Lesi senzo asisebenzi imisebenzi isimo umzimba. Kuyinto umsebenzi inqubo.

Umsebenzi wokushintsha kwamandla nokwakheka kwezinto, kwencazelo okuyinto esikulungiselwe amafomula, umehluko phakathi nenani ukushisa ake phansi kubuyiswe esikhathini loop avaliwe. Ubukhulu index incike uhlobo inqubo. Uma uhlelo ilahlekelwa amandla ayo, kusho ukuthi wenza nomphumela omuhle, futhi uma kuvela - alivumi.