Iphuzu esisenyakatho kunazo zonke i-Eurasia yayigcwele - Cape Chelyuskin

Umnikelo lezihambi Russian emlandweni omkhulu okutholakele ezindawo ukuthi uhlobo baphoqeleka ukuba, ngoba leli zwe we Urals lobulungu umbuso zaziyiqiniso "Terra Incognita". Esikhathini izikhala enkulu enyakatho sezulu elibuhlungu Arctic akunakwenzeka ukuthi kwakuyintando zokuhlala unomphela, kanye iphuzu esenyakatho-Eurasia yayigcwele yafinyelelwa kuphela sibonga isibindi esikhulu kanye komuzwa wesibopho wabahloli Russian.

Kusukela Indian-Arctic

Eurasia - ezwekazini, okuyinto oluthatha ngaphezu wesithathu ndawo inani elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni. Waphila kwaze kwafika futhi iningi esintwini. Kodwa uma eningizimu yezwekazi lase elitholakala izindawo eminyene, esifundeni circumpolar Arctic - elikhulu eliyincithakalo ehlane ezineqhwa.

Lapho ukushisa eningizimu odlulela zonke izinto eziphilayo ngenxa yamagagasi amakhulu efudumele kwe-Indian Ocean, nje polar bear uzizwa ukhululekile e amaza olwandle lomunye - Arctic, okuyinto ekhishwe iphuzu esisenyakatho kunazo zonke i-Eurasia yayigcwele - Cape Chelyuskin.

Omkhulu Northern Expedition

Ekupheleni 1732 ekuthatheni isinyathelo omkhulu wamazwe Russian Vitus Bering belungiselela lo mkhankaso wethulwa, kamuva wathola igama North Omkhulu. amaqembu amahlanu lezihambi kwakufanele uhlole ogwini isiRashiya ababevela soMfula Pechora ogwini of Japan. Yahlala izixhumanisi ezingaziwa iphuzu enyakatho Eurasia. I lamatshwayo Umkhawulo wama-Arctic Ocean ayesezibhebheni amakhadi ngesikhathi eseduze - esifundeni ezinkulukazi Arctic wahlala endaweni elingenalutho for the geography Russian futhi izwe.

Kusukela Yelena kuya Taimyr

Enye yezindawo ezinzima kunazo - kusuka emlonyeni Yelena kuya Taimyr - got ihlukane aholwa Vasiliya Pronchischeva. Wathatha isinyathelo ezindaweni cishe ushiyiwe, lapho kwakukhona khona sabantu bomdabu. The main uhambo umkhumbi - ngomkhumbi futhi ukugwedla-isikebhe dubel (ie ngokuphindwe kabili kwalokhu lezo ayenendawo yempi, ubude - .. 20 m) "Yakutsk" - olwembiza yiqhwa, ngemuva kwalokho washona Pronchishchev uLieutenant nomkakhe. Lolu hambo baqhubeka ngezigaba ezintathu, ukuhambisa kusezweni elomile. ezindaweni eziqhelelene ababili ngokuphumelelayo nenselele cwaningo kanye namabalazwe ezindaweni enyakatho yogu.

Omunye lamabutho wayalwa Chariton Laptev, abanye Usufike iphuzu esisenyakatho kunazo zonke i-Eurasia yayigcwele - itilosi dubel-isikebhe "Yakutsk" Amalotha Ivanovich Chelyuskin. Isibongo umkhuzi lokuqala nomzala wakhe wasala igama circumpolar yoLwandle Laptev, igama Chelyuskin Ngempela kwakuyisikhathi legend.

East North Cape

Kanye ngekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili e kude izilwandle ezinkulu Tula esizayo, umkhuzi wamabutho asolwandle ozalwa, egama layo linguJehova ngokwedlulele kunazo iphuzu enyakatho ezintaba zase-Eurasia, ngiwavule engamashumi amane kamuva. Lezizifundo, ndawonye esikoleni eMoscow wezibalo lokuzula, evulekile ngomyalo wabaholi umsunguli ngoxhaxha Russian - Peter mina, futhi inkonzo oLwandle iBaltic olingana Itilosi umsizi.

Ngu-oda lwabagulayo V. Pronchischeva, ayenakho umyalo "Yakutsk" futhi kususe ice ethuthuka at umlomo emifuleni yaseSiberia. Ocwaningweni, esisogwini olusentshonalanga Taimyr, ebekubanjwe lamabutho eliholwa Chelyuskin kwaba ngokunembile kuze kube manje engakaze ibonwe kuboniswa ugu, kanye Meyi 7, 1742 bafika ongaphakeme itshe lenhlonhlo, sona sasungula amanye lighthouse amphathele naye kusukela izingodo namatshe eziqoqiwe.

Ngale kwale ndawo akekho oweza. Kubalwa nobude -77 ° 43'00 "nge. w. 104 ° 18'00 "a. d. Cheliuskin ngobumnene waletha encwadini yakhe yezenzakalo zosuku, echaza Eastern Northern Cape. Lawa kwakungamadodana izixhumanisi iphuzu enyakatho Eurasia. Kodwa kwacaca kamuva kakhulu, lapho imiphumela bomkhankaso okucutshungulwe e Russian Umphakathi Geographical.

Indoda isikebhe

uhambo Landelayo safinyelela enhla nenyakatho Taimyr emva kweminyaka eyikhulu namashumi kuphela. Yokudumisa feat ikhuluminyaka bomkhankaso Omkhulu laseSiberia eMpumalanga-North Cape - iphuzu esisenyakatho kunazo zonke i-Eurasia yayigcwele - ke Yaphinde yaqanjwa ngokuthi i -Cape Chelyuskin.

Igama itilosi edume wathola ngo-1932 umkhumbi combi, ngokukhethekile eyakhelwe navigation eqhweni kule shipyards waseDenmark. "Chelyuskin" kwakufanele athathe kusukela soMfula Yelena ukuba Vladivostok, t. Ukuze. Ubuholi Soviet lagxila ngokukhethekile ekuthuthukiseni eNyakatho Ekude neMpumalanga Ekude.

Chelyuskinskaya Saga

Swimming, kwaba ukuqala navigation Arctic, yaqala Agasti 2, 1933, futhi ngo-September 1 ngesitimu Chelyuskin safinyelela Cape - iphuzu enyakatho Eurasia. Ngesikhathi Kudume ukuthi yakhiwa esiteshini polar nge Observatory, eyayiholwa edume ID Papanin.

izenzakalo Eminye okukhulu sewenze igama umkhumbi, futhi nalo igama polar co-umshayeli, edume umhlaba. Esikhathini Sea amaChukchi, umkhumbi wawuvalwe yiqhwa futhi waqala ukukhukhuleka ukuze iBering Strait. 13 Februwari ngonyaka 1934, "Chelyuskin" waphonseka kwalasha ezineqhwa, akakwazanga ukumelana nokucindezelwa ubungako ice. Abesilisa imishini, wapha ngaphambili i floe ice, waqala ukuthandana operation ukubahlenga.

Cape ivuliwe ukuphela polar we Taimyr. Kuyinto iphuzu esisenyakatho kunazo zonke i-Eurasia yayigcwele, elise ensimini ka eRussia, ngakho esiteshini polar, sise Cape Chelyuskin, wadlala indima ebalulekile ekwenzeni lula ukuxhumana phakathi kweenqhema msebenzi. Kwaphela izinyanga ezimbili, bonke abantu - kubantu 104 - ayesezibhebheni izindiza asuswe epaki ice. Udumo malube nobuqhawe wabahloli polar nama-pilot kwaba kumnandi, bandisa kwakungamadodana Heroes wokuqala weSoviet Union, igama Chelyuskinites wayazi lonke lelo zwe - kusukela komncane kuya ezinkulu.

namuhla Arctic

Russia yanamuhla isimemezele ukubaluleka izimfuno zawo ezonini Arctic. Umthetho ezibonakalayo indawo e-Arctic, ukutshala ocwaningweni olwenziwa umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu. Iphuzu esisenyakatho kunazo zonke i-Eurasia yayigcwele futhi uthola indawo yayo kulezi zinhlelo. Ucwaningo Station eCape Chelyuskin ngokuziqhathanisa nenkathi yamaSoviet yayiya, kodwa umsebenzi wakhe uyaqhubeka, okusho ukuthi la maphayona lemihlatshelo Arctic neze yize.