Oprichnik - ubani lo? Akwaziwa emlandweni we nonogada

wekuba sive Russian egcina izinyathelo eziningi eziyinkimbinkimbi, ngezinye izikhathi igama elilodwa kwakukubi ngaphezu kwenye. I Creepy kakhulu futhi kumnyama inkathi emlandweni Russia, izazi-mlando eziningi shayela iminyaka le oprichnina. Oprichnik - uyinganekwane, noma wake waba khona ngempela? Lezi zinceku eNgophezukonke waya amahemuhemu esabekayo, ethi ababona abantu ngaso sonke, ezilo kwangempela "amademoni inyama." Ngakho lokho ongayisho izikhonzi angobani ngempela nokuthi kungani ukhulume kukhona izindaba scary ngempela?

izinyathelo ngeshwa

Oprichnina ukubukeka kwandulelwe uchungechunge lwezenzakalo emibi eMoscow. Muscovy ngaleso sikhathi wahola olunegazi Livonian neMpi. ukungqubuzana Livonian - lokhu ingenye yezinkampani ezinkulu lempi ngekhulu XVI aseBaltic esifundeni, okuyinto zazizinkulu, abanethonya kulezo zindawo isimo - Muscovy, Grand Duchy of Lithuania, uMbuso Sweden, uMbuso Denmark. Ngo-January 1558 eMoscow yahlasela Livonia. Ekuqaleni, inkampane eyayinazo alethwe amasosha Russian Ivanu Groznomu eziningi zokunqoba abalulekile zanqotshwa Narva, Dorpat nezinye emadolobheni nase madolobhaneni amaningi e aseBaltic.

Ezimweni empi

Sekuyiminyaka eyisikhombisa, isimo Russian aqhubeka impi olunegazi futhi obabayo isimo Livonian. UMbusi hhayi nje uPetru Ngangifuna "ukuvula iwindi eYurophu". Ivan Grozny , futhi, wanquma ithe "i" kuyi-nezinkinga ezibonakala kwaphakade emnothweni Russian. Ukuqala emkhankasweni wempi kwakuhluke kakhulu ngempumelelo eRussia. Ngemva inqotshwa kabuhlungu yi-naseLithuania wabalekela Ulla-Chief amabutho Russian. Mayelana isimo Ivan Grozny azikutholi isimo umthetho karate, udala isakhiwo oprichnichestva isimo.

Ukukhetha esiqinile

Nakuba amandla leli lizwe uJesu akabanga nje inkosi, kunqubomgomo basekhaya nabamazwe angaphandle ukuthonywa izinduna, ayehlukaniswe Slots eziyisishiyagalombili - ngokungenzi isihlobo kanye isabelo. Akekho kubo wayesebenzela ezinhle ezweni lakubo, yebo, izintela ifakwa esikhwameni sakhe. On isigqila ngezinye izikhathi ngaba nkosi ezimbili amakhosi asendulo. Kuphela izikhulu Yaroslavl, kwakukhona ngaleso sikhathi mayelana ayisishiyagalombili. Zonke lezi zikhulu akazange abe penny endaweni yengcebo kuka kakhulu kwabathukuthelisa le Tsar Russian. Njengoba kuleli zwe, futhi zonke izinkinga onazo ngakho, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi impi ibambene, le nkosi, kwakudingeka ukuxazulula inkinga amakhosi asendulo. Ngo 1565, u-Ivan Grozny Januwari 3 yamemezela ukuthi liyawulahla ngenxa ukuthukuthelela izicukuthwane. Ngemva simemezelo ezishaqisayo ezinjalo, izinkulungwane zabantu zibuthene, futhi waya enkosini ukumncenga ukuba ubuyele kwesihlalo sobukhosi waphinda ukuhola izwe. Kakade kwenyanga kamuva lo Tsar Russian wamemezela ukuthi ubuyele umthetho, kodwa ilungelo ajezise boyars ngaphandle kokugwetjwa, intela kubo, wawubaphuca impahla yabo. Zonke lonke isimo wayezonikela zemshchina. Ukuze konke lokhu wanezela ukuthi ungena oprichnina zwe. Kule nkulumo wachaza ukuthi akhonjwe boyars ezithile, onobhala zabantu kanye servicemen. Ngakho-ke oprichnik - umuntu amandla athile kanye ofeza oda yenkosi ngqo. Iqukethe oprichnina walayela ezinye amadolobha Veliky Ustyug, Vologda, Suzdal, Vyazma, Kozelsk, Medyn nabanye.

Ingqikithi yalo oprichnina

Oprichnik - umuntu wathatha phezu umsebenzi induku umbani, zibancishe isikhulu amandla, uJehova amakhosi asendulo endaweni ethile. Ivan Grozny isinyathelo ngobuqili kakhulu, ngaleyo ndlela lokubulala izinyoni ezimbili ngetshe elilodwa. Yena bancishwa nangobudlova nabakhulu wanika emazweni asele yanqoba emazweni aseBaltic. Oprichnik incazelo - "umuntu usesimweni yenkosi phakathi kwababusi nabasekeli bakhe."

black Guard

Oprichnik - unogada siqu yenkosi, eyayibonakala waqoqa amadoda hhayi kuphela avuthiwe, kodwa futhi izingane boyars ', nabakhulu akhethwe. Isimo esiyinhloko lapho Ukukhetha kwenziwa, kwaba ukungabi ahlobene, igazi ubuhlobo yizicukuthwane umlingisi yezikhulu. Konke kuyadingeka Ivan Grozny esuka kubantu babo - kungcono kokulalela ngokungathandabuzi. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi oprichnik kwenqubomgomo yasekhaya. Okusho kwathiwa kugxilwe kancane futhi kuthi akufane nokwenzeka umsebenzi amabutho ezikhethekile esikhathini sethu.

ukulwa izibhelu

Njengoba izikhulu ezazingaphansi kwawo kimi ukulwa izigqila (iviyo amasosha egade izithakazelo yomnikazi), ewumdweshu we wohlanga olukhulu endabeni ka neze. Lapha futhi kukhona "Black Rider" - oprichnik. Incazelo yegama elithi sanikeza kancane ephakeme. Ekuqaleni imisebenti yayo empeleni ekuqiniseni amandla united yenkosi kanye nokubulala labo ungavumelani. Avame wachazwa ngokuthi abantu ngobugwala futhi ngidelelekile. Kodwa akubona bonke zinjalo, kwakukhona abanye ojenene ezinhle nezinduna phakathi nonogada. Kube icala: ukuthunjwa Livonian idolobha ibutho iphansi kwesandla sika-Prince Tyufyakina wawa ngaphandle inqaba nokuqala "ukuphikisana" ukwenqena niqhubeke kulokhu kuhlasela izaba njalo Kuyicasulile lokhu inkosi, wathuma nonogada, eyabonisa le isimemezelo sasebukhosini esithinta asuswe umyalo yebutho Tyufyakina futhi abasizi, futhi waqala ukuhola amabutho ekuhlaseleni okuvamile.

ikhanda Inja futhi umshanelo

izazi-mlando zanamuhla zichaza yabalindi siqu yenkosi singalendlela. Umuntu owembethe zonke ezimnyama, nge eyibophele ikhanda sehhashi pesey kanye umshanelo ngemuva. Shona lwalubonisa ukuthi nonogada asemancane ehogela out amambuka futhi ashanele ke nge umshanelo. Lokhu akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele. Yebo, oprichnik eyayigqoke ijazi elimnyama njengoba kwakumelwe uhlobo oda nokugqoka ngokufanele. Mayelana ingcuba - umbhedo ephelele, ngosuku olushisayo elekhanda elinqunywe akuyona ikakhulukazi sicacelwe. Ngokokuqala ngqá lolu lwazi babevela abezinye izizwe ababeza, cishe, wahosha isifaniso nge izindela Dominicans, kwaba uphawu Order of ikhanda inja obabuhlobise emasangweni sezindela. Kungani inhloko inja? Dominicans bazibiza izinja lweNkosi. Njengalezi nonogada, ngamacala (ngokumelene Ukholo), futhi mhlawumbe lokhu kwaba isizathu okuvela isifaniso ezinjalo. A umshanelo kwakungelona ncamashi umshanelo. Ngenxa uphawu bengabakaJehova le lombhalo we nonogada inkosi ekhethiwe sika egqoka yibhande uvolo ibhulashi - umshanelo libhubhisa umbuso.

amaqiniso Hard

Phakathi oprichnina wabulala abantu abaningi bathi kangakanani - ngokuqinisekile ngeke kwenzeke kuze kube manje. Oprichnik - kungcono umbulali, iphutha lapho wabulala okungenani abantu abangaba 6000. Kuyinto lesi sibalo ubiza Skrynnikov mlando.

I nonogada

Lezo ezineminyaka engu-esabekayo ziye libhekene eziningi njengoba isikhathi yokucindezelwa kanye kobushiqela. Futhi-ke, kukhona nonogada odume kunabo bonke izenzo zabo kakhulu.

Fedor Basmanov - indodana Alexei Danilovich nonogada. Mayelana Fedor waya inzwabethi ukuthi yena ayethanda Ivana Groznogo, ngokukhethekile, ubheke izindaba zabantu abangabezinye izizwe. Iveza kuhlasela Tatar ku Ryazan. Ngo-1569 Oprichny wayala amasosha eningizimu yezwe. Yena yanikezelwa.

Malyuta Skuratov - oprichnik, villain main, ngikutholile isidlaliso yayo ngoba kwesiqu encane. Wayengumuntu inhloko yabangamashumi oprichnina. Waqala inkambo yakhe ne isikhundla aphansi, kodwa ngenxa yonya yayo, ifinyelele phezulu kakhulu. Adumileyo Ngithande ukuqhuba imibuzo inkanuko. Wayengumuntu killer ezingaphezu kuka oprichnik. Kushone isinyathelo 1573.

Athanasius Vyazemsky - omunye oprichnik abadumile. Kwadingeka isimo olukhethekile inkosi, bathi ngisho ukuthi kwaba ozithandayo Ivana Groznogo futhi ngajabulela ukuzethemba angenamkhawulo. It sasinamandla kangangokuthi imithi okulungiselelwe udokotela siqu Kubi Lenseem inkosi kuphela ezandleni Afanasiya Vyazemskogo. Ezikhathini yokucindezelwa okukhulu Vyazemskij nge Malyuta Skuratov ephethwe i nonogada. Waqeda khona kwakhe kwasemhlabeni Vyazemskij ngesikhathi sokuhlushwa, osolwa ngokuchema nezitha Russian kanye unesifiso sokudlulisela Pskov Lithuania.

Mihail Temryukovich Cherkassky - Prince. Ngo Muscovy wangena 1556. Ukuthobela intando kayise, wabhapathizwa waba omunye wezikhulu. Michael oprichnik baba sibonga umkhankaso wawo okhazimulayo ngokumelene AmaTatar noDade Maria, okuyinto lifana ngayo Tsar Ivan le Kubi. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile isikhulu Cherkassky baba nethonya ngokwaneleko egcekeni Tsar eMoscow.

Ngokusemthethweni phakathi nonogada Michael Cherkasky wayebizwa ngo-September 1567. Yena, njengazo zonke izibalo ebalulekile unogada yenkosi siqu, wahlanganyela ngenkuthalo sokuhlushwa Messrs Monarch angalungile. Ngo-May Cherkassy wabulawelwa ukuphinga nezinsolo, futhi omunye version evamile eyokuthi ngisho ebethelwa.