Makhnovshchina - kuyinto anarchism noma ukuphanga?

Makhnovshchina - ukunyakaza ngesikhathi kulwiwa, imibono zazo izici anarchism. Igama livela negama lomholi we izidlamlilo - Nestor Makhno. Emlandweni kulwiwa, sibalo Nestor Makhno matasa indawo ekhethekile, lokhu iqhawe wasenganekwaneni, futhi izincwadi olusemthethweni ngokucijile sibalo engakhi isitha, owenza zezombusazwe, lomphangi. Lezi zindlela musa sukuma ukugxekwa, ukungabi ukujula eyanele, sina obubhalwe namaphuzu. Baye wadala umfanekiso olungafanele akukhona nje umuntu oyedwa kodwa wonke izenzakalo zokuphila yomphakathi, ezifana Makhnovshchina ngesikhathi kulwiwa.

Lapho ukunyakaza wazalwa Nestor Makhno?

Umsuka kubhekwe njengento 1918. Makhnovshchina ngesikhathi kulwiwa waba portrait ethile emphakathini. Amabutho ayengaphansi kokuqondisa kobuholi Makhno Waya eningizimu Katerinoslavshchina abalimi, ngubani iqhaza ukusungulwa kwamandla Soviet e-Ukraine engxenyeni yokuqala ka-1919. Cishe kwakungalesi sikhathi imisebenzi yabo futhi wabhekisela kule ncwadi. Khona-ke indlela Makhnovists kanye iRed Army waqala washintsha okwengeziwe futhi eminye. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, Amavukelambuso ethile yafeza indima ebalulekile e kokunqotshwa Denikin, Wrangel bese.

Nestor Makhno - umhleli abanamakhono

Emzabalazweni wokulwa nezitha zika-Revolution, Nestor Makhno wazibonisa umhleli abanamakhono futhi yasekuqaleni yabashokobezi nomyali. Ngaphansi kwesandla sakhe, ngezinye izikhathi ezithile united amashumi ezinkulungwane abalimi.

At inhliziyo umehluko phakathi Makhnovists futhi iziphathimandla zaseSoviet walala kwenqatshwa Inqubomgomo abantukazana "impi ubukhomanisi", kanye imibono ehlukeneko yezinto amaBolshevik futhi izidlamlilo ku indzima yembuso ekwakhiweni zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni. Ngemva ukwethulwa inqubomgomo entsha kwezomnotho seningi abalimi kwesokunxele amabutho Makhno. Makhnovshchina - inkolo yaqala ukuthola uhlamvu kwamaqembu ezigebengu zezombusazwe. Ngokusobala, lokhu futhi wenza Makhno, owayeneminyaka emagalelweni njalo iRed Army, ukuyeka eminye elwa ngo-August 1921 ukuze bawele umngcele nge Romania.

Ithonya Lako Nestor Mahno ukunyakaza anarchistic

Echoes imibono yakhe zingatholakala ku Makhnovshchina. Lokhu ukuhamba isibe uhlobo "brainchild" ka Nestor Makhno. Abashokobezi ngokuvamile ngokuthi akukho okunye "baba."

Lesi sihloko sihlubuki wayeziqhenya futhi ngokuvamile ubhalisele emabhukwini omphakathi.

Ekupheleni kuka-1918 Nestor Makhno wakwazi zibuswe umyalo wakhe iningi namaqembu avukelayo ezisebenza kule ndawo. Ekupheleni 1918, Nestor Makhno, kanye ibutho laseSoviet olwenziwa operation kwakwakhiwa ukuyokudla Ekaterinoslav, kodwa impumelelo yaba ngeyesikhashana. Idolobhana kwadingeka ukuba uzikhonze balahlekelwa kakhulu.

Nestor Makhno futhi uhulumeni wamaSoviet

Ngo-February 1919, isivumelwano entry zempi yakhe esasayinwa abasebenzi Nestora Mahno elibomvu Zadneprovski Division njengoba 3rd Brigade Zadneprovski. Makhnovshchina - inkolo zihlukaniswa isibindi zempi namabutho we Entente nomhlophe entwasahlobo ka 1919. Zazike zaboshwa Mariupol. Kodwa phakathi kwabavukeli amaBolshevik kunomehluko elibukhali nezindaba ngemibono. Makhno ayikwazanga ayasiqaphela isimiso uMuammar yesigaba sabasebenzi kanye "impi ubukhomanisi", ikakhulukazi insalela kanye komphakathi wezolimo. Lezi ukuphikisana babé kwayibhebhethekisa ngamandla ikakhulukazi entwasahlobo ka-1919, kwaholela ekumangaleleni mutual baba yisikhubekiso ebuhlotsheni ngemva Trotsky umkhankaso emzabalazweni kumelwene nombuso "engabandlululi" ngaphambili Ukraine.

Indima ukunyakaza anarchist e kokunqotshwa kwe A.Denikin ibutho

Ngo-August 1919, Nestor Makhno ememezela ukusungulwa wempi wamavukelambuso mbuso ka-Ukraine. Ukuzama kwakhe abangu udzimelela ekulweni Denikin, ngaleso sikhathi wathatha phezu iningi Ukraine, futhi lokho kwaholela okuhlaselayo Phumelela ku Moscow. Ngo-September Makhno angena umfelandawonye yesikhathi esifushane kanye Army Ukrainian Yabantu Republic ku nobumbano ngokumelene Denikin. Empini ye Peregonovka eduze Uman Makhnovists waphula isibili isikhulu emashalofini mhlophe, khona-ke athelekela okusheshayo e ezingemuva mhlophe eningizimu ye-Ukraine, ngaleso sikhathi e Ekwindla ka-1919 cishe asihlelekile nhlobo nhlobo kubo. Makhno phakathi nalesi sikhathi ngiwuthumbile umuzi Aleksandrovsk, Berdyansk, AMANINGI, Nikopol, Mariupol, Melitopol. Lokhu kuneqiniso elibalulekile ophoqelelwe engcono abakhwele amahhashi amayunithi Jikelele A. Denikin sika asuswe kwamaBolshevik phambi abaphonse izihlubuki. Lokhu, wavumela obomvu ukumisa ngaphambi Anton Denikin, futhi isimo ukuze zihambelane nabo. Kodwa ngalesi sikhathi ubuhlobo agcwele nge red Makhno kuhlulekile.

Uma Denikin ingozi iye unqobe, Red Army kusukela ngoJanuwari 1920 kwaholela ukulwa ukubhubhisa Makhnovist. Ehlobo lika-1920 wenza wokugcina 3 ahlasela Kwesokunxele-Bank Ukraine, ngokuvamile, breaking amamayela 1400. Ekwindla ka-1920, iseluleko yasetshenziselwa futhi Makhno empini nge ibutho Jikelele Wrangel. Makhnovist abakhwele amahhashi atheleka ku ezingemuva ezimhlophe, bahlanganyela Ukunqamula ukuzivikela Sivash futhi Perekop ukwa futhi Yushuni. Ngokushesha ngemva bamba eCrimea obomvu ekusithekeni esiqinile umkhankaso operation entsha okubhubhisa lawo mambuka.

Makhnovshchina, ngonyaka sokudalwa okungase okuthiwa 1918, kuye kwaba nethonya ophawulekayo endleleni izenzakalo kulwiwa ensimini ka-Ukraine.