Isimo olubonakalayo Sealand (ubukhulu) - microstate esikhungweni sokumba sogu lolwandle eNorth Sea

Yiliphi izwe luncane? Abaningi bayokuthi iVatican. Nokho, amakhilomitha ayishumi evela ogwini Great Britain iyisimo ezincane ezizimele - Sealand. Ubukhulu itholakala isiteji sogu lolwandle esishiywe dengwane.

prehistory

Ipulatifomu Rafs Tower ( "Tower of hooligans" e ukuhumusha kusuka English) yayakhiwe ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili. Ukuze azivikele ekuhlaseleni amaNazi ngasogwini Great Britain yasungulwa ezisekelweni eziningana ezinjalo. Babeye elise isibhamu, anti-aircraft uhlelo, okuyinto kuqashwe, akhonzwa amasosha 200.

Ipulatifomu Rafs Tower, kamuva owaba i-indawo ngokomzimba ukuthi wathatha isimo virtual, itholakala ngamakhilomitha ayishumi avela emlonyeni iThames. Amanzi indawo yaseBrithani yabhujiswa ngamakhilomitha amahlanu ukusuka ogwini. Ngakho, yesikhulumi yayinkulu emanzini omhlaba. Ngemva kwempi, izikhali zonke izinqaba yawa, yesikhulumi iseduze ogwini, - ubhujiswe. A Rafs umbhoshongo wahlala eyihlane.

Esikhathini 60s last radiopiraty ekhulwini saqala ngenkuthalo ukuhlola emanzini asogwini of England. Roy Beyts, enkulu umhlalaphansi wamabutho aseBrithani, wayengomunye wabo. esiteshini sakhe sokuqala Umsakazo Umsakazo Essex esehlela phezu kwepulatifomu ezahlukene, nokuxoshwa nozakwabo. Nokho, ngo-1965 yena waba bahlawuliswa ngokwephula umthetho ku telegraphy engenantambo, futhi kwadingeka ukuba bathole indawo entsha esiteshini.

Ndawonye nomngane Ronan O'Rahilli Major wanquma ukuthatha Rafs Tower nokwakhela inkundla epaki lokuzijabulisa. Nokho, ngokushesha abangane waba ziwa noRoy Beyts basungula platform yabo. Waze ilungelo umvikela ngezikhali ezandleni zabo.

Umlando sokudalwa

Umqondo kunepaki kuhlulekile. Kodwa futhi lokuphinda umsakazo Bates wahluleka, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi yenza ukuba bonke nezinto ezidingekayo. Iqiniso lokuthi umthetho waqala ukusebenza ngo-1967, okwenza kube i yezokusakaza icala, kuhlanganise emanzini hlangothi. Manje, ngisho indawo yesikhulumi ayikwazanga ukuyisiza Bates kusukela kushushiswa nguhulumende.

Kodwa kuthiwani uma amanzi uzoma ukuba angathathi hlangothi? Thina umhlala ezinkulu sekukhona crazy, Uma unganakile, umbono - ukumemezela isiteji isimo esihlukile. Septhemba 2, 1967 isiteji wezempi wangaphambili wamemezela geqe wawuqamba Sealand, futhi wathi ungabantu abayiqembu abaphethe izwe elisha, Prince Roy Bates I. Ngakho, umkakhe waba Duchess noJowana I.

Yiqiniso, uRoy ekuqaleni wafunda emthethweni wamazwe omhlaba, wathi kuzo izazimthetho. Kwavela ukuthi isenzo ezinkulu uyalithola ngempela kube nzima inselelo enkantolo. isimo Souped Sealand has insimu ngokomzimba, nakuba amancane - 0.004 kuphela amakhilomitha square.

Kulokhu, ukwakhiwa kwendawo yesikhulumi usemthethweni ngokuphelele. Lowo Mbhalo wangonyaka we unqabela ukwakhiwa okunjalo, uvele kuphela in the 80s. Futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo yesikhulumi ingaphandle endaweni ethile ye-Britain, futhi uhulumeni akakwazanga ngokomthetho ahlukanisa ke.

Ubudlelwano neBrithani

Emanzini indawo ye-England ayemathathu ngaphezulu ezisekelweni enjalo. Kunoma ikuphi, uhulumeni wanquma ukuqeda kubo. Platform ziye yasha. Omunye imikhumbi Navy BakaJehova ababenomusa ngayo ekufezeni lo msebenzi, wabhukuda waphumela ngaphandle Sealand. namatilosi omkhumbi wathi lokhu platform sizobhujiswa maduze. Khona-ke abantu ubukhulu iphendule inhlamvu yesixwayiso emoyeni.

Roy Beyts obeyisakhamuzi British. Ngakho-ke, ngokushesha nje lapho Major wangenela ogwini, waboshwa ngamacala nesibhamu esingekho kwezikhali. Prince ngokumelene Bates Ukuqulwa kwecala kwaqala. Septhemba 2, 1968 Essex ijaji lakhipha isinqumo esiyingqopha-mlando:-ke wanquma ukuthi udaba ngaphandle endaweni ethile ye-UK. Leli qiniso waba uphawu olusemthethweni ukuthi iBrithani wabeka emalungelo yayo endaweni yesikhulumi.

Icebo lika lokuzama

Ngo-August 1978 kuleli zwe cishe kwaba ukuvukela uMbuso. Phakathi umbusi wombuso by Roy Bates kanye umelekeleli bakhe abaseduze, Bala Alexander Gottfried Achenbach, kwaphakama ingxabano ngenxa yomgomo abatshali zimali angaphandle lizwe. Abesilisa asolana izinhloso anti-eyakhelwe ngaphezu komthethosisekelo.

Lapho Prince waya Austria ukwenza izingxoxo abangafaka imali emabhizinisini abo, Count wanquma ukuthatha amandla yesikhulumi. Ngaleso sikhathi endaweni Sealand kwaba kuphela Michael (Michael) Mina Bates, indodana ka uRoy indlalifa yesihlalo sobukhosi. Achenbach, kanye Amasosha amaningana ethumba emsamo, futhi isikhulu abasha ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zigcinwa endaweni gumbi elingenamafasitela. Ngemva kwalokho, uMichael wayiswa zaseNetherlands, lapho umsebenzi wakwazi ukubaleka.

Ngokushesha uRoy Michael behlangana futhi bakwazi ukubuyela amandla on a yesikhulumi. Amasosha kanye Achenbach bathunjwa. Indlela yokubhekana abantu abaye bafaka engozini Sealand? Ubukhulu iyilandele ngokugcwele kwezinkambiso komthetho wamazwe omhlaba. I-Geneva Convention on iziboshwa Amalungelo impi uthi zonke iziboshwa kufanele adedelwe emva ukumisa impi.

Amasosha ngokushesha ikhishwe. Kodwa Achenbach wabekwa icala ngokuzama a etat Ukuketulwa yimithetho ye ubukhulu. Walahlwa ngecala wagqunywa ejele futhi wasusa kuyo yonke izikhundla zikahulumeni. Kusukela mkhapheli isakhamuzi eJalimane, isiphelo sayo balithanda amandla eJalimane. Britain wenqaba ukuba angenelele odabeni ingxabano.

Omele olusemthethweni German ufike ku Sealand ukuxoxa nge Prince Roy. Ngenxa yalokho yokungenela lo ohlakaniphile German Achenbach ukhululiwe.

uhulumeni emthethweni

Yini elandelayo uhlaziyo Achenbach emva umzamo kuhlulekile ukuyokudla Sealand? Manje ubukhulu bekulokhu ayitholakali kuye. Ababekade Earl aqhubeka alwele amalungelo awo, ngisho ihlelwe kokudingiswa uhulumeni-in-ka Sealand. Wabuye uzishaya usihlalo we uMkhandlu yangasese.

Germany Asiqaphelanga zamanxusa isimo Achenbach, futhi ngo-1989 waboshwa. Njengoba inhloko uhulumeni emthethweni Sealand Johannes wathatha Zayger, owayengungqongqoshe ngokubambisana kwezomnotho.

ukunwetshwa ensimini

Ngo-1987, Sealand (ubukhulu), uye wanda kakhulu amanzi awo indawo. Wathi lokhu isifiso Septhemba 30, futhi ngosuku olulandelayo leyo nkulumo senziwa yi-United Kingdom. Ngokuhambisana nomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe uphikise indawo zasolwandle lihlukaniswe ngokulinganayo phakathi ezimbili uthi.

Njengoba yiziphi izivumelwano phakathi kwamazwe kuleli phuzu, ne-United Kingdom asizange izitatimende ukuthi Sealand uhulumeni babhekwa uphikise indawo sihlukene phakathi ngokusho namazinga amazwe omhlaba.

Lokhu kwaholela ekubeni yisehlakalo esithusayo. Ngo-1990, kuya ogwini ubukhulu wasondela ngokungemthetho umkhumbi British. Izakhamuzi wenza Sealand wadubula isixwayiso emoyeni.

ipasipoti

Ngo-1975, isimo virtual waqala ngokukhipha passport ayo, kuhlanganise nawo. Kodwa igama elihle Sealand ukuthi bayihlazisa, lapho uhulumeni emthethweni ekudingisweni ukubamba iqhaza ezinkulu esibhekene nezwe. Ngo-1997, Interpol waqala ukufuna umsuka omningi imibhalo inkohliso kusolakala ekhishwe Sealand.

Passport, amalayisense ukushayela, amadiploma semfundo ephakeme, kanye namanye amaphepha emvume ababethengiswe izakhamuzi Hong Kong, i-Russia, e-United States kanye namazwe aseYurophu. Ngokusho zokuwabona, abantu baye bazama ukweqa umngcele, ukuvula i-akhawunti ebhange, ukuthenga isibhamu. Sealand nohulumeni wayenikeza abantu usizo ukuze uphenyo. Ngemva kwalesi sehlakalo, konke ama-passport, kuhlanganise nalezo ezikhishwa zomthetho ngokuphelele, yasuswa futhi saqedwa.

SoMthethosisekelo, izimpawu isimo, zohulumeni

Kwake kwathi ngo-1968, iBrithani waqaphela ukuthi Sealand ingaphandle ngaphansi komthetho, abakhileyo wanquma ukuthi kwakuyilo a de empeleni waba ukuqashelwa wokuzibusa. lesizwe, flag and elingenamikhono izingalo - Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-7, ngo-1975, izimpawu isimo zenzelwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo uMthethosisekelo ukhululiwe, okubandakanya esethulweni futhi 7 izihloko. izinqumo uhulumeni kwakamuva zenziwa ngendlela izinqumo.

Sealand ifulege luyinhlanganisela ngemibala emithathu - obomvu, omnyama nomhlophe. Ngo ekhoneni elingenhla esinxeleni - unxantathu red ku ilungelo aphansi - black unxantathu. Phakathi kwabo - umugqa omhlophe.

Maka kanye elingenamikhono izingalo kukhona izimpawu esemthethweni Sealand. izingonyama ezimbili eziboniswe phezu uwuphawu Sealand ngemisila izinhlanzi ukuthi ugcine ngezidladla isihlangu ifulege imibala. Ngaphansi isihlangu yisiqubulo isitembu, elifundeka kanje: ". Freedom - kuze kufike elwandle" Iphinde libhekisela liculo isimo, eyabhalwa umqambi Basil Simonenko.

Ngu polity limelela ohlanga Sealand. Ngo ukwakheka ebhodini, kukhona zezinkonzo ezintathu - Foreign Affairs, Wezangaphakathi and Telecommunications Nobuchwepheshe.

Zemali kanye izitembu

Kusukela ngo-1972, i-ekhishwe zemali Sealand. I uhlamvu lwesiliva kuqala nge umfanekiso Princess Joan kanye umkhumbi wafika ngo-1972. Kusukela 1972 kuya 1994, it wadedelwa a izinhlobo ezimbalwa zemali ziqhamuka isiliva, negolide nethusi, phezu obverse esibonisa ekumeni ZikaJohane Roy noma ihlengethwa, kube yibo - a badayisa isikebhe noma elingenamikhono izingalo. Lwemali ubukhulu - dollar silendsky, okuyinto pegged ukuba nedola laseMelika.

Esikhathini kusuka 1969 kuya ku-1977, isimo ukhiphe isitembu sokuposa. ezithathwe eBelgium ngeposi isikhathi esithile.

labantu

Umbusi wokuqala Sealand kwaba Prince Roy Beyts. Ngo-1990, edlulisela wonke amalungelo indodana yakhe, ePrincess wayohlala e-Spain. Roy washona ngo 2012, umkakhe KaJohane - ngo-2016. Okwamanje, umbusi kuyinto Prince Maykl mina Beyts. Anakho ingakabi nayo indlalifa, Dzheyms Beyts, ngubani isikhulu Sealand. Ngo-2014, uJames wazala indodana Freddie, ngubani umzukulu umbusi wokuqala ukubusa.

Manje osehlala isimo Sealand? ubukhulu labantu ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene zazisuka abantu abangu-3 kuya ku-27. Manje yesikhulumi abantu engaba yishumi ngasinye ngosuku.

Inkolo kanye Ezemidlalo

Ensimini ka ubukhulu of izenzo eSheshi. Futhi emsamo kukhona indlwana encane St. Brendan-Itilosi. Sealand asihlali kude zemidlalo impumelelo. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi labantu ubukhulu akwanele ukuze kwakhiwe amaqembu ezemidlalo, isimo engaziwa ukumela abanye abadlali. Kukhona ngisho iqembu football.

Sealand futhi Inthanethi

Ngokuphathelene internet endaweni izenzo umthetho elula - konke kuvunyelwe, ngaphandle ugaxekile, ukuhlaselwa hacker kanye nezithombe ezingcolile zobulili nezingane. Ngakho-ke, Sealand, eyaqala isiteshi somsakazo pirate, namanje yisici ezikhangayo pirates yesimanje. nengu-8 ubukhulu of izinkampani amaseva HavenCo ibekwe. Ngemva kokuvala we ubukhulu uyaqhubeka enikeza usizo nokubekwa amaseva izinhlangano ezahlukene.

ngesimo esingokomthetho

Ngokungafani nezinye izifundazwe self-wamemezela, e Sealand has ithuba elincane ukuthi baqashelwa. Ngo ubukhulu kukhona indawo ngokomzimba, yasungulwa ukunweba imingcele yamanzi eBrithani. Isiteji ilahliwe, okusho ukuthi kubhekwe njengento isiphetho ikoloni. Ngakho, uRoy Beyts kungenzeka ngempela ukusungula esimweni endaweni khulula. Nokho, ukuthi Sealand kwaba amalungelo aphelele, ke kufanele zinakwe ngamanye amazwe.

Sale Sealand

Ngo-2006 kwaba khona umlilo emsamo. Kudingeka wokubuyiselwa izindawo ezibalulekile. Ngo-2007, ubukhulu u zithengiswa ngentengo kwezigidi ezingu-750-euro. Ipulatifomu okuhloswe ukuthenga The Pirate Bay, kodwa amaqembu ayengakwazi ukuvumelana.

Sealand namuhla

Awukwazi nje ukuthola izwe luncane, kodwa futhi ukusekela lamahlubuka uhulumeni platform ekufuneni ukuzimela. Noma ubani angakwazi inikela ngemali ukuze yengcebo ubukhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingosi engokomthetho, ungakwazi ukuthenga ezihlukahlukene eziyisikhumbuzo, zemali, izitembu.

Vele 6 euro ungakha siqu le silendskoy imeyili. Ukuze 25 euro oda i-ID esemthethweni. Kulabo uyinkosi isihloko, Sealand inikeza ithuba. Kuyinto ngokusemthethweni ngaphansi kwemithetho ubukhulu of ubani ukhokhele 30 euro, ungaba yisikhonzi baron, ngoba euro 100 - knight Order, futhi 200 - i-Bala yangempela noma Countess.

Kuze kube manje, ubukhulu of Sealand elawula Maykl mina Beyts. Njengoyise akhe wayengenakukwazi besekela inkululeko kolwazi, lomphotshongo Hooligan uhlala yindawo yesimanje ulwazi pirates.