Manifesto ka-October 17, 1905: isimo nemiphumela

isenzo Legislative noma Manifesto Okthoba 17, 1905, olwakhiwa nguhulumeni futhi wasayinwa uMbusi uNicholas II, namanje kuyindaba impikiswano.

Kungani wamisa Manifesto?

Ukuqala zenzeka ekhulwini lamashumi amabili sasimanzonzo futhi malopredskazuemy ngenxa yezinguquko ezinkulu kuhulumeni kanye nomphakathi. umnotho wezwe ngenxa ukuqedwa serfdom elahlekile zabasebenzi khulula. Ngakolunye uhlangothi - yezabasebenzi abangenamakhono ka serfs ngeke sivumele ukuhambisa ngokushesha kwezinga lemikhiqizo yezimboni kanye nomnotho emakethe. Umnotho ukuthi liyawa phambi kwamehlo ethu. Besesimweni elichumayo ngaphansi ukuphathwa abampofu kakhulu koMbusi uNicholas II, Russia baba kuncike izikweletu zangaphandle, libulawa indlala ezweni. Abantu abhikisha emigwaqweni. nezibhelu Small kuragela, kancane kancane baba efana isenzo bangempela wamavukelambuso. "NgeSonto Bloody" kwaba Umfutho imibhikisho, yona eyaqala ukwenza i ukulawula futhi ngiqeqeshe Amaqembu aphikisayo. Ngokokuqala ngqá phakathi Okthoba ukusebenza baqala umsindo izingcingo ukuze kokugumbuqelwa amandla autocratic imithetho yombusi. Bafuna izenzo juqu we iziphathimandla. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, yasungulwa Manifesto Okthoba 17, 1905.

Ukusabela yenkosi futhi uhulumeni ngezenzo mass

abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili bangena esitelekeni ngo-Okthoba, ngesikhathi esiqongweni Wabantu ukusebenza ahlomile. Baqale wasebenzisa amandla ngokumelene Abavukeli ke negagasi izimiso Okusizayo bobukhosi, elibuye kwabathukuthelisa uquqaba. Abantu babediniwe ke baphele ngisho namandla angaphezu kuka ngesikhathi serfdom, wancishwa yimuphi ithuba lokuveza izifiso yawo izwiwe. Emuva ngo-May 1905 kwazanywa nomkhawulo emandleni nombusi ukwabelana amandla akhe kanye Duma. Inkosi ayazanga ngemvume kule dokhumenti. Ngaphansi ingcindezi imicimbi wamavukelambuso, futhi uNicholas II, futhi uhulumeni Witte kwadingeka abuyele idokhumenti. Misa ukubhuqwa, ukuchithwa kwegazi imibhikisho mass umbusi kanye uhulumeni wanquma ukusiza Manifesto, owawungumnyaka SY Witte futhi wasayina uNicholas II.

Inani Manifesto of 17 Okthoba 1905 omkhulu - ukuthi ukweleta Russia ushintsho sokuqala esibalulekile kweluhlelo lwahulumende ngalokuyimphumelelo, owathatha kwamakhosi ohlanga eyakhelwe ngaphezu komthethosisekelo.

Yini ukukhuluma mayelana idokhumenti zomlando?

Lo mbiko, eyaziwa emlandweni ngokuthi "Manifesto yokuthuthukiswa komphakathi", ngemvume ku-17 Okthoba 1905 uNicholas II ERussia autocrat, obekumele ukuletha ushintsho oluhle esimweni. Manifesto ka-October 17, 1905 anikezwe:

• Ukulungiswa ku yenkululeko yokulalela unembeza, inkulumo, inhlangano neyokuqhuba imihlangano, okuyinto ngokushesha emenza ukunyakaza abaningi bezombangazwe kanye namaqembu kwababhikishi.
• Ukwamukelwa ukukhethwa izingxenye ezahlukene sabantu, kungakhathaliseki isimo sezenhlalo isimo ezibonakalayo, ezingashabalala kwakuyisiqalo emphakathini obuswa ngentando yeningi.
• ukwamukelwa okugunyaziwe nguMbuso Duma imithetho ehlukahlukene, eyanyatheliswa ngo isimo. UMbusi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi ayibange isaba umbusi ematheni Russia nase sivumele isishaya-mthetho, njengoba amandla ayo ukulawula Duma.

Nokho, Manifesto Okthoba 17, 1905, okuqukethwe Kuye kwanikezwa kuqale zenzeka ekhulwini lamashumi amabili, akazange ashintshe ngokuyinhloko isimo kuleli zwe.

Okuholela ezintsha Okthoba isenzo zomthetho

Lokho Manifesto Okthoba 17, 1905 ingamiswa ngokokuqala ukunyakaza wamavukelambuso, kodwa umphakathi Russian, ngokushesha yaba sobala ukuthi lokhu kwaba ithambo aphonswe elambile. izinguquko zangempela ilandelwa cha. Kwakumelwe kuphela ephepheni. Ukuvela umzimba yesimanje zomthetho, okuyinto wayenesithakazelo ngokubona abantu, esiphansi zombusi kumthetho nenkululeko ethile lanikezwa ithuba ukuhlela lenqwaba ukunyakaza ukuphikiswa amaqembu.

Kodwa ukwahluleka ukuhlanganisa kanye party izinto eziza kuqala, izikhalazo eziningi ngemibono yezindawo ezehlukene abazoba ekunqobeni bomnotho namanje udonse lizwe phansi. UNicholas II agcinwayo ilungelo ukuncibilikisa Duma ngakho esasimenyezelwa Manifesto ka-October 17, 1905, futhi imibono yakhe asamukelanga ukuthuthukiswa ezidingekayo, kodwa kuphela kwenza isimo unmanageable nakakhulu.

imiphumela zomlando

Ngenxa ukuxhumana walondoloza futhi Diaries Nicholas II lofakazi izenzakalo eziningi yaziwa kithi. Ngemva Manifesto sasayinwa Okthoba 17, 1905, SY Witte yabonisa yokungenzi, uhulumeni uhlulekile kute simo sibuyele kulesetayelekile kuleli zwe. Isimo usumisiwe impi evamile indawo phansi kwelanga. Inkulumo ngobugagu umxhwele, kodwa bebengenayo izixazululo unqobe obumbi. Kodwa into - akekho owayefuna ukuba bathwale imithwalo yemfanelo egcwele izinyathelo eziqhubekayo ukuphathwa yezwe, izinguquko zomthetho yizinguquko kwezomnotho ngempumelelo. Umgomo we isinyathelo balabagxeki umbusi sibukela futhi ngezinye amabhola ngaphandle isixazululo eliyisisekelo lale nkinga singabi umkhuba. izimfanelo Ubuholi, okuyinto yayizoqeda esibucayi, akekho okwadingeka. I eminyaka ubudala isiko autocracy ayidaliwe ngaleso ubuntu esiteji, uyakwazi esikhundleni mbusi, okungenani ingxenye.

nezenzo zikahulumeni kanye SY Witte

Witte, ngubani waphoqeleka ukuba oda ukudutshulwa ababhikishi esikhundleni isimemezelo yezinguquko yeningi, wafuna egazini labo bonke abavukeli, futhi esikhundleni kwenziwa iziphakamiso omuhle esimweni liphendulwe wesahlulelo. Kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi okuthiwa Manifesto Okthoba 17, 1905, le dokhumenti kwakushintsha emlandweni Russian isimo uhlelo kanye namasiko eminyaka ubudala. izenzo zombusi kunzima ukuhlola nangokunembile.

Manifesto ka-October 17, 1905 ethile yafeza indima ebalulekile emlandweni njengoba indlela kuphela ukunzinza kuleli zwe futhi ukunikeza amakilasi aphansi amalungelo ezakhamuzi omncane.