Prussia - lokhu ... Kingdom yasePrussia. Umlando yasePrussia

Prussia - lokhu ingenye kakhulu kuyadida ngokomlando uthi yezwekazi laseYurophu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sinalo State kanye enamandla kabani ifulege esihlanganisa lonke Germany. Ngakolunye - embusweni nje kuphela ups, kodwa futhi ezinhle nezimbi. Izwe usuhlakazekile ngemva kokuwa-Third Reich nangaphambili wahlupheka ngaphansi kwejoka Teutons. Hlobo luni ifa akasilahlile umlando Prussia?

isikhundla ezindawo

Ngokungafani amazwe iningi Izwe Elidala, Prussia kumephu Wawufuna izizathu luyingxenye zezombusazwe. Ulimi lokusayina evame kakhulu ekutholweni kwamanye amazwe, iqashe ezimbi kakhulu, njenge-jikelele isiko German yezwe.

Ezibalulekile Ezingafundwa Prussia kudlalwa aseBaltic Sea, etholakala enyakatho yezwe. Kwakuwusuku nemizana siqala khona. Kuwo wonke umlando yasePrussia, imingcele iye yashintsha kaningi - kusukela (kuqhathaniswa) Duchy encane nengxenye eyinhloko oMbusi wesibili Bismarck.

Kuthonywa kakhulu Prussia emazweni angomakhelwane - Lithuania (naseLithuania Prussians igazi abafowethu abangaphezu kuka-amaJalimane) nasePoland. Eyesibili eyakhelwe kwamaqhinga eminingi yakhona umakhelwane enyakatho ntshonalanga phakathi uzibuse. Poland ngokuphindiwe subjugates insimu yalo.

Thola ezweni eyinhloko isimo efile, Prussia, manje ngokuphazima kweso. Basonta Russian Federation kanye Kaliningrad ndawo. isikhungo Ezazimzungezile - kuba Kenigsberg ubudala, 1946 eyaziwa ngokuthi Kaliningrad.

I Endulo

A indima enkulu e ukuvela Prussia, kanye nawo wonke umlando-European, kudlalwa umholi we Huns, Attila. Akukhona ukubukeka yombuso wakhe yakhiwa abahlala ngasosebeni lwale estiev Baltic Sea. Thina wabhala lokhu ngabo abalobi ngisho lasendulo. Estii kwesokunxele endaweni mahhala Prussians, ababeke ixazululwe kuphela kohlaka Kaliningrad yesimanje.

Umlando yasePrussia ngesimo lapho siyazi ukuthi namuhla, akunakwenzeka ngaphandle ukubukeka abazalwane isiJalimane Brutus Videvuda. khona labo okungabazekayo, kodwa khona ngababusi abanjalo owadala isizwe umphakathi obuqinile nobudlelwane bokuhlalisana athuthukile wakha amandla mpo, isizathu salokhu kwanda okungaka abukhali ekuthuthukisweni Prussia sika. Ngenxa yalokho, isiko kwamasiko bangabafowethu ukuze amaJalimane, hhayi izizwe abaseduze - nabasePoland naseLithuania.

uphawu lobuKristu

Polish ubukhulu elincane ekhulwini XI, it uzama anwebe amazwe abo ngenxa Prussians yobuqaba. Noma kunjalo, ayesekela yimpumelelo kakhulu. Mhlawumbe indawo Prussia babeyohlala khulula kusuka izinduna Europe imidlalo, uma ngaphansi kwebhaxa yobuKristu (ngokumenywa isikhulu basePoland isibusiso siqu uPapa), kwakungeke Ufake Order edume zamaJalimane.

Oda Lithuanian got isimo sakhe, uye amandla ngokugcwele ukufeza yobuKristu labantu amaqaba zaphumela Prussians kuphangwa, ukuhlukumeza ubudlova.

ukunwetshwa ensimini

Siyabonga kokusebenzayo amandla umthamo ngokuqondile Teutons kanye ukumuncwa yezinye oda Chivalry, enwetshiwe Prussia kumephu uqobo. Ngesinye isikhathi esededelwe, iningi emazweni aseBaltic kwakungekaNkulunkulu isimo zamaJalimane Order.

Ngaphakathi ezweni kwaba isimo ngendlela elukhuni Katolika ukukubeka kahle, a noma ukuchema kuzo omkhulu igunya kobufundisi. Eqinisweni, i-zamaJalimane Order okufakiwe (nge Master) ukuze uPapa, ngakho isimo yayingaphansi kokulawula ephelele iVatican.

Ukudala umbuso

Kwaze kwaba sekhulwini leshumi nesithupha yayikhona isimo zamaJalimane Order. Kwaholela izimpi eziningi - ngezinye izikhathi kuphumelele, ukwandisa isimo sabo, kodwa eduze umugqa wesikhathi esikhathini samanje, bakhiphe elezinga eliphansi kakhulu Teutons enkundleni yempi.

sina Ikakhulukazi kwaba kunqotshwa kwazo iMpi Yeminyaka Engu-nantathu 'ngokumelene Poland. Kwakuwusuku Igalelo lokugcina le zamaJalimane Order - isifiso namandla nokuba basinde nasolakeni uPapa. Master Albreht Brandenburgsky yokutholwa EsengamaProthestani, ngawo Prussia waba embusweni wezwe. Waba futhi ngaphansi kwesizwe senkosi Polish. Owabe Master benza izinto eziningi eziwusizo ukuze sisetshenziswe umbuso. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuletha izinguquko emphakathini futhi wabavulela inyuvesi kuqala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sibonga kuye, Prussia - lena umbuso wokuqala emlandweni okholweni evelele ngokusemthethweni amaProthestani.

Duchy of Prussia akuzange kuhlale isikhathi eside - indodana Albrecht uvele ogulayo futhi emva kokushona kukayise akakwazanga ukuthatha isihlalo sobukhosi, bese ngokuzuma. Indlalifa eduze Duchy wayeyinkosi Polish.

Prussian Kingdom ePoland

Ukuba ekuchithweni kwayo ezweni elisha, umbusi ukucabanga, ukuthi uyoba yini Prussia. umbuso Kwakubonakala ukhetho best, kusukela ikhuphuke kakhulu udumo nkosi. Manje ayengumbusi kabili.

Njenganoma yimuphi umbuso ngaphakathi kwe-Kingdom of Prussia kwaba ezimele kakhulu. Wawunodonga imithetho yayo siqu, inkantolo lalo. Ngisho impi yalo esebenza eceleni kusuka Polish. Ngaphezu kwalokho, insimu ka isimo yavuleka, njengoba iNkosi yasePrussia wayazi - nje kubuthana kuye ukwesekwa esinamandla futhi zinamandla, ongase ubhekane naso Poland bese ubuyela izimpande zawo-German.

Nokho, izinyathelo ezinqala kangaka kungukuthi ezidingekayo. Ngesikhathi kumiswa isimo German yasePrussia kanjani Poland ilwa Sweden, futhi wayedinga usizo umbimbi. Brandenburg, Prince Frederick William mina bavumelana ungisize ngokusiza omakhelwane, inqobo nje uma uthola Prussia - ezweni kwalokho, njengoba isikhulu ngobukhulu isiJalimane, wacabanga nowokuzalwa isiJalimane, okusho ukuthi yayo.

Nge lokhu kuthengiselana kwakheka ubukhulu saseBrandenburg-Prussia, okuyinto wayemiselwe ukuba udlale indima enkulu empilweni zezombangazwe ikusasa Europe.

umbuso Independent Prussian

Ngenxa yemizamo yabo, futhi ngofuzo iSikhulu Brandenburg indodana kayise, buthola ezweni kakhulu, futhi kumi kanye nawo kanye nethonya, wagcotshwa. Frederick mina esihlalweni sobukhosi ngo-1701, okubonisa izwe ukuthi Prussia - manje umbuso ozimele.

Umkhawulo kokusa zomlando yasePrussia wawela phezu Frederick ebhodini. Namanje kubhekwe enye yamakhosi amakhulu aseYurophu, njengoba kwadingeka kwekuhlela kabusha eziningi - kwaqinisa umnotho Prussia, ngakho uMgcinimafa ithuba finance bebutho tibalo yezinkanyezi. Wayefanele izinguquko ezinkulu imfundo, apharathasi isimo futhi ezindabeni zezempi.

Ngenxa yenani elikhulu ezimpini aphazamise iNkosi yasePrussia ngasizathu simbe kwakudingekile, izwe lakhe igcwele amazwe amasha entsha, ukudala Prussians idumela njengomunye wezinye izizwe eziholayo Izwe Elidala. Kuphela kanye wahlulwa Prussia - Russian Empire wathatha yena ingxenye Baltic ngemva kokunqotshwa empini ngokumelene nalo ngesikhathi Iminyaka eyisikhombisa neMpi. Nokho, ngisho lokhu ukunqotshwa kwakungelona sina - the isivumelwano sokuthula phakathi noFrederick II noPetru III ezweni wabuyela Prussia ngokushesha.

Ngeshwa, emva izimbali enamandla balandela wokudamba okusheshayo. Inkosi entsha, noFrederick II ka, ayikwazanga yengamela isimo elikhulu kangaka. Ukubusa kwakhe uye kakhulu buthaka Prussia, kodwa indodana yakhe kwasho ukulahlekelwa sokugcina indima Prussia anothile eYurophu.

Kodwa futhi bayamsola kakhulu engenakwenzeka. INkosi yasePrussia akakwazanga ukumelana ngendathane ibutho sikaNapoleon. Yena ukhukhulwe endleleni yayo isimo ngasinye. Ngemva kwenkathi kaNapoleon Prussia ibuyiselwe ezindaweni ezincane kakhulu, futhi kwakubonakala ukuthi wayemiselwe ukuba siphile ukuphila kwakhe ukuqeda ukulahleka wekuba sive, uma kungekhona ...

umbuso German

Omkhulu, Otto von Bismarck, Isimanga siwukuthi, kwaba Prussia. Nge ukubonakala kwakhe enkundleni zezombusazwe ungayeka waziqamba amagama amakhosi Prussian - Manje abakuboni zinendima ziqhathaniswa "Iron Shansela".

Bismarck kwaba isikhonzi likamengameli Prussia, futhi fan okhuthele umbono walokho okubizwa ngokuthi isimo esihlanganisiwe German. Ngaleso sikhathi kwakubonakala kungenakwenzeka - insimu German esifanelana kweshumi ezilwayo uthi ngobala kodwa omunye buthaka Austria. Nokho, Bismarck bekungeke kube umholi omkhulu uma akazange abe plan esicacile nokungangabazi.

Step by step, ke wagibela amandla Prussia, belwa Denmark bese ukhetha insimu yalo. Bismarck okudingekayo kuphela ibhaxa wokuba kuhlaselwe i-Austria, futhi waphenduka up - ukungqubuzana lezempi e-Italy, okwaholela ekubeni aqhutshelwe impi isonto eziyisikhombisa phakathi Austria futhi Prussia, okwaphela nge inyunyana 21 zithi German kanye kudalwa wonke uMbuso German. INkosi yasePrussia, uWilhelm ngaba Kaiser futhi Bismarck - Shansela yakhe.

UMbuso-German isibe omunye kwamazwe main emhlabeni. Hhayi indima okungenani e ngezithako zawo matasa Prussia. Kingdom Umbe lwanyamalala, kodwa wacela Prussians ithoni yezobuciko nezombangazwe zangaleso umbuso.

Ngeshwa, uWilliam II ayizange kuze kube-sekuqhamuke sezombusazwe. Wasihlakaza Bismarck esuka ehhovisi, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi zaqala azokuqhubela ephelele olandelanayo izinqubomgomo ezifuywayo, egcwele izitatimende eqinile angaphandle nolaka. Baphikisana Russian kanye nayo iBritish Umqhele, wahola eJalimane ngabodwa.

Le micimbi le izimfanelo esiyinhloko ukuqala kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, ngemva kwalokho oMbusi Okwesibili wawa phakade. Novemba Uprising idabukile eJalimane, Prussia, okwenza omunye uthi ezincane ezizimele okuyinto baphoqeleka ukuba abuyisele umzali yabo emikhulu.

Kodwa njengoba njalo kwenzeka emlandweni eJalimane, lapho izazi-mlando ebesezilungele abuqede umlando isimo esisodwa, ubuntu olusha luvela emkhathizwe, okuyinto imiselwe bazungezé kuye wonke amaJalimane.

Esesithathu kwamaNazi

Njengengxenye Third Reich, Prussia kwaba yezindawo emaphakathi.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi Hitler akazange enze division of Germany, okuhlukile kwenziwa kule ndawo.

Ngo ilunga lwamaNazi isimo Prussia yazuza yokuzimela, kodwa kwaba kuphela ephepheni. Eqinisweni inhloko yabangamashumi ukuzimela Kwakumelwe bakhethe Hitler noma omunye izinhloko Reichstag - kuya ngosuku oluthile.

Kuyinto e-Third Reich e Prussia ekugcineni usabonakala imingcele geqe. Manje kwaba ingxenye yeJalimane, ngisho dolobha yayo yangaphambili - Berlin - Sekuyisikhathi eside okwamiswa ngalo ukuba ephathelene nayo.

Ngemva yokuhlulwa kweJalimane eMpini Yezwe II njengengxenye yensimu yasePrussia, kuhlanganise eKönigsberg ubudala, wasuka e-USSR. Ezinye izindaba zika-insimu wasala GDR kanye FRG.

Prussia ekupheleni kwempi yezwe yesibili

Prussia ngo-1945 ngonyaka eside emelelwa lutho. Njengoba isimo esihlukile zazingekho ngisho ngemcondvo, kungakhathaliseki eJalimane ukulahlekelwa. Ngoba ilanga lase lishonile ngoba esinye sezizwe amakhulu eYurophu. Noma phambi kwethu elinde ukujika entsha ezingalindelekile? Phela, ngaphambi obhekwe Prussia Bismarck lazibikezela okufanayo.

yi

Prussia - lokhu ingenye Amakhasi eyindida kunazo zonke emlandweni-German. Isimo, okuyinto wabeka isisekelo sokuba khona wesimanje eJalimane federal, eqinisweni, kwaba ezimele inani emangalisayo esifushane.

Nokho, ngaso sonke isikhathi uma Prussia kumephu reappeared, ngisho kunazo zonke-sinamabandla kwemingcele yayo, kodwa njalo kufakazela ukuthi amandla eJalimane, inhliziyo futhi ubuchopho bayo buqala ukusebenza kweqiniso.

Ngandlela-thile indaba waphinda wathola i tinge kuyindida - Prussians, izakhamuzi amazwe aseBaltic, okuyinto siye chasiselwe naseLithuania futhi abantu base-Estonia, amaJalimane kukhona ngisho nangaphezu kwalabo abangamashumi amaJalimane ngokwabo. Lona imfihlakalo yomlando Prussian, kodwa, ikakhulukazi, futhi bekhonze yayo - e ekunqobeni engapheli futhi linqoba emzabalazweni kanye eziphikisanayo.