Onkulunkulu zaseScandinavia: Heimdal, Hermod Abanesibindi Ezobuchwepheshe, Volund, Aegir, Utgard-Loki, Thor, u-Odin. ezinganekwaneni zamaNorseman

EScandinavia ngokuvamile kubhekiselwa kuye ngokuthi insimu enkulu etholakala enyakatho yeYurophu, futhi kubandakanya eNorway, eSweden, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, kanye eziqhingini eziningi kakhulu naye. izici zomlando yentuthuko yabo baye wadala uhlobo isiko, omunye bombo baba mythmaking, izinhlamvu okuyinto yena, kwakufanele yasekuqaleni futhi eyingqayizivele onkulunkulu zaseScandinavia. Isibindi kanye nokulinga, ababekuso ezinye izindlela ezifanayo ukuze amaViking ngokwabo.

Lapho bafika ezweni lethu?

Onkulunkulu of ezinganekwaneni zamaNorseman, uhlu equkethe amagama abalingiswa, eyaziwa kangako kuka basendulo baseGibhithe nomGreki, bayingxenye isiko izizwe ubudala zamaJalimane. Ukuze uthole ulwazi mayelana nabo ezisekhona ikakhulukazi imibhalo emibili izikhumbuzo izincwadi zangenkathi ephakathi. Lona "Umdala Edda" - iqoqo izinkondlo, eliqukethe Old iculo Icelandic, kanye "Edda" - ukudalwa i umbhali Icelandic Snorri Sturluson kwekhulu XII.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, eziningi izinganekwane waziwa kwemisebenzi medieval Umlobi womlando Danish Saxo Grammaticus, alibiza ngokuthi "The IzEnzo Danes." Kuyinto ukwazi ukuthi enye izikhonzi zakhe kwaba isisekelo 'Hamlet "kaShakespeare, okwabhalwa kamuva eminyakeni engamakhulu amane.

Waphenduka wabheka la izikhonzi iyiphi izinganekwane, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bazalelwa eScandinavia, Greece neGibithe, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi sekungamakhulu eminyaka baye ngokuphindaphindiwe usulungisiwe ukuthi namuhla nakanjani kuholela ezihlukahlukene sekungene lezi ukungafani izinganekwane futhi aliziphikisi. Ngakho ungamangali uma izenzakalo ezifanayo, wenze onkulunkulu Nordic zichazwe emithonjeni ehlukene ngezindlela ezahlukene.

okufushane zaseScandinavia nesenzakalo zomhlaba

okwakhe Olumangalisayo ezinganekwaneni zamaNorseman ngesineke amelwe ke, isithombe lokuzalwa zomhlaba. Ngokusho nendumezulu lasendulo, konke kwaqala nge omkhulu kwalasha black ngakolunye uhlangothi lwale okuyinto umbuso ice - Niflheim, futhi ngakolunye umlilo - muspelheim.

Kusukela umbuso ice wathatha yabo izindikimba isiqalo 12, okuyinto ngokushesha eba yiqhwa, kodwa kusukela bashaywa njalo, emabhuloki ice kancane esondela embusweni umlilo. Lapho lezi zinto ezimbili zihlangana ngokuphelele, khona-ke izinhlansi exutshwe ice luthuli, yazalwa Ymir giant usayizi ofanayo inkomo okuthiwa auðumbla.

Okulandelayo kuchaza ezinye izenzakalo ngendlela engakholeki. Ngokwe- "Edda Omdala", uma giant Ymir umjuluko kuhle, okuyinto akumangalisi, ngoba umbuso yayiseduze umlilo, futhi kwakukhona amabili imidondoshiya of izithukuthuku zakhe - indoda kanye nowesifazane. Belungafica namanje kulungile, kodwa uyaqhubeka athi lowo nomlenze ekhulelwa, wazala enye indodana. Njengoba kunzima ukucabanga, esizithatha kalula, ngaphandle kokuya imininingwane.

Ngokuqondene auðumbla inkomo, yena-ke waba indima ebalulekile izinganekwane zaseScandinavia. Okokuqala, yena fed ubisi wakhe Ymir nalabo owehla evela kuye ngakho ngokuyisimangaliso. Yena luqobo yondliwa iqiniso lokuthi zaxhapha khona usawoti off the rocks. Okwesibili, beshiswa ulimi wakhe wazalwa waphinde wabhekana nomunye umdondoshiya, okuthiwa Storm. Ngakho-ke kwavela ezakhamuzi zokuqala ezahlala umhlaba, okuyindawo ke onkulunkulu bazalelwa eScandinavia, ngisho kamuva, futhi abantu.

U-Asa Vanir nezinye izinhlamvu wasenganekwaneni

Kuyaziwa ukuthi bonke onkulunkulu zaseScandinavia nonkulunkulukazi ayehlukaniswe amaqembu amaningana, main phakathi okwakukhona Aces, eholwa umholi wabo ngegama elilodwa. Life sazo sasingamashumi neze futhi serene njengoba kwadingeka njalo ukungena ukungqubuzana namanye amalungu ababaziwa amaNorseman.

Iningi enkingeni baletha Vanir - iqembu onkulunkulu wenzalo abathi ubunikazi zezwe, kodwa elimele futhi imidondoshiya-jötunn, kanye on-the dwarfs dwarfs. Futhi ngempela waphakamisela konakalisa Aces igazi besifazane kumelwe akhulekelwe - disy, Norns futhi Valkyries.

Omunye izindikimba eyinhloko ezinganekwaneni zamaNorseman kuyinto impi phakathi Aesir kanye Vanir. Yaqala lapho iqiniso lokuthi Vanir, sicasulwe yinoma yokuthi abantu iculo lakhe awakhazimulisi kubo, futhi Aces, ngibathuma emhlabeni (lalibizwa Midgard) Gulveyg oyisangoma okubi. Ngoba ngegolide ke, ngokuvumelana izibalo wathola Vanir, ukubonakala kwakhe kwaba zichithe nokuziphatha kwangaleso kubantu elihlanyelwe enhlizweni zabo yobugovu ezazizozuzisa yena. U-Asa ukuyivimbela, babulala uyathakatha. Lokhu kwaqala impi, lapho onkulunkulu Nordic obuzama ukuphoqa ukuxazulula inkinga wokuziphakamisa. Njengoba kungashiwo ukuthi amaqembu awukwazanga uthole okungcono phakathi kwawo ekugcineni waba okuvalelwe emhlabeni, ziboshelwe ngezintambo exchange of abathunjwa.

UMahluleli ophakeme unkulunkulu Aesir

Umholi noyise Aces kwaba ephakeme unkulunkulu Odin. Ezinganekwaneni zaseScandinavia siyafana nalokho eziningi izici. Yena umelwe abapristi, shaman connoisseur of Runes, umthakathi prince, ngaphezu, unkulunkulu zaseScandinavia empi nokunqoba. Nkulunkulu Odin ukuthi ohlonishwa njengomholi nomvikeli ebukhosini lempi umnqobi we Valkyries (ngazo kuzoxoxwa ngezansi). It is run by eValhalla - esigodlweni yasezulwini, lapho e enjabulweni yasezulwini whiled kude bawa phakade namaqhawe-amaqhawe.

Omunye kusenzo ngesimo uneso elilodwa, kodwa egcwele kubalulekile abadala amandla. Iso lakhe olahlekile wanika uma Mimir giant lokuthi wavumela ukuba baphuze amanzi emthonjeni evikelwe ukuhlakanipha kwazo. ukoma inconywe ulwazi, ngokuvamile, okuye kwachazwa ngu Odin. Ngokwesibonelo, uma, ukuqonda amandla zeziboshwa Runes lasendulo - lokubhala ubudala zamaJalimane, wavuma ukuba umhlatshelo, futhi hung izinsuku 9, abethelwe umkhonto kwesihlahla sika siqu.

Phakathi kwezinye izimfanelo Odin, in the izinganekwane ke egcizelelwa ikhono yokuphindukuzalwa. Ngokuvamile, lapho roams umhlaba ezishaya unkulunkulukazi u-ixhegu, lembethe ijazi okwesibhakabhaka futhi wazizwa isigqoko. Abangane bakhe njalo beyizimpisi emibili amagwababa. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi igama elilodwa ungavula uyisihambi le yemifino abampofu, noma omubi. Kunoma ikuphi, maye kuye lowo yayilahla imithetho izihambi, kuzovala kweminyango yendlu yakhe.

abantwana bakwa-Odin

INdodana Odin wayengunkulunkulu Heimdall, okwakuthiwa umqaphi isihlahla emhlabeni wokuphila. Ivame kuvezwa ezicashe neqhawe, amacilongo ku uphondo segolide. Ngokusho yetinsita lena yiyona ndlela wayememezela ekupheleni okusondelayo emhlabeni futhi ukuqoqa bonke onkulunkulu empini yokugcina namabutho obumnyama. Heimdall uhlala endlini enhle, ebizwa ngokuthi Himinborg, okusho "izintaba wasezulwini". Itholakala eduze kwebhuloho exhumanisa wezulu nomhlaba.

Njengoba baziwa futhi enye yamadodana Odin - loyedvwa unkulunkulu Ezobuchwepheshe, uwukubonakaliswa anamandla. kwalahleka izandla zakhe Nokho, izilaleli zazingazi enkundleni yempi. ukulimala kwakhe umfana ompofu ubezama ziqhubekele impisi magic uchungechunge umdondoshiya okuthiwa Fenrir. Uma lesi silo ngaphezulu puppy elingenacala sathathwa Aces ezweni labo Asgard. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, cub wakhula, abe monster oqinile futhi nolaka ukuthi uyabethusa lihlobanisa.

Kungakhathaliseki ke wazama kanjani imbombayi onkulunkulu, njalo yaklebhula emaketangeni kalula. Ekugcineni, bafika ukusiza elves ukukopisha neketanga imilingo umsindo Elisengozini izinyathelo, inyoni ngamathe, inhlanzi emishinini yokuphefumula kanye izimpande entabeni. Yahlala kuphela ukuphosele nezimpisi. Ukuze aqinisekise isilo ngokungabi bikho izinhloso ezimbi, unkulunkulu Ezobuchwepheshe esebeké isandla sakhe emlonyeni wakhe, abalunywe off, ngokushesha nje Fenrir waqaphela ukuthi ubanjwe iqhinga. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, unkulunkulu anamandla Raziel izitha isandla esisele esisodwa kuphela.

Nkulunkulu, ihlushwa amaphupho amabi

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi unkulunkulu Balder Beautiful entwasahlobo - njengoba wonke umuntu ngokuthi kuye ngoba ubuhle ongavamile, wayebuye indodana u-Odin, okuyinto asithwala unkulunkulukazi ophakeme Frigg Aces. Inganekwane ethile ukuthi wake wabelane nonina ukuthi sekwande ukubona amaphupho amabi. Ukuvikela indodana yakhe, Frigg wafungisa amanzi, umlilo, metal amahlulele ngamazwi ahlambalazayo, ngokhuni, ngamatshe, ubuthi, izifo, izilwane nezinyoni, ukuthi ngeke kumenze phi hlungu. Ngenxa yalokho, unkulunkulu entwasahlobo baba invulnerable.

Ekwazi lokhu, abanye onkulunkulu ngenxa fun emjikijela ngamatshe, ayimikhonto nemicibisholo, kunokuba Balder acasuke. Futhi omunye namaqhinga abo angcolile ziphelile kabi kakhulu. ngobuqili Nkulunkulu Loki wamkhohlisa ukuthola kusuka Frigga ukuthi ngesikhathi esisodwa akazange batsatsa sifungo ne Mistletoe - isihlahla, ngaleso sikhathi ngokulambisa zaqhamuka ziphuma kule emhlabeni.

Sibambe amaphutha ayo, Loki ekhohlisayo waklebhula igatsha zalesi sihlahla, futhi, uyifake ezandleni imvelo izimpumputhe kankulunkulu ukudalelwa Hoda, baphoqwa ukuba aphonse ku yezinto eduze Balder. induku olunamandla abamhlaba insizwa enhle, wafa, kanjalo sibe isisulu embusweni sabantu abafile nangokuthi umbusi kwabacindezeli uyathakatha Thola.

Eceleni unkulunkulu ophakeme Aces ngokuvamile kuvezwa enye uhlamvu ethandwa wasenganekwaneni - Hermod Abanesibindi. He was gijimi we Odin ezweni labafile, lapho kwakufanele sithengisise bombusi wawo ozimisele ukwenza indodana yakhe - unkulunkulu Baldur entwasahlobo. Lokhu inhloso ezinhle ulilethele Hermod udumo, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umsebenzi uqobo uhlulekile ngenxa namaqhinga esilandelayo unkulunkulu efanayo ngobuqili nokukhohlisa Loki.

Umncintiswano enqabeni Utgarde

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi namaqhinga umkhwabanisi futhi kwengobe ngokuvamile singcoliswe igama namesake wakhe - ace ngempela ehloniphekayo nabahlonishwa Utgard Loki, ezazidume ngokutshala yokuthi enqabeni yaso kakhokho Utgard kanye imincintiswano engavamile kakhulu ayehlelwe. Mayelana nabo ekutshela "Edda". Lichaza, ngokukhethekile, njengoba omunye izivakashi zakhe - unkulunkulu wokuduma kanye neziphepho Thor, ngesikhathi sokushisa kwemini abanothando mdlalo okwakuthinta benenkinga kowesifazane omubi ubudala Elli, emelela ukuguga pal yakhe Loki - unkulunkulu efanayo umqambimanga, ligcwaliswe e nokubukisa nge kanye emlilweni .

Owumphumela wawo wonke kwazanywa ukuthola ngaphambi lendawo ongumlimi Tyalfi isivinini running wacabanga umnikazi castle. Nakuba futhi unkulunkulu wokuduma, futhi abangane bakhe bahlangana akaphumeleli, umkhosi kwaba yimpumelelo. On kwathiwa eligoqiwe bese okuningi izingoma. Akukona konakalisa umbono ngisho yokuthi emlilweni, isalukazi Elli, futhi umnikazi Utgard Loki kuhle bekhohliswa, begodu uthumbe.

Unkulunkulu besifazane Scandinavians lasendulo

Kuhlobane ngokuqondile Odin baye Valkyrie, uJehova zazo (ngokusho kwabanye imithombo - uyise), ayengumkhwenyana wakhe. Ngokusho izinganekwane zaseScandinavia, iqhawe intombi, ehlezi amahhashi flying, lalingaphezu bengabonakali amasimu impi. Thumela omunye, babutha imvuthuluka ovela ezweni masosha afile, bese isibaluli esigodlweni yasezulwini eValhalla. Kube balinda kubo, esakaza amatafula uju. Ngezinye izikhathi Valkyries nabo banikezwa ilungelo lokunquma umphumela wezimpi, futhi iningi bathandile kubo amasosha (Kushone, vele) ukwenza nabathandekayo babo.

Ngaphezu Valkyries, ingxenye yabesifazane ababaziwa nabo bebekhona Norns - abathakathi ezintathu, wanika isipho clairvoyance. Yayikwazi kalula ukubikezela isiphetho hhayi kuphela abantu futhi onkulunkulu, kodwa futhi emhlabeni wonke. Wayehlala ezweni, lezi Kudesnitsa Midgard ihlalwe. umsebenzi wabo kwakuwukulungisa nisela esihlahleni ezweni Yggdrasil, inhlalakahle luncike nempilo ende lwesintu.

Elinye iqembu abebehlala kwemvelo zezwe lasendulo babengene disy. Ukuthobela kokuhlukana bemvelo besifazane, bayizithunywa ababheki abantu, amabutho anonya kubo. Phakathi ifa zamaJalimane kwamasiko, ingxenye yalo, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, i-ezinganekwaneni zamaNorseman, basinda ukupela lapho disam kuchasiselwe amandla aqukethe ukumelana amabutho bese unquma umphumela wezimpi.

unkulunkulukazi golden-onezinwele ezimhloshana

Ngaphezu abameleli ingxenye yabesifazane ababaziwa okuxoxwe ngazo ngenhla, kudingeka siyinake futhi unkulunkulukazi Sif, umka-unkulunkulu iziphepho kanye nokuduma Thor. Njengoba umvikeli wenzalo le nkosazana, kunabayeni ubuhle unkulunkulukazi wothando kuphela, Freya, waba yisaga izinwele kwayo okukhulu segolide, umlando lapho kudingeka siyinake ngokukhethekile.

Omunye ubuhle zikaSeti wenza nenkohliso unkulunkulu Loki sika uyogcwala nomona umyeni wakhe iTorah. Ukuthatha itshe okwesikhashana, uma ukuthi wayengekho ekhaya, Loki weba ku igumbi lokulala ukuze ingalali umkakhe futhi ... cha, akukho, ungacabangi lutho - wavele aphuce ke Bald. Nokho, yithemba izinto abampofu akuphelanga, futhi umyeni ofuthelene ngikulungele ukubulala lo bugger, kodwa wafunga ukuthi uzophinde alungise leso simo.

Kuze kube yimanje, Loki waya dwarves wensimbi abahlala Dreamland, wabatshela ukuthi kwakwenzekeni. Labo ngenjabulo wavolontiya ukusiza, okubonisa art yabo. Dwarves kokuzihlanganisa ngoba uSeti izinwele ngegolide elihlanzekile, abenze eside ngokungavamile, zondile futhi Fluffy, possesses impahla ngokushesha zithobele ikhanda futhi ibonakale injengemali yangempela. Ngakho unkulunkulukazi Sif waba umnikazi izinwele segolide.

Onkulunkulu - amakhosi wezilwandle

Enye omele brilliant ababaziwa zaseScandinavia oyinkosi wezilwandle Aegir. Kukholakala ukuthi Aegir limelela, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ulwandle ezolile futhi serene, njengoba kufakazelwa ubuntu bakhe. Yena wayengumbulali aphethe izihambi, uzimisele ukusingatha izivakashi, bese ukuvakashela ekhaya. Nkosi wezilwandle njalo nokuthula, futhi ungalokothi ehilelekile yiziphi izingxabano, futhi uzuze ngokwengeziwe ezimpini. Nokho, okwakuthe chithi saka esikhathini isisho esidala "ukungena namazinyo Aegir" abanesimo ukubaluleka - ominzayo, ke uthi ngezinye izikhathi libhekene izikhathi ukuthukuthela.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi imithombo eminingana njengombusi waleli kwezilwandle ubiza omunye unkulunkulu Norse - Njord, futhi izingxenye bemvelo onokuthula friendly, kuyilapho Aegir kuvezwa ophazamisa izikhala zasolwandle kanye umdali iziphepho okukhungethe nokutakula imikhumbi osizini kufanele Njord. Akumangazi, njengoba lesi isibonelo esisodwa nje ukungafani ukuthi zibe ku epics zaseScandinavia kule minyaka eyikhulu edlule.

Smith, owenza amaphiko

Bonke onkulunkulu zaseScandinavia, futhi kwakukhona unkulunkulu wensimbi ngegama Volund. Lena kanzima yeqhawe isisebenzi nobunjalo cishe zonke izizwe zamaJalimane. Isiphelo sakhe kwakunzima futhi amadlingozi ngendlela yalo. Njengoba enye yamadodana amathathu King IsiFinnish (umbusi ophakeme), yena kunjalo wahlala kwemisebenzi yezandla zabo. Ekuphileni komkhaya, nsizwa kwadingeka ngocha inhlanhla. inkosikazi ethandekayo Hervor - sasekhaya, ngezinye izikhathi kuthatha ukuma dada, walishiya kuye, kusale kuphela indandatho yomshado. Abaphethwe ngokwahlukana ukukhathazeka, Volund 700 kokuzihlanganisa okuphindiwe yakhe.

Kodwa lokhu akuzange kuphele ngamashwa yakhe. Ngelinye ilanga ngesikhathi silele unkulunkulu-smith lathunjwa Swedish King Nidudom. Villain akugcini nje besaboshiwe master, kodwa abakhubazekile, kokushiya Limp impilo yonke. Kukhanyise Volund e isiboshwa-yinkosi kwamphoqa ukuba asebenze imini nobusuku, ekwakheni yena isikhali, nobucwebe ngoba umkakhe nendodakazi. Kuphela ngengozi, isiboshwa sayo siqu ngobuqili ephethwe aphinde athole inkululeko yabo.

Inganekwane ethile ithi ngosuku olulodwa etilongweni ukuze Volund weza Niduda amadodana ababefuna, uyise, ukuthi kube izinkemba yokukhiqiza yayo. Ukusebenzisa torque engu smith ebabulala, bese senza izinkomishi kusukela Skulls eyanithuma uyise, nezinto eziyigugu ezivela iso indlovukazi, futhi iziqhano zokuhloba amazinyo ngoba inkosazana. Phezu ke ukuyengela intombazane engaqaphile, wamphoqa, walala naye. Revenge ngakho ujabula kakhulu yena, unkulunkulu-smith yandiza emaphikweni ababezenzele yona.

izikhathi okusha - izinhlamvu entsha

Nge ekusakazekeni kobuKristu eScandinavia zonke onkulunkulu ubudala wasenganekwaneni eziye zabhekana kwammangaza ezithile, ukuthatha uhlobo kwabangcwele, kumbe, ngokuvamile, wanyamalala. Kushintshwe ngale ukuqashelwa futhi Volund, siguqulwe kusuka waphezulu wokuba bacele uhlamvu yamademoni. Lokhu kungenxa, ngaphezu kwakho konke, umsebenzi wakhe. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ezikhathini zasendulo kuze kube ngensimbi kwase baphathwe izinsolo ezithile ukwabelana, kokubalula kubo ukuxhumana nemimoya emibi.

Akumangalisi-ke ukuthi Goethe, kancane ukulungisa igama, wabanika uhlamvu lwakhe Mephistopheles kwelinye yesehlakalo nhlekelele "Faust", wazethula ngokuthi Woland. Esikhathini ukutholakala brilliant German waboleka Mihail Afanasevich Bulgakov, immortalized kuyo: "Nkosi noMargarita", futhi Volund namanje akunika impilo entsha ngendlela uprofesa ukuloya Woland.

Uhlu elincane onkulunkulu Nordic, ezingalotshwanga kufakwe ukubuyekeza kwethu:

• Bragi - indodana ka-Odin.
• Vidar - god of war.
• Hoenir - umfowabo Odin.
• Forseti - indodana Balder.
• Fulla - unkulunkulukazi ngokuchichimayo.
• Air - unkulunkulukazi zokuphulukisa.
• Karlovna - Goddess Isihe.
• Ver - unkulunkulukazi ulwazi.
• Jord - unkulunkulukazi umhlaba.
• Skadi - the umvikeli ukuzingela.
• Ullr - unkulunkulu ekuzingeleni.