UWilliam uMnqobi 1: Biography, izithombe, phakathi nokubusa

UWilliam uMnqobi - Duke yaseNormandy, inkosi yaseNgilandi (kusukela 1066), umhleli we the Norman ukunqoba of England, enye yezindawo ezinkulu kakhulu eYurophu XI osopolitiki leminyaka.

ukuhlasela kwakhe eNgilandi kwakunabaFundi nemiphumela lebalulekile kulelive.

ebuntwaneni

Njenganoma iyiphi emlandweni Ephakathi, uWilliam 1 ezivela emithonjeni ebhaliwe, eziningi zazo kahle walondoloza ezaziwayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, izazi-mlando namanje bebaphikisana ngani lapho uMbusi Normandy wazalwa. Ngokuvamile abacwaningi ubheke 1027 noma 1028.

1 William wazalwa ngo Falaise. Kwakungesinye zokuhlala kayise, Robert uDeveli - iNkosana yaseNormandy. Kwakuyimi ngedwa indodana wombusi, owayezoba ubukhosi ngemva kokufa kwakhe. Nokho, inkinga du ukuthi uWilliam wazalwa ngaphandle komshado esisemthethweni, futhi ngaleyo ndlela kubhekwa a bastard. Isiko Christian ayiboni lezi zingane njengezenzo ezifanele.

Nokho, uNorman ukwazi ezahlukene kakhulu kubantu bendawo ezingomakhelwane babo. Phakathi kwako kwakufana inertia enamandla amasiko sezikhathi yobuqaba. Kule ngombono, usana nizuze kahle amandla.

ukushona kukayise

Ngo 1034 uyise ka William waqhubeka waya iZwe Elingcwele. Ngaleyo minyaka, lolu hambo kwakugcwele izingozi eziningi. Ngenxa yalokhu, wenza intando yakhe, lapho waveza ukuthi indodana yakhe kuphela eyayizoba indlalifa isihloko uma kwenzeka eshona. UMbusi sengathi Isiphelo sakhe. Ngemva uyisihambi eJerusalema, waya ekhaya futhi wafa endleleni eya WaseNicaea ngonyaka ozayo.

Ngakho Wilhelm 1 kwaba iNkosana yaseNormandy namanje kakhulu ebuntwaneni. Nokho, isihloko sakhe 'wokuqala' uhambisane isihloko sawo sasebukhosini eNgilandi. LaseNormandy, yena waba ngowesibili. Amalungu amaningi ebukhosini abangu awanelisekile nge umsuka obungemthetho umbusi omusha. Noma kunjalo, izinduna isibalo izitha abakwazanga ukunikela sibalo ehloniphekile okunye. Amanye amalungu lwamakhosi noma aba ngabapristi noma babe izingane.

Ukuba buthaka kwezindlela iziphathimandla e-Duchy waphenduka ukuthi Normandy wayesengaba ezilula omakhelwane abanobutha. Nokho, lokhu akuzange kwenzeke. amagrafu eziningi nezikhulu eziphakeme abusa kule ndawo yeFrance, kwakuhlezi amaPhoyisa internecine izimpi.

Ukuvukela kwezinceku Norman noMbusi wababusi

Esikhathini umbusi yaseNormandy kwaba wazo obufanele - inkosi yaseFrance, uHenry I. Ngokokulandisa, nguye okwadingeka linikezelwa umfana knight, lapho ayeyofika yobudala. Futhi kwenzeka kanjalo. Lo mkhosi onesizotha senzeka ngo 1042. Ngemva kwalokho, uWilliam 1 ithole ilungelo lomthetho ukulawula Duchy yakhe.

Minyaka yonke ke uya bagxambukela nokuphathwa isimo. Lokhu kwamthukuthelisa noMbusi wababusi abaningi amakhosi asendulo. Ngenxa kwaqubuka ingxabano uWilliam bableka Normandy seNkosini France. Henry ngangilokhu ezikhonza ngaphansi kwakhe. Wabahlanganisela ibutho, okuyinto azibonela yona iqondiswe futhi Wilhelm.

The French wahlangana kwezicebi isihlubuki Dune Valley. Lapha e 1047 kwaba impi ewumnqamula-juqu. UMbusi abasha wazibonisa eyiqhawe abanesibindi, uthola inhlonipho kwabanye. Phakathi nempi ohlangothini wakhe bathuthela omunye izinduna, ukuthi ekugcineni ukucasula oda nabaphikisi. Ngemva le mpi, uWilliam wakwazi ukuphinde alungise Duchy sakhe.

Impi for County of Maine

Waba umbusi yedwa yaseNormandy, iNkosana elisha laqala ukuqhuba inqubomgomo angaphandle asebenzayo. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ngokomthetho France waqhubeka ebusa inkosi, akhonze yakhe, babejabulela inkululeko enkulu, kodwa ngomqondo othile, bonke babemagange ezimele.

Omunye izimbangi main Wilhelm kwaba Bala Anzhu Zhoffrua. Ngo 1051, yena wangena encane Maine County eduze eNormandy. Wilhelm kwaba esifundazweni akhonze ngaphansi kwabo siqu, ngenxa okuyinto wahamba wayokulwa umakhelwane. Ukubala of Anjou ekuphenduleni bacela ukusekelwa iNkosi yeFrance. Henry kwaholela Normandy futhi amanye amakhosi angaphandle - ababusi Aquitaine Burgundy.

Ekuqaleni ende nempi yombango, okuyinto etholakala ngokukhula ntshashintshe okuphumelela. Kwenye yezimpi kukaWilliam bethatheka Bala Ponte Gi I. Wadedelwa ngemva kweminyaka emibili, waba ngaphansi kwesizwe duke.

Inkosi French uHenry ngafa e 1060, futhi ngemva kwaso zidlulile kanye Ukubala of Anjou. Ngemva kokufa yemvelo kwabaphikisi bakhe, uWilhelm wanquma ukwenza ukuthula no-Paris. Wanikeza isifungo enkosini entsha - ingane Philip I. nombango phakathi izindlalifa e Anjou Geoffroy wavumela ekugcineni uWilliam ukunqoba Maine engumakhelwane.

Pretender yesihlalo sobukhosi IsiZulu

Ngo-1066, iNkosi u-Eduard Ispovednik washona ngo-England. Wayengenaso izindlalifa, okuyinto zaba zimbi udaba phambili kwamandla. Inkosi ubekade nobuhlobo obufudumele William - bona babehlangene no. Umkhulu Richard Ii isikhulu ngesikhathi esisodwa wasiza nombaleki Eduardo uyophephela ngesikhathi enye futhi impi yombango. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkosi akakuthandanga umbuthano wakhe izikhulu kanye nezifiso yasebukhosini eziningi zaseScandinavia, naye kwadingeka ilungelo lokubusa.

Ngenxa yalokhu, Edward uholwe umngane wayo oseningizimu. Sam uWilliam uMnqobi 1 ngomkhumbi eNgilandi lapho evakashele akhe sizana. ubudlelwano Trust uholé yokuthi le nkosi ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe wathumela ukuba uMbusi uHarold Godwinson (ngaphansi kwesizwe sakhe) ukunikela isihlalo sobukhosi IsiZulu ngemva kokufa kwakhe. Endleleni, isithunywa ngisekuhluphekeni. Bala Guy I Ponthieu wamthatha isiboshwa. William uHarold wasiza ukubalekela inkululeko.

Ngemva le sevisi uJehova izinduna bazithoba ukuba abe inkosi yangesikhathi esizayo yakwa-England. Nokho, ngemva kweminyaka embalwa ke kwashintsha kakhulu. Lapho Edward wafa, Anglo-Saxon King uHarold wamemezela ukwazi. Lezi zindaba kwaba unpleasantly bamangale Wilhelm. Sibambe ilungelo labo elisemthethweni, wabutha ibutho ethembekileyo waya enyakatho esiqhingini imikhumbi.

Inhlangano yomkhankaso neNgilandi

Kusukela ekuqaleni we ezingqubuzana British Wilhelm 1 (kabani biography wayegcwele izenzo ezicatshangwe kahle) azama ukukholisa ezizungezile amazwe aseYurophu ngakwesokudla. Ngenxa yalesi, wanikeza wonke emphakathini isifungo wanika UHarold. On izindaba asabela ngisho uPapa, ezasekela Duke yaseNormandy.

Wilhelm, ukuvikela idumela layo, nomthelela yokuthi nebutho lakhe wathela zonke Knights entsha khulula, ababezimisele ukusiza kuye ekulweni esihlalweni sobukhosi uyasuswa. Lokhu kusekela "ngamazwe" kuye kwaholela iqiniso lokuthi Normans babe ingxenye yesithathu yebutho kuphela. Zonke ngaphansi banner kukaWilliam waphenduka amasosha kahle ahlomile mayelana 7000. Phakathi kwawo kwakunodade owayesuka elihamba nabamahhashi. Bonke ohlezi umkhumbi futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo wafikela ogwini British.

Kungaba uyibize ngokuthi ukuphathwa Ukhulelwe umkhankaso, ebekubanjwe Wilhelm 1. Umlando Omfushane umbusi medieval siqukethe ngokuphelele ngezimpi izimpi, ngakho-ke, akumangalisi ukuthi wakwazi ukusebenzisa ngempumelelo nakho kwabo okudlule ecaleni main.

Impi nge uHarold

Ngalesi sikhathi, uHarold wayeshumayela enyakatho yeNgilandi Uzame simelane nokuhlaselwa amaViking Norwegian. Lapho ufunda lokufikela le Normans, uHarold baphuthuma eningizimu. Iqiniso ukuthi ibutho lakhe kwadingeka alwe nezimpi ezimbili, kusho indlela ezidabukisayo zokugcina-Anglo-Saxon yinkosi.

Okthoba 14, 1066 wahlangana amabutho esitha at Hastings. I mpi eyathatha amahora angaphezu eziyishumi, okuyinto Beku ngaleso sikhathi. Ngokokulandisa, impi yaqala nge impi esigcwele Knights ezimbili ezikhethiwe. I Duel saphela Norman wahlula, ngubani waquma ikhanda lika isitha sakhe.

Kwalandela ithuba ngenxa yabacibishelayo. Badutshulwa Anglo-Saxons, lawo ngokushesha sazithola iyahlaselwa abagibela amahhashi elihamba phansi. ibutho uHarold wahlulwa. Inkosi uqobo lwayo wabulawa empini.

Ukuvinjezelwa London, futhi wokugcotshwa

Ngemva ukunqoba ezifana lesitha, zonke laseNgilandi laliphethwe ukuzivikela uWilliam. Waya e-London. izikhulu zendawo uhlukanise kwaba amakamu amabili ukungalingani. Ingxenye ezincane wafuna uqhubeka umelana abokufika. Nokho, zonke izinsuku e ikamu laba Wilhelm kwezicebi entsha bese Earls ngubani bazithoba ukuba umbusi omusha. Ekugcineni, ngo-December 25, 1066 phambi kwakhe amasango omuzi.

Kwabe sekuthi ngo- Westminster Abbey, wokugcotshwa uWilliam. Naphezu kweqiniso ngale ndlela ukuthi kwakuyizwi igunya elimiswe ngokufanele esifundazweni kwakusadingeka ukungavumelani lendawo Anglo-Saxons. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, entsha Korol Vilgelm 1 wathatha ukwakhiwa inqwaba izinqaba nezinqaba, okufanele ukuba kwakumangalisa uyisiphephelo okumelwe asinike amabutho abaqotho ezifundeni ezihlukahlukene zezwe.

Ukulwisana ukumelana Anglo-Saxons

Leyo minyaka embalwa lokuqala, Normans kwadingeka ukuba zizibonakalise labo lokubusa ngempoqo isilo esinonya. Eziyizihlubuki zashiya enyakatho yeNgilandi, lapho kwathiwa kakhulu ukuthonywa oludala. 1 Korol Vilgelm uMnqobi wathumela njalo impi futhi ngokuphindaphindiwe wahola uhambo ingajezisa. isimo sakhe kwakunzima ngenxa yezinkinga iqiniso lokuthi lezi zihlubuki osekelwa Danes, owahamba ngomkhumbi on shumbi esuka ezwekazini. Kwakukhona eziningana izimpi ezibalulekile nesitha, lapho abawinile babe njalo Normans.

Ngo-1070 i-Danes zaxoshwa England, nezihlubuki eledlule phakathi kwamadoda asebukhosini ubudala ungeniswe kumphatsi wesifundvo inkosi entsha. Omunye wabaholi yombhikisho Edgar Eteling zabalekela emazweni angomakhelwane Scotland. umbusi walo Malcolm III uvikelekile nombaleki.

Ngenxa yalokhu, umkhankaso olandelayo, enhloko yalo wayemi uWilliam uMnqobi 1 lahlelwa. Biography King agcwaliswa enye impumelelo. Malcolm wavuma ukuqaphela kwakhe njengombusi waleli eNgilandi, futhi wathembisa ngokuthi ngeke uthathe ngaso izitha zakhe phakathi Anglo-Saxons. Njengobufakazi balokho izinhloso zabo nkosi Scottish wathumela indodana yakhe njengoba kalowo uDavide uWilhelm (lokhu kwaba isiko ejwayelekile ngokokuqala).

ibhodi okwengeziwe

Ngemva kwempi, inkosi yaseNgilandi kwadingeka ukuvikela emazweni yokhokho babo eNormandy. Wayihlubuka indodana yakhe siqu Robert, wayengafuni ukuba uyise akamnikelanga bamandla wangempela. Yena bacela ukusekelwa King of France Philip ukuvuthwa. Eminyakeni embalwa waya kwenye impi, okwakuthi ophumelele futhi yake Wilhelm.

Lokhu umbango uye ukuphazanyiswa kuye ngokuphelele ezindabeni zangaphakathi zamazwe ngesiNgisi. Nokho, eminyakeni embalwa kamuva wabuyela eLondon futhi baqala nabo ngqo. impumelelo yakhe eyinhloko kubhekwa I-Domesday Book. Phakathi nokubusa Wilhelm 1 (1066-1087) owawuse yokubala abantu jikelele ezweni Holdings embusweni. Imiphumela zazibonakala okukhulunywa ngaye encwadini edume.

Ukufa nenzalo

Ngo 1087, Inkosi ihhashi wagibela amalahle avuthayo, wagumbuqela ke. Lapho amakhosi ohlanga, walimala. Ingxenye sehhashi abamhlaba esiswini sakhe. Wilhelm wafa kwezinyanga ezimbalwa. Washona ngo-September 9, 1087. Indodana yakhe yesibili uWilliam washiyela amaNgisi umbuso, futhi indodana endala, Robert - Norman Duchy.

Conquest of England kwakushintsha emlandweni wezwe. Namuhla, kuzo zonke yephuzu umlando Britain kukhona isithombe uWilliam 1. Uhlanga lwamakhosi akubo leliya lizwe kuze 1154.