Khodynka yesigemegeme 1896 eMoscow

Umbusi wokugcina uMbusi waseRussia uNicholas II wayebizwa ngokuthi "Bloody" e historiography olusemthethweni Soviet. Isizathu esikhulu salokhu kwaba ezimbili. Okokuqala, i- Sunday Bloody ngoJanuwari 1905, lapho udwendwe kuya Sasebusika ukuba ukungaqondi noma ukucasulwa kwamhlangabeza sokuzingela volleys. Eyesibili isizathu - Khodynka nenhlekelele ngo-1896. Le nhlekelele uselokhu kumemori zabantu njengoba ukuhlakanipha okungokwesiko ka clichés ngamazwi, kodwa hhayi wonke umuntu uyazi izimo zakhe. "Khodynka" - futhi namuhla ngokuvamile ekhuluma isixuku ezithandekayo wayichoboza.

ekumisweni

Khodynskaya ngozi yenzeke ngesikhathi imikhosi anikezelwe wokugcotshwa Nikolaya Aleksandrovicha Romanova. Lo mkhosi senzeka ngoMeyi 14 futhi kwakuhambisana ezinye esethusayo sesibonakaliso. It wagcwala kweNyuka Cathedral eMoscow Kremlin. Umbusi esemncane, kodwa inkonzo futhi lwasituba ngaye. Lolo suku lwalubaluleke ashisayo, ithempeli laliyisikhungo stuffy lezigqoko eyenziwe Ezimweni ezinjalo, zehluke Ubukhosi ekhethekile nsuku zonke. Ngokuvamile, ngokuvumelana Umlando ka Abbot Serafim, nkosi eneminyaka engu-28 ubudala, bekulindeleke nje embi, yena bakhubeka cishe ngokuwa, ngisho kafushane ngaquleka. Lokhu kungenzeka ngamunye, kodwa kulo mongo leli qiniso kamuva esikuyi ukubusa izimo klikusheski waqonda.

Ukulala ngemva kangangokuthi abazange basithole wokugcotshwa isiko ambalwa Imperial waya Ilyinsky, Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich futhi u-Elisabethe umkakhe Feodorovna, futhi ngiphaphama umkakhe wayejabule ngokuthi zonke emikhosini siphezu kwayo futhi manje kungenzeka ukuba aphile ngokuthula, ukwenza nezindaba zomphakathi. Imikhosi eyayise isikhathi eside, kwaze kwaba ngo-May 26, kodwa ukubamba iqhaza nabo ngqo enkosini, kwaba akudingekile. Nokho, injabulo yaba ngaphambi kwesikhathi: izinsuku ezintathu kuphela kwakukhona Inhlekelele Khodynka.

uhlelo imikhosi

Nikolay Aleksandrovich okufuna ngobuqotho ukuba abe inkosi yabantu, kusukela ekuqaleni kokubusa kwakhe, wayefuna ukwenza ukuphila kube lula ukuze abantu abavamile futhi ngcono inhlalakahle yabo. Ekuqaleni kokubusa kwakhe is ngokwesiko kwandulelwe Manifesto, lobeka izimiso inqubomgomo ezifuywayo angaphandle. Abantu wathembisa (futhi ngesikhathi esifana ukubulawa) sezingeni elifanayo nasekunciphiseni umthwalo wentela, ukuthethelelwa isikweletu nezinye izinyathelo ezikahle i imvelo kwezomnotho. Ikakhulukazi, ngenxa isabelomali ukukhokha izikweletu izifundo ruble eziyikhulu namashumi bhiliyoni. Banikezwe ke amandla okuthenga ka lwemali isiRashiya, ungabona ukuthi kwaba imali eningi, okungafaniswa inani umkhiqizo yonyaka kazwelonke ka ezweni elikhulu asethuthukile. Yebo, futhi egameni yami Romanov ukungezwa izidingo jikelele eziningi - inombolo emihlanu-sibalo in ruble igolide.

ifindo ebulalayo

kabusha intela Emikhulu, okwaholela okwengeziwe ukusheshisa ukukhula zombuso, futhi akazange siqambe injabulo elula. "Dessert" Kwakuhlelwe ukunikeza Izigaxana isipho ayizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu amane amahle ukuthi abangu atshalwe Gingerbread, candies, amantongomane, amasosishi cod elimboze izindawo ezibandayo kanye nenkomishi enhle enziwe ubuchwepheshe bamuva langaleso sikhathi. Kwakuyisenzo esasibonisa yensimbi (futhi ngalesosizathu obungazange buphele, okuphakade) futhi imbozwe koqweqwe lwawo omnene ehlotshiswe ezimbili esinamakhanda ukhozi kanye monogram wasebukhosini.

Ngubani nje owayengenza wabikezela ukuthi ngenxa yalokho emnandi kuzo zonke izici iqoqo isipho, kusuka kulo kungaba namuhla akekho benqaba, kuzoba yinto embi kakhulu Khodynka nenhlekelele?

Ukulungiselela iholide futhi ukuhlukumeza we plan

Kamuva, ukuhlaziya izimbangela nokufa, izazi-mlando eziningi bathi imikhosi kabi okulungiselelwe kanye ihlelwe. Ngomqondo lokhu kuyiqiniso, ngoba umphumela odabukisayo liyazikhulumela. Khodynka nenhlekelele kwaholela yokuthi nje ngekota yehora esixukwini baba lusizi futhi inyathelwa ngokushaya waze washona ngo 1389 abantu, ukulimala of ntshashintshe namanje 2690. Kodwa kwakukhona ezidinga ngibonelele icala abagqugquzeli. Abakwazi ukubamba kumile ephelele, futhi short-termism nhlekelele ukuvala amathuba kokungenela. Beka isivimbelo kwimininingo ukunyakaza kwabantu base efakwe ezicijile ngemba imisele kusengaphambili, ukuze bagcine oda edolobheni Amaphoyisa ngokwanele. Nokho, amasosha, wayengekho. Okwenzeka izenzakalo ezinjalo ezenzeka eminyakeni eyishumi nantathu eyedlule (ke ezihlalweni zobukhosi bethwele nemiqhele Alexander III), akazange bakhomba iyiphi ingozi ekhethekile, bese konke kwahamba ithule cwaka futhi inokuthula, abantu babebukele emigqeni, wamukela izipho futhi sesihlukana.

Khodynka inhlekelele ngo-1896 kungenxa ukuqondana aluhlaza cwe. Ezinye abaphathi omunye ematendeni ngayikhulu namashumi ayisihlanu usabalalisa waqala ukusabalalisa amasethi nabangani bakhe, ngaphandle kokulinda ukuba ihora esibekiwe, ngisho ambalwa ngesandla esisodwa. Abantu (ezinye zazo abekade odakiwe), babuthana Khodynka ensimini ngayizolo, wakuphawula futhi wavukela. Khona-ke unecala wazama ukulungisa iphutha futhi waqala ngokukhipha amasethi ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Inqubo buphuliwe, waqala wayichoboza.

imiphumela

Khodynka nenhlekelele kwafaka nkosi novokoronovannogo liyaphithizela. Okwenza isimo sibe sibi ngenxa yokuthi yiso ngalolu suku yaqokwa inqubomgomo angaphandle umhlangano obalulekile kanye inxusa isiFulentshi, yena yayilungiselela kusengaphambili futhi ukukhansela kungenza yezinkinga zamanxusa. Inkosi nomkakhe kwadingeka ukuya Montebello futhi khona ibhola emva reception. Esikhathini esizayo, press ovulekile uye ulele leli qiniso Ngenxa yokuthi wabona ukuthi a "fun" mbhanqwana wasebukhosini hora abantu bokudabuka. Cha, uNicholas II akazange azikhohlwe ngabantu, kodwa ukubeka izithakazelo waseRussia ngenhla imizwa siqu. Yiqiniso, owayenecala ngale nhlekelele Khodynka wabonwa kuye njengoba wehlelwa usizi, futhi ngokushesha ngemva ekukhishweni protocol zamanxusa , waya ukuqonda izimo zakhe. Icala lihlehliselwe u-nje esheshisa. Nazi imiphumela:

- Ukaputeni wamaphoyisa akhululwe emsebenzini wakhe, abantu obhekene nengalo yomthetho. Izimo zase unanticipated, kodwa kufanele anakekele zonke.

- Imindeni izisulu Wamukele ayizinkulungwane ruble.

- Burial emathuneni ngabanye ekhiqizwa ngezindleko zikahulumeni.

- izingane eziyizintandane ezibekwe uyisiphephelo wasebukhosini.

- Zonke izimo icala emphakathini.

Kubafanele amazwi ekhethekile ngokwabo lokusinda izisulu. Akekho kubo akazange asole uhulumeni ngalokho okwenzekile. Yesivini kuphela ngokwakho nokuhaha yakho.