Umlando kanye ngonyaka Kazan

On iseluleko umthakathi, le Bulgars kwakudingeka bathwale umgodi wesikhamo omkhulu wamanzi, futhi endaweni lapho amanzi amathumba, kubalulekile ukwakha umuzi. Futhi lesi simangaliso kwenzeka ku echibini Kleban. Kwaba isiqalo lokuzalwa Kazan Khanate.

Indlela Bonke baqala

Lokhu kumane nje kungenye zinganekwane eziningi enhle kangaka ezisizungezile base Kazan. Kukhona izinguqulo kogebhezi mayelana elaliyiSulumane elizinikele, lahlabeka zazo hit isiphethu ngokuyisimangaliso, futhi mayelana esabekayo dragon nomlilo-ukuphefumula, okuyinto njalo kuboniswe elingenamikhono izingalo amakhulu eminyaka, nezinye izindaba eziningi ezithakazelisayo.

Unyaka esiqondile isisekelo Kazan, ngeshwa, ubizwe kuze okungekho omunye. Lapho kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala ke encwadini yezindaba zemihla ngemihla Russian esukela emuva eminyakeni 1376 futhi 1391, futhi imithombo empumalanga - ngekhulu le-15. Sokuma Rachkov wacabanga ukuthi Kazan yasungulwa ngemva kokufa Batu e 1255.

Kodwa isikhulu kubhekwa isikhathi ezahlukene, lapho phansi kwaba Kazan. Usuku 1005 esekelwe imiphumela abavubukuli kwa yaseKazan Kremlin.

Kwaphela isikhathi eside, elakhiwa njengoba inqaba emngceleni Bulgaria iVolga, Kazan bekuyingxenye Golden zidlamlilo. Lokhu kwakuwumnikelo ka-inkathi nokukhula umnotho. Ngenxa indawo yayo ezindawo kanye nokuthuthukiswa izinhlobo eziningi yezandla Kwamiswa ukuhweba kanye nobudlelwane kwezomnotho waseTurkey, eCrimea, eMoscow kanye nabanye.

Inkathi entsha

Ke kwabakho inkathi ubudlelwane sasivumela nzima nge eMoscow. Futhi naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi akuzange kugwemeke phakathi emizini enobudlelwane, impi.

Ngo-1552, amabutho Ivana Groznogo wathatha Kazan. ukulahlekelwa eziningi abantu empini Agasti, bese wathatha isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga Ushiye ukuvinjezelwa Kazan ithuba. Kwakuwunyaka ka-eyayinzima kunazo zonke emlandweni edolobheni. Kazan, indlela yalo yokuphila zayo zishintshwe ngokuphelele, futhi ngemva kokuwa emzini ngo-Okthoba 1552 waqala inkathi entsha lwekutfutfukisa esimweni Russian.

Bendawo kwaba ngaphandle komuzi, futhi indawo zokuhlala kwabo yaziwa ngokuthi i-Old Tatar zokuhlala. I Kazan kakhulu efanayo ngenkuthalo baqala ukuhlala abasuka imizi Russian. Ngo 1556, i-oda u-Ivan IV waqala ukuba kwakhiwe le Kazan Kremlin. Ugange lomuzi lwalwakhelwe futhi athuthukile kwezomnotho. Kwakubonakala izikebhe emizaneni eminingi, amabhuloho ezakhiwa, ifektri kuqala usethe.

Phakathi nokubusa uPetru Kazan Okokuqala wathola isimo dolobha yesifundazwe Kazan. Futhi kuvulwa yaseshashalazini unomphela kanye Kazan University (1791 futhi ngo-1804) kuvikelwe isihloko isikhungo samasiko nesayensi kuleli zwe.

Kodwa kwakukhona e Kazan kanye nezehlakalo ezibuhlungu. Fire ngesikhathi Pugachev kuvukela nomlilo yabenza 1815 futhi 1842 ezintathu izikhathi washisa umuzi cishe emhlabathini.

zokungcebeleka

Namuhla eKazan is kufanele kubhekwe ukuba inhloko-dolobha wesithathu Russia. Lokhu idolobha elinabantu bezizwe ezihlukahlukene eyingqayizivele ihlanganisa kwehlukahlukana kwemasiko nezinkolo.

Nakuba amakhaza ayeshubisa osekukade unyaka owasungula ezinjalo, Kazan ayikwazanga ukulondoloza ngempela izikhumbuzo zomlando.

Iningi nezakhiwo zasendulo futhi izincwadi zomlando kubaphathi Kazan labhujiswa imililo eminingi futhi ngezimpi ezibhubhisa, futhi izakhiwo eyinhloko Ensemble yezakhiwo imelelwa izakhiwo 19 no-20.

Kodwa naphezu kwaleli isithakazelo e Kazan ke kakhulu ngempela.

• Islamic Museum (yethula izikhumbuzo kwezemivubukulo 10-11 eminyaka);
• Isikhumbuzo Kazan cat (esakhiwe ngemiyalo yezikhulu uCatherine II);
• Ithempeli abavela kuzo zonke izinkolo;
• UPetru No-Paul Cathedral (eyakhelwe ngaphakathi kuhlonishwe umxhasi Petra Velikogo - uPetru noPawulu);
• Temple of the Cross;
• Azimov Mosque;
• Indlu Shamil;
• ONgcwele Assumption Monastery Zilant;
• Kazan University;
• Al-Marjani (. Eyokuqala itshe mosque eyakhelwe e Kazan emva ukuthunjwa Ivanom Groznym imvume uCatherine II);
• Ukuhlala egcekeni Kazan (sise indawo ye caravanserai medieval);
• Park iminyaka engu-1000th Kazan;
• I Senkulungwane Usuku olugujwa minyaka yonke Islam Mosque;
• Blue Lake;
• Nethempeli Face oNgcwele koMsindisi (esisogwini isiqhingi Kazanka, elakhiwa ngo-inkumbulo amasosha Russian owafa ngesikhathi ukuthunjwa Kazan) , kanye nabanye abaningi.

Futhi-ke, ezivakashelwa kakhulu izivakashi Kazan Kremlin. Lesi sakhiwo likhona ohlwini UNESCO amasayithi.

Yaqalwa ngo-1556, futhi manje isisezweni isakhiwo main zokuphatha. Kuyinto yokuhlala umongameli.

iminyaka engu-umxhwele

Ngo-2005 weza round futhi usuku olubalulekile - imakwe umlando Kweminyaka Kazan. Isisekelo edolobheni (usuku) e edolobheni sadonsa abantu abaningi. izikhulu kuphela abaye bavakashela inhloko-dolobha Tatarstan yokudumisa weminyaka, kwakukhona abayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi 10. On the izigaba muzi gala amakhonsathi.

Uhlanga ithrekhi entsha, ayengamangalelwa esenzeka ngalo kwepaki Kazan Millennium, fabulous zomculo esiteji imithombo. Futhi, izakhamuzi zedolobha alindele isipho wamukelekile ngesimo kuvulwa Kazan ngomshoshaphansi. Kwaphela ekugubheni a tysyachezalpovy salute okukhulu.

Ukubheka bobukhazikhazi lanamuhla omuzi wasendulo, kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi kuyoba 2000 ngonyaka th Kazan.