Izinkathi yomlando eMhlabeni Geological ngokulandelana kwezenzakalo. Umsuka wokuphila

Geochronology - division okunemibandela wonke umlando Umhlaba isikhathi eside isikhathi, izimpawu uphawu oluthile. Izinkathi yomlando eMhlabeni Geological ngokulandelana kwezenzakalo zenziwa ngesikhathi Okokuqala International Congress of zesayensi yokwakheka komhlaba. Setha nkathi yahlukaniswa asetshenziswe yokuma komhlaba geography nesayensi ephathelene.

nezikhathi amayunithi

Kukhona izikali ezimbili, ukunquma inkathi khona kule planethi yethu. Zibizwa ngokuthi: tincetu stratigraphic ukutadisha imali kuzosetshenziswa izinto ezinikeza amandla geochronological, ikhumbula ushintsho emhlabeni organic wezinto ezingaphili. Njalo ngezikhathi eside Geological yokuziphendukela kwemvelo eMhlabeni ezinye amagama: eons, kwezinkathi, nezikhathi, ekhulwini, izikhathi. Kukhona futhi ezincane zinkathi, okubhekiselwe kuyo emisebenzini kwesayensi, kodwa ngenxa ukuqonda jikelele umlando Umhlaba, abazi zinendima ethile.

nezikhathi Iningi ezinkulu

nezikhathi Stratigraphically Geological yomlando eMhlabeni Geological izindaba ngohlelo lokulandelana, ihlukaniswe Slots ezintathu ezinkulu, okuyinto ososayensi abakubiza ngokuthi eonothem:

• Archean;
• Proterozoic;
• Phanerozoic.

ngokuhlukana okunjalo esibekelwe ukungalingani. Isikhathi sokuqala ukuphila kwakhe eyathatha iminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2 ubudala, kuyilapho yokugcina uthatha iminyaka eyizigidi ezingu-512. Inkathi Geological futhi umlando lwezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni atehlukaniseki. izinguquko Kancane Kancane iphesenti ambalwa oksijini, amanzi, njengoba sinjalo of umfutho womoya kanye lokushisa kubangele eqa besikhathi kwemvelo. Buka le ubuhlobo kungaba yisibonelo incazelo emfushane izinkathi ezintathu eziyinhloko zokuphila eMhlabeni.

Archean

Archean futhi Proterozoic isikhathi - kungcono 4/5 wonke umlando iplanethi yethu. Nge kwesikhathi Archean iqala umlando Earth. Geological isikhathi embulungeni ushukumisela nokuqala kwenkathi Archean zeminyaka 4 billion edlule. Inkathi Archean - omdala, omude kunayo yonke ngesikhathi - ihlala iminyaka eyizigidi ezingu-12. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi, iplanethi yethu epholisa, ukwakha umongo ensimbi, lesi magmatic rocks lokuqala akhiwa, ezifana diorite negwadle. Izitekhi bezikhathi zasendulo, ososayensi baye bathola emaphethelweni isihlangu Greenland. Phakathi nenkathi Archean, izwekazi lokuqala, ososayensi okuthiwa Valbaru.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo asungula eziphilayo kuqala ophilayo Emhlabeni. Cishe, base yokuqothulwa anaerobic amagciwane. Ukuvela ukuphila ngqo okuhlobene inqubo ye-photosynthesis, okuyinto ngokushesha ehlukanisa zonke eziphilayo ezitshalweni nasezilwaneni. Umsuka photosynthesis ezenzeka esikhathini ulwelwe oluluhlaza kanye cyanobacteria owawunesihloko Sakhiwo sangekhatsi bakudala kangangokuthi ngisho nucleus lingekho therein.

Proterozoic

Isikhathi sokuqala emlandweni we Proterozoic libhekene ukwehla elibukhali ezingeni oksijini emkhathini. Mhlawumbe ngaleso sikhathi abanye nhlobo nenhlekelele cosmic, kodwa ngisho lolo shintsho kwaba yinhlekelele ngoba anaerobic nezilwanyana ezincane - ngabo-mpilo yamangqamuzana wazibonakalisa ebulalayo. Ngakho, izinto eziphilayo kuqala ophilayo Emhlabeni safa, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba ezinye izinto eziphilayo, okuhloswe ngazo ukusetshenziswa O _2.

Ngo umoya yehlise amazinga carbon dioxide futhi kwandisa umthamo amanzi - Kumiswa Oceans kuqala, okuyinto Yiqiniso, kwaba kancane kakhulu kunalokho namuhla. Futhi amazwekazi ihlangana zibe izwekazi entsha, eye yabizwa abanye ngokuthi ekhaya - lesi sehlakalo senzeka eminyakeni 1.15 billion edlule. Ekupheleni kwalesi sikhathi kufika ice age lokuqala, ehambisana ne-ukufuduka zezingongolo kazibuthe kanye zingashintsha inkathi ukujikeleza iplanethi. Ngaleso sikhathi, ososayensi baye bathi le okutholakele bokuqala izinsalela eziphilayo kuqala ophilayo - lihlotshaniswa okuvela amathambo ezintweni eziphilayo.

Phanerozoic

Abaseduze kithi umlando eMhlabeni Geological izindaba ngohlelo lokulandelana, zaziwa ngokuthi Phanerozoic. Isici osobala kakhulu kulesi sikhathi - umsuka wokuphila ngomqondo wesimanje wale nkulumo. Inkathi Phanerozoic eminyakeni million 542 edlule futhi kuyaqhubeka kuze kube manje. I ukwanda okukhulu kwezincwadi umoya-mpilo, kwaholela ekutheni kube boom wangempela izitshalo ezintsha ezimangalisayo nezilwane. Ososayensi zithi lo mjikelezo yonke indawo ngenxa yokuqhuma eCambria. I Phanerozoic uvele izinhlobo eziningi izitshalo yesimanje nezilwane atholwe yomgogodla futhi wenza isigaba esisha izidalwa eziphilayo eMhlabeni.

Lesi sigaba inikeza umqondo jikelele kanjani ososayensi abakubiza ngokuthi umlando eMhlabeni umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu. Ngokulandelana kwezenzakalo, kulula kakhulu ukukhumbula - izinhlamvu lokuqala Archean, Proterozoic futhi Era Phanerozoic ahlelwe ngokulandelana kwama-alfabhethi.