Abrama Hannibal - Afrika Umkhulu imbongi Russian

Ukhokho imbongi edumile Russian Aleksandra Pushkina Abrama Hannibal waphila isikhathi eside futhi engenakulibaleka. Indodana isikhulu yizicukuthwane Afrika, uthe wathunjwa isakhasa yi-Turks and ayiswe iConstantinople. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-eziyisikhombisa, umfana waseMoscow futhi baba intandokazi black umfana uPetru I. kwesikhathi, wakwazi ukuthola imfundo enhle futhi wenze umsebenzi brilliant lempi, njengoba ephakama elisezingeni Jikelele-in-Chief. Abrama Petrovich ehlela umlando umzukulu wakhe odumile A. S. Pushkinu, anikela umsebenzi wakhe zomlando "I Arap Petra Elikhulu."

Usuku nendawo umuntu azalelwa esikaHannibal

isikhumba Dark kanye izinwele ezimnyama abacaphuni Aleksandru Sergeevichu Pushkinu njengefa kusukela ukhokho wakhe u-Abrama uHannibal, owazalelwa endaweni Afrika kude futhi kushisa. A ukhokho black imbongi omkhulu wayeyindoda okungavamile, mathupha ujwayelene uPeter Omkhulu, casula Ioannovnoy, Elizabeth, nezinye ubuntu isikhulu esivelele sesonto sangekhulu XVIII. Yayiyini isiphetho abadumile Pushkin sika ukhokho? Funda mayelana kungaba ngokufunda yomlando wakhe.

Abrama Petrovich Hannibal wazalwa ngo kwekhulu XVII eminyakeni edlule. Usuku lokuzalwa kwakhe kuyinto 1696 noma 1697. Okwazalelwa Cishe iningi Hannibal kubhekwe Abyssinia - esifundeni enyakatho Ethiopia. Kodwa abanye abacwaningi Biography of amadlozi Pushkin sika sithambekele bakholelwa ukuthi ukhokho wakhe wazalwa Sultanate of Logone, elise emngceleni Cameroon neChad. Ngo umusa lokhu umbono ubonisa Hannibal Encwadini ebhalelwe iNdlovukazi Elizabeth, e anibizela endaweni lokuzalwa kwakhe edolobheni Logone. Nokho, kwakunzima ukuthola ubufakazi obubhalwe ekule nguqulo kuze kube namuhla.

Iminyaka yokuqala yokuphila

Ekuzalweni kwakhe, ukhokho ka Pushkin, u-Abrama Petrovich uHannibal egqoka igama Ibrahim. Uyise wayengumGreki isikhulu esiphawulekayo Afrika, ngubani wayenabafazi abaningi kanye nezingane. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-eziyisikhombisa, Ibrahim kanye nomfowabo omdala bathunjwa abaseTurkey nabanye futhi wathumela kuJehowashi iConstantinople. Kukhona abafana abamnyama ixazululwe esigodlweni (seraglio) futhi baqala ukupheka emakhasini Sultan. Futhi ubani owazi ukuthi bekuyokwenzekani uma ngo-1705 eConstantinople efika Bala Sawa Raguzinsky-Vladislavich futhi owabathenga njengesipho, uPeter Omkhulu.

Kungani Russian Tsar kudingeka izingane Afrika, okuyinto eRussia ngokuthi arapchatami? UPeter Omkhulu babehamba kakhulu eYurophu futhi ngokuvamile wabukela njengoba emakhosini akwamanye amazwe ezigodlweni zithithibele black umfana. Umthandi zonke kwezilwandle futhi okungajwayelekile, wayefuna waba inkonzo arapchonok. Kodwa hhayi noma imuphi, kanye nokufunda nokuloba futhi kuwukubonisa imikhuba emihle. Ngo uhloniphe ukuze izifiso uPetru mina, Raguzinsky Vladislavich-Ngabheka emva ku seraglio ofanele kakhulu ukukhonza esigodlweni abafana omnyama wathenga (evela kweminye imithombo - weba) kubo ngasekhanda we Seraglio. Ngakho nomfowabo Ibrahim babe eRussia.

Ukubhabhadiswa, nenkonzo uPetru mina

Ehlobo lika abafikayo 1705 arapchata bamukela ubuKristu Esontweni St Paraskeva, Vilnius. Phakathi isiko ubhapathizo Ibrahim yaqanjwa ngokuthi u-Abrama umfowabo - Alex. abazali Godfather Umkhulu Pushkin baba Potr Veliky nonkosikazi weNkosi Polish Agasti II, Christian Ebergardina. Patronymic black umfana waphiwa igama Russian Tsar nibabhapathize. Ngemva lomfana Afrika Ibrahim baba Abrama Petrovich. Kwaphela isikhathi eside asithwala igama Petrov (yokudumisa Godfather), futhi kuphela ekuqaleni 40-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu XVIII kuthiwa lathathelwa indawo.

Abrama Hannibal blackamoor uye abe intandokazi sikaPeter Omkhulu. Ekuqaleni, wakhonza njengephayona umthumeli-priporozhnika (umfana, owahlala e-embundwini amakota bobukhosi), wabe eseba valet noNobhala zenkosi. Peter mina ngakho omethembayo Negro yakhe eyamvumela ukuvikela izincwadi, amabalazwe kanye nemidwebo atholakala ehhovisi zakhe wamnika izimishini imfihlo. Ngo 1716, i-ukhokho ka Pushkin, u-Abrama Petrovich uHannibal waya enkosini ukuhamba lonke elaseYurophu. EFrance ke wayezimisele ukufunda kulesi sikole wobunjiniyela. Ngemva kokutadisha ke, u-Abrama Petrovich ezahlanganiswa ibutho French, waba nengxenye Impi Ye-1718-1820 sika-quarter Union, lapho amukelwa khona inxeba ekhanda.

Ukaputeni uHannibal e 1723, waphindela eRussia futhi ahlotshiswa ku Preobrazhensky Regiment, okuyinto iphansi kwesandla sika-Peter I. Ngenxa ulwazi izihlakaniphi izibalo, wathola e-Europe, waba ngowokuqala emlandweni Russian Army General Engineers. Ngaphezu sciences ngqo, u-Abrama Petrovich kahle umlando nefilosofi, wayazi French nesiLatini, ngakho emphakathini kwakufanele uphathwe njengongcwele indoda ababefunde bagogoda. Ngu-oda kaPetru Pushkin sika ukhokho wafundisa abasha izikhulu, izibalo kanye ne-engineering. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wayefundiswe ukuhumusha izincwadi angaphandle senkantolo yasebukhosini.

esekudingisweni

Izikhungo Abrama Petrovich Hannibal uPetru waqhubeka kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe ngo-1725. Ngemva nokushabalala Negro le Tsar yayisesandleni athandwe Prince Alexander Menshikov owaba de empeleni waba umbusi wezwe. Lokhu kwenzeke ngenxa yokuthi Hannibal wayazi kahle ububi bezono zakhe futhi izimfihlo. Wayaziwa mayelana izingobe kanye Prince ukuhlukunyezwa, futhi mayelana ubuhlobo bakhe obuseduze Catherine I. Efuna ukuqeda ubufakazi eziyingozi, Menshikov e 1727, Kumiswe kuye kusukela enkantolo futhi wathunyelwa eSiberia. Ngo ku-Abrahama Hannibal yayineminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amathathu. Kuze kube sekupheleni 1729 wabekwa kokuboshwa e saseTomsk, enika ngenyanga ruble 10.

Izikhungo e Pernove

Ngo-January 1730 wanyukela sobukhosi imperial nomshana Petra Velikogo sika, u-Anna Ivanovna. Wakhumbula kusuka ebuntwaneni Abrama Petrovich njalo wamphatha kahle. INdlovukazi entsha kukhanselwe isijeziso Hannibal futhi wamvumela ukuba aqhubeke inkonzo yakhe kwezempi. Kusukela ngo-January kuya ku-September 1730, yena waba ohlwini enkulu e ikampu Tobolsk, ngemva kwalokho waphinde wabizwa baseSiberia nabane sidluliselwe elise Eastland idolobha Pernau (manje - Parnu e-Estonia). Lapha Arap Petra Velikogo wanikezwa isikhundla unjiniyela likakaputeni. Kuyo yonke le minyaka 1731-1733 wakhonza njengephayona Usigaxamabhande kwendawo enezivikelo eziqinile Pernovskom nokufundisa okufanayo babashayeli Garrison School (junior onjiniyela lempi) umdwebo, izinqaba kanye mathematics. Ngo 1733 Hannibal wesulile esikhundleni sakhe, kusho isinqumo sakhe nezinkinga zempilo.

Umshado nge Dioper

Ngokushesha ngemva kokuthuthela ukhokho Pernau Pushkin, u-Abrama Petrovich uHannibal okokuqala empilweni yami ucabange ngomshado. impohlo Kuqinisekisiwe ngubani ekuqaleni kwawo-30 yalolucwaningo kwekhulu XVIII ephethwe ukushintsha sesine iminyaka eyishumi, akazange zihlupheka ngenxa yokuntuleka ukunakwa abobulili bubuhle. ukubukeka engavamile Hannibal bakhangwa ubuhle isiRashiya, nasezincwadini ziye e Moor somlilo kwaba eningi, kodwa akazange sibekezelele izindaba yokubonisana uthando senkonzo yezempi. Uma ucabangela ukuphila kwayo impohlo eyathatha isikhathi eside kangaka kuze kube sekupheleni 1730, ngenkathi ngezebhizinisi Petersburg, wahlangana nowesifazane ngesiGreki enhle Evdokia Dioper. Babasa intombazane imizwa abanothando Afrika abanquma ukushada naye.

Evdokia eyindodakazi omncane ngesiGreki isikhulu okwakuyinani lemikhumbi yempi kusukela Petersburg Andrey Diopera ngawo Hannibal kwakumelwe bahlangabezane ngesikhathi evakashele ibhizinisi. Ubuhlungu eside enhlokodolobha enyakatho kwaleso esibekiwe, esinguJesu Abrama Petrovich wethulwa umndeni wakhe. Arap oshisekayo indodakazi abasha bathandile Diopera, futhi wasikisela umshado. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi Evdokia Andreevna wayemthanda a uLieutenant abasha Aleksandra Kaysarova futhi elungiselela umshado, ubaba wakhe wanquma ukuthi godson kaPetru ngizoba kangcono iqembu lakhe. Ekuqaleni kuka-1731, washada amandla Abrama yayo Petrovich eSt uSimeyoni Church Petersburg. Ngemva komshado umbhangqwana waya Pernau, lapho Hannibal wakhonza. Ukuze uLieutenant Kaisarov hhayi edidekile Hannibal endleleni, wathunyelwa e-Astrakhan.

Ukukhaphela futhi inkantolo

umshado Ephoqelekile akazange ulethe injabulo noma Abrama Petrovich, noma umkakhe osemusha. umyeni Evdokia abakuthandi nokuthembeka akazange ahlale. Ngo Pernove yena ngigqolozele lempi abasha futhi kungakabiphi baba inkosikazi sendawo Don Juan Shishkin, owayeyilungu umfundi umyeni wakhe. Ekwindla ka-1731 Dioper wazala intombazane elimhlophe-uhlinzwe futhi engenzeleli asebegugile ababengakwazi kube indodakazi bomdabu Afrika Abrama uHannibal. Ngo Pernove eyaqala isikhathi izakhamizi 2000 nje, izindaba ukuzalwa black unjiniyela induna ingane emhlophe baba umuzwa wangempela. Pushkin sika ukhokho Abrama Petrovich Hannibal wabanjwa nhla bebahleka futhi wacasulwa ukungathembeki yomkakhe. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi aziloba incwadi yakhe yokusula emsebenzini, lesi sinqumo kuphela 1733 ngemva ukuxoshwa Abrama Petrovich iyiswe Manor Karyakyula sise Reval.

Hannibal ayikwazanga uthethelele imbuka-unkosikazi. Kwake ukuthi waphakamisela emshaya, igcinwe ukuvalelwa futhi esongela ukumbulala. Engafuni ukuba baphile isikhathi eside kanye Evdokia endlini efanayo, waqala isehlukaniso elikhulu, isola zakhe zokuphinga. Inkantolo lempi wathola Dioper icala futhi wavumelana ukuthumela kwakhe egcekeni Isibhedlela, eyayinekheli zonke iziboshwa. Kukhona unkosikazi ongathembekile esichithwa ende engu-11. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi Evdokia wecala kwafakazelani, inkantolo akazange waphonsa kumyeni wakhe, futhi kuphela ajeziswe sokuphinga.

umshado wesibili

Nakuba Evdokia Dioper wayedonsa isigwebo sokuba bayavukela umyeni akhe eshada okwesibili. Okhethiweyo Abrama Petrovich waba yizicukuthwane enhle umsuka Swedish Christina Regina von Sjöberg, owayehlala Pernove. Wayengumngane ezingaphansi kuka umyeni wakhe weminyaka engu-20. Umshado naye Abrama Petrovich kwaphela 1736, kunokuba kulethele isitifiketi incwadi enkantolo yezempi, eqinisekisa Iqiniso ukukhashelwa kumkakhe wokuqala. Ngemva komshado, waletha umkayo Manor Karyakyulu.

1743 Evdokia Dioper ededelwa ejele futhi ngokushesha wakhulelwa. Ukuze ashade umthandi entsha, wathi bafaka isicelo sabefundisi ezingokomoya esiyisisekelo sesehlukaniso nge uHannibal okuyinto wayebhekwa e infidelities bakhe esikhathini esidlule. isinyathelo Okungalindelekile Evdokia cishe abiza u-Abrama Petrovich inkululeko nomsebenzi wokuziphilisa, ngoba kungenzeka ngokuthi isithembu. Isehlukaniso Laqulwa kuze 1753 futhi saphela ngokukhululwa Hannibal kungalindelekile kahle: wayalwa ukuba baphenduke futhi ukukhokha inhlawulo. Isigungu sabefundisi wavuma umshado wakhe Hristinoy Sheberg elivumelekile, ucabangela enecala lesi simo, inkantolo yezempi, futhi lokho akuzange kudingeke ukuba bahlole udaba ukuphinga ngaphandle kobukhona isiGungu Esingcwele seSonto. Evdokia nenhlanhla kakhulu. Ukuze waphinga ebusheni bakhe, wagwetshwa ukuba agqunywe Staraya Ladoga sezindela lapho wahlala kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe.

yesizukulwane

Ushadile nge Hristinoy Sheberg ngesikhathi imbongi ukhokho wazalwa izingane 11, babo ngasinda mdala, eziyisikhombisa kuphela (Ivan, Osip, u-Isaka, uPetru, uSophia, walandela u-Elisabethi Anna). Izingane Abrama Gannibala wamnika okuningi abazukulu. Osip indodana yakhe 1773 washada noMariya Alekseevne Pushkin, owabhala la mazwi eminyakeni 2 kamuva wabeletha indodakazi, Hope - Umama Russian ubuhlakani Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina.

A abanebala elinsundu ingane godson kaPetru mina evelele kunazo ubeyindodana yakhe endala, u-Ivan. Yena wayengumbulali Russian nomholi wezempi abadumile nomyali Black Sea Fleet. Phakathi nempi Russian-Turkish ka 1768-1774 Ivan wayala impi ye Navarino, begodu bazibandakanya Battle of Chesma. Eholwa lakhe 1778 Kherson yasungulwa. Njengoba ubona, kodwa uhlangulisa inzalo ka Abrama Gannibala baba obuvelele yinhlonipho abantu.

umsebenzi Military ngaphansi U-Elizabeth I

Ngo 1741 Abrama Petrovich wabuyela inkonzo yezempi. Phakathi nale nkathi, wanyukela indodakazi sobukhosi Petra Velikogo sika-Elizabeth I, ababefuna Arap futhi ithuthukise umsebenzi wakhe. Biography Abrama Gannibala libonisa ukuthi 1742 wathola isipho esivela Manor Empress Karyakyulu ayephila kuso, kanye nezinye izigodi eziningana. Ngawo lowo nyaka, uHannibal wakhushulwa esikhundleni sokuba Usigaxamabhande induna Revel futhi ukhishwa esigodlweni emazweni aseduze Pskov, lapho kamuva eyasungulwa Manor Petrovsky. Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-40-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu XVIII ekuthatheni isinyathelo Abrama Petrovich Elizabeth Petrov yashintsha igama lakhe kuze kube Hannibal sonorous ngaphezulu walithatha behlonipha umlawuli edume endala, ngubani, abafana naye, kukhona abadabuka Afrika.

Ngo 1752 wathunyelwa Petersburg kusukela Revel Abrama uHannibal. Afrika Umkhulu ubuhlakani Russian lapha wasebenza njengoba ekuphatheni ubunjiniyela ingxenye, futhi kamuva wengamela ukwakhiwa Kronstadt futhi Ladoga isiteshi , futhi wasungula isikole ngenxa yabantwana bakwa-nabakhi abasebenzi. Abrama Petrovich ukhushuliwe elisezingeni Jikelele-in-Chief futhi wathatha umhlalaphansi ngo-66 ubudala.

Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Ngemva ukuxoshwa black Pushkin sika ukhokho ixazululwe nomkakhe edolobhaneni Suyda eduze Petersburg. Wayengumuntu okhuluma ngomnikazi wezwe ocebile kakhulu, engabanikazi bephephandaba ezingaphezu kwezingu-3 ayizinkulungwane serfs. Ngo Suyda Hannibal Uchithe isonto eledlule 19 iminyaka yokuphila kwakhe. Ukumvakashela ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa wavakashela Alexander Suvorov, ngubani noyise, u-Abrama Petrovich wayengumngane isikhathi eside. Ngokusho amahlebezi, nguye wathonyelwa umngane wakhe ukuze afundise indodana yakhe ukuba ezindabeni zezempi.

Ebusika 1781 eneminyaka engu-iminyaka engu-64 ushonele Christina Sjöberg. Hannibal ngasinda wakhe esenezinyanga 2 kuphela, futhi wafa ngo-Ephreli 20, 1781. Wayeneminyaka engu-85 ubudala. Abrama Petrovich wangcwatshwa emathuneni edolobhaneni Suyda. Ngeshwa, ithuna lakhe kuze kube yilolu suku engakaze balondolozwa. Manje indlu, lapho afike achitha khona iminyaka yakhe yokugcina, uHannibal, kuyinto impahla yakhe yesikhumbuzo.

Le mpikiswano phezu isithombe Pushkin sika ukhokho

Akwaziwa besikhathi sethu olufana Abrama uHannibal. Photo of isithombe sakhe edlubhe, okumelelwe ezincwadini nakuyi-Internet, abacwaningi ekugcineni siyachazwa. Ngokusho kwenye inguqulo, ababoniswe i ngendwangu ixhegu losisebenti ukhokho ka Pushkin Abrama uHannibal ngakolunye - jikelele-e-abakhulu nesikhathi uCatherine II Ivan Møller Zakomelsky. Ngandlela-thile, kodwa portrait esekhona sendoda abanebala elinsundu edlubhe izingubo zamasosha, wokuphila iningi Pushkin ubhekwa izithombe ezimbalwa abasindile Abrama Petrovich.

Imemori esikaHannibal ezincwadini kanye cinema

Abrama uHannibal Pushkin awamtholanga. I edume imbongi Russian yazalwa eminyakeni 18 ngemva kokufa kumkhulu wakhe Afrika. Alexander kwaba njalo ithande biography of Abrama Petrovich futhi chaza ukuphila kwakhe emsebenzini wakhe sidle zomlando "I Arap Petra Elikhulu." Ngo-1976, umqondisi Soviet Alexander Mitta esekelwe inoveli Pushkin sika uzisusile sici film "The Tale of kanjani Tsar uPetru Moor washada". indima uHannibal e ifilimu kudlalwa uVladimir Vysotsky.