Lapho uPetru wazalwa 1, Biography emfushane, nokubusa

Ucwaningo we sihloko "Personality Petru 1" Kubalulekile ukuqonda yezinguquko abazifunayo eqhubekayo e-Russia. Phela, zethu izwe elinefomu monarchical kahulumeni ngokuvamile umlingisi, ubuntu kanye kumiswa inkosi kunqunywa emgqeni eyinhloko ukuthuthukiswa setepolitiki. Lokhu wokubusa Tsar ihlanganisa impela isikhathi eside: e 1689 (lapho ekugcineni ngayisusa kusukela nezindaba zomphakathi udadewabo UZandile), futhi ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe ngo 1725.

izici Jikelele kwenkathi

Ukucutshungulwa mayelana lapho uPetru wazalwa 1 kufanele kuqale uhlaziyo jikelele isimo zomlando eRussia ekupheleni XVII - ekuqaleni XVIII leminyaka. Kwakuyisikhathi lapho lizwe preconditions bekulungele ukushintsha sina profound ezombusazwe, ezomnotho, ezenhlalo nezamasiko. Kakade phakathi nokubusa Alexei Mikhailovich ngokucacile baphawula umkhuba maqondana Ukungena impumelelo Western Europe kuleli zwe. Ngesikhathi mbusi sathathwa izinyathelo eziningana okuguqula ezicini ezithile kuphela zokuphila emphakathini.

Ngakho-ke, lo muntu we Petru 1 kwamiswa ngesikhathi lapho umphakathi uye ngokucacile umqondo sidzingo setingucuko sina. Kule ndaba, kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi umsebenzi nokuguqulwa Umbusi wokuqala Russian awavelanga aphume ndawo, kwaba umphumela yemvelo edingekayo yokuba zonke ukuthuthukiswa esandulele yezwe.

ebuntwaneni

Petru 1 emfushane biography, nokubusa guqula ayisihloko yalokhu kubukezwa, wazalwa ngo-May 30 (9 Juni) e 1672. Indawo oluqondile lokuzalwa kombusi esizayo alwaziwa. Iphuzu ezivamile umbono, le ndawo bekulokhu ezibiyele, kodwa futhi ukhombe edolobhaneni Kolomenskoye futhi Izmailovo. WayeyiZwi ingane lweshumi nane emndenini Tsar Alexei, kodwa kuqala nomkakhe wesibili u-Natal Kirillovny. Petru 1 emgqeni komama bavela Naryshkin. Yayiyindodakazi ka gentry lawela, okungase kamuva predetermined umzabalazo wabo neqembu elikhulu futhi onethonya Boyar Miloslavskys esigodlweni, ababeyizihlobo yenkosi unkosikazi wakhe wokuqala.

Ebuntwaneni Petru 1 adlula hlangana abahlengikazi akamnikelanga imfundo sina. Yingakho kukuwe kwaba sekupheleni kokuphila futhi bazifunde ukuthi ukufunda nokubhala, kanye nemisebenti yekubhala amaphutha. Nokho, kwaba umfana into eziyibonayo kakhulu okuthiwa uthanda konke, u-Anansi wathola ingqondo enelukuluku, okuyinto kunqunywa isithakazelo ayenaso isayensi esisebenzayo. I ngasekupheleni kwekhulu XVII, wazalwa nini, Petru 1, kwaba isikhathi lapho imbozwe imfundo European, kodwa eminyakeni yokuqala kombusi esizayo zidlulile kusukela ngenkathi izitayela ezintsha e okusezingeni eliphezulu umphakathi imibuthano.

intsha

Life of Prince waqhubekela edolobhaneni isimo, lapho, eqinisweni, wasala yedwa. Ngokuzimisela ukhulisa umfana engakathenjiswa umshado kwelinye, ngakho yokufunda kwakhe kwaba bemvelo olukha phezulu le minyaka. Nokho ebuntwaneni 1 Petru wayenothile kakhulu futhi lithela ngendlela ngokuya kumiswa umbono wakhe nentshisakalo izifundo yesayensi ezingokoqobo. Yayinesithakazelo sina enhlanganweni kwezinhloko zamaviyo, okwangenza okuthiwa emashalofini ezihlekisayo, eyayihlanganisa egcekeni abafana bendawo, kanye nabantwana bakwa-gentry, ogama ezibonakalayo atholiwe eseduze. Kanye nalezi amayunithi amancane wathatha zibuswa ayengayilungiselelanga wahlela ukulwa futhi amacala, esikhiqiza ukuhlaselwa. Maqondana esifanayo singasho ukuthi kukhona uxhaxha uPetru 1. Ekuqaleni kwaba nje lapho kuqhamuka isikebhe esincane kancane, kodwa nokho ubhekwa uyise ka weqembu lemikhumbi Russian.

Izinyathelo zokuqala sina

Sishilo kakade ukuthi ngesikhathi kokuzalwa Petru 1, ubhekwa inguquko emlandweni Russia. Ngalesi sikhathi kwase isikhundla, lapho kwakukhona bonke izimfanelo ezidingekayo ukuze layo ufake enkundleni ngamazwe. Izinyathelo zokuqala athathwa kulesi siqondiso ngesikhathi uhambo phesheya imithetho yombusi ikusasa lamazwe Western Europe. Khona-ke wakwazi bezobona impumelelo lala mazwe emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yokuphila.

Petru 1, Biography emfushane ukuthi lufaka lesi yisigaba esibaluleke kakhulu ekuphileni kwakhe, baziswa ipumelelo eNtshonalanga Yurophu, ikakhulukazi ubuchwepheshe nezikhali. Nokho, yabhekisela amasiko nezemfundo kulawa mazwe, ezikhungweni zabo zezombusazwe. Ngemva kokubuyela e-Russia, wenza umzamo nesimanje apharathasi zokuphatha, yempi, umthetho owavela ukulungiselela izwe ukungena enkundleni ngamazwe.

Esigabeni sokuqala kwiBhodi: ekuqaleni kabusha

Inkathi ukuzalwa Petru 1, kwaba yisikhathi ukulungiselela izinguquko ezinkulu ezweni lethu. Yingakho ukuguquka umbusi wokuqala wavela kuze kube seqophelweni nanolwazi amakhulu eminyaka kumdlali. Ekuqaleni kokubusa kwakhe, lo mbusi omusha waqeda Boyar Duma okwakukhona zakonosoveschatelnogo igunya ngesikhathi kubusa amakhosi asohlwini kwangaphambilini. Kunalokho, wadala isiGele imodeli West Europe. Kwakudingeka ukuhlangana senators ku ezilandelwayo imithetho. Indlela yokuthi ekuqaleni kwaba isilinganiso wesikhashana, kodwa, lapho, waphumelela kakhulu: kulesi sikhungo waqhubeka kwaze kwaba Februwari Revolution-1917.

kugucuka okwengeziwe

Sekuvele ukuthi Petru 1 ohlangothini komama livela umndeni hhayi yizicukuthwane kakhulu zasebukhosini. Nokho, unina wakhuliswa umoya AseYurophu, Yiqiniso, yaba nethonya ungubani bomfana, yize indlovukazi emfundweni indodana yakhe banamathela ukubukwa nezenzo bendabuko. Nokho inkosi bayichezukisa ukuguqula cishe yonke imikhakha yempilo yomphakathi Russian, okuyinto kwaba ngokoqobo ngokudingeka ngenxa ekunqotshweni ophumayo Russian noLwandle iBaltic kanti ukukhululwa yezwe enkundleni ngamazwe.

Futhi ngakho kuKesari kwashintsha apharathasi zokuphatha: ibhodi idale esikhundleni oda, esiGungwini ukuphathwa ezindabeni zesonto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wakha impi njalo futhi imikhumbi Petru 1 isibe omunye eziqine phakathi kwamandla asolwandle.

Izici imisebenzi kabusha

Inhloso esemqoka nokubusa koMbusi kwaba ukushintsha lezo zindawo ukuthi wayedinga ukubhekana imisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu ngesikhathi ukulwa imisebenzi nezimpi eziningana. yena kusobala ukuthi bacabanga ukuthi lezi zinguquko kuyoba yesikhashana. Mlando Iningi zanamuhla uyavuma ukuthi umbusi kwakungelona hlelo ngenhloso imisebenzi ukuguqula izwe. Ochwepheshe abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi wayenza ngesisekelo ngezidingo ezikhethekile.

Okusho uMbusi izinguquko owamlandela

Nokho, lo mkhuba kabusha wakhe amanga ngokungenaphutha yokuthi lezi zinyathelo ezibonakala yesikhashana eside ngasinda kumdlali futhi yayikhona cishe ingashintshiwe amabili eminyaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nabalandeli bayo, isibonelo, uCatherine II, ikakhulukazi igxile ukuwufinyelela. Kuthiwa umbusi kabusha weza endaweni futhi ngesikhathi esifanele. Life Petru 1, eqinisweni, lunikezelwa ukushintsha futhi sithuthukise ezinhlakeni ezahlukene zomphakathi. Kodwa akukho nesithakazelo konke entsha, ipumelelo West zokweboleka kuqala kukho konke ukucabanga ngalokho uyazuza oyoziletha Russia. Yingakho aguqulayo yakhe umsebenzi isikhathi eside bakhonza njengesibonelo setingucuko ngesikhathi sokubusa abanye ababusi.

Ubuhlobo kwabanye

Lapho echaza ubunjalo inkosi akufanele neze sikhohlwe ukuthi uhlanga kwakungekaNkulunkulu boyar uPetru 1. Ohlangothini komama wayethethelela bavela izikhulu hhayi kakhulu kahle uzalwa cishe kunqunywa isithakazelo sakhe hhayi kwamadoda asebukhosini, kanye kokufaneleka komuntu ezweni kanye nekhono layo ukukhonza. UMbusi awawazisanga erenki nesihloko, nowamathalenta ezithile abangaphansi. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi indlela yeningi kaPetru mina nabantu, naphezu kwakhe zaziqinile futhi unesihluku imbala.

iminyaka phakathi

Eminyakeni yamuva, impilo yombusi wafuna ukuhlanganisa le impumelelo izuzwe. Kodwa nangu manje-yena unezinkinga ezinkulu yindlalifa. Inkinga Dynastic emva umthelela omubi kakhulu ekuphathweni zezombusazwe futhi kwaholela nobunzima obukhulu kuleli zwe. Iqiniso lokuthi indodana uPetru, Tsarevich Alexei waya amelane noyise, angafuni ukuqhubeka ngaphandle kwekuhlela kabusha yakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkosi babenezinkinga ezinkulu emkhayeni. Noma kunjalo, wayeqikelela ukuthi etukwetimphumelelo wathola isihloko umbusi kanye neRussia yama yaba umbuso. Lo mnyakazo ephakanyiswe isithunzi ngamazwe wezwe lakithi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uPetru A. Russia usezuze ukuqashelwa ophumayo noLwandle iBaltic, owawungumnyaka zibaluleke kakhulu sokuthuthukisa ukuhweba futhi ibutho lasolwandle. Kamuva, owamlandela Waqhubeka nenqubo kulesi siqondiso. Ngaphansi uCatherine II, isibonelo, i-Russia esekwazi ukungena oLwandle Olumnyama. Umbusi wabulawa izinkinga imikhuhlane ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe kwakungazange kube wenza intando, okwaholela ukuvela pretenders eziningi eziya esihlalweni sobukhosi, futhi ngokuphindaphindiwe umbuso esigodlweni.