Leonid Khrushchev: Biography nesithombe

wokubusa Khrushchev sika (1953-1964) - inkathi kuphela emlandweni Soviet ukuthi abantu khumbula amazwi amahle. Article Hero - Hruschova leonid indodana, ogama biography kusese wavusa impikiswano mlando zezemfundo ayifiki ukuvumelana.

abazali

Kuyaziwa ukuthi umfana wazalwa ensimini ka Donbass yesimanje - edolobhaneni metallurgists Yuzovka, ngemva kwezinsuku ezintathu, ngemva Okthoba Revolution. Usuku lokuzalwa - 10.11.1917. Wayengumuntu uthunjana Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev kanye Euphrosyne Ivanovna (nee - Pisarev). Imibhalo 07.02.1914 Nicholas Isonto Bakhmut County (okwami "Rutchenkovskiy") kukhona irekhodi sokubhaliswa kwalo olusemthethweni ngomshado. kwalolu mbimbi kuyoba kuphela semthethweni ibhalwe ngaphambi kokukhululwa kwe Khrushchev ethathe umhlalaphansi.

Yefrosinya kwaba enye yamadodakazi ezinhlanu umnikazi wendlu, ngaleso sikhathi, "sahamba" Khrushchev. Leonid ebuntwaneni cishe akazange awukhumbule uyise. Ngo-1918 waya Impi yombango ukuze amaBolshevik, futhi umfazi - esifundazweni eKursk, wokukhathazeka kubazali bakhe. Ngo-1920, washona ze-typhus, kokushiya indodakazi yendoda yakhe, noJuliya, 1915 p. nendodana. Photo yowesifazane kungabonwa esihlokweni ngezansi. Ukuze uNikita Khrushchev, kwaba ukushaywa kakhulu okuyindawo uzolulama kuphela eminyakeni 4, ngokudala umndeni omusha.

ebuntwaneni

Izingane ezishonile ezingaphansi ku ogogo nomkhulu, kuze ubaba ayithatha ukuba yena. party yakhe yesikhathi wathatha Vgoru, futhi ngo-1931 bathuthela eMoscow, Khrushchev. Yulia unomfazi entsha Nikita Sergeyevich - Nina Kukharchuk - ababenakho obuhle, okuyinto akulona iqiniso mayelana leonid. Empeleni bakhula emgwaqeni, inyumbazana yedwa. Ngemva kokuthola iziqu emakilasini eziyisikhombisa, wabhalisa esikoleni, eneminyaka engu-17 ngaqala ukusebenza efektri.

Leonid Khrushchev waphumelela kakhulu nabesifazane. Iminyaka engamashumi amabili Ngiyishiyile nezinsizwa ezimbili, nomunye - nengane ngezingalo zakhe. Bobabili babengamaJuda. Nge Rosalia Treyvas, actress, waze ngemvume, kodwa uyise demonstratively waklebhula isitifiketi somshado. Esfir Etinger, izindiza indodakazi ka-1935 wabeletha indodana yakhe Yuri, eyachitha konke ukuphila kwayo egqoka nesibongo Leonida Hruschova. Ubaba ngonyaka ngaphambi wamiswa uNobhala lokuqala CIM, esihlinzeka amathuba amasha indodana yakhe.

"Youth - esibhakabhakeni!"

KukaStalin yezikhalazo zezindiza ukuthatha nomphumela kwi "intsha osemqoka" isikhathi sakhe. Amadodana abantu kuqala abasifunda Bba. Zhukovsky. It wahlonitshwa kakhulu, bayalingana. Ngenxa yokuthi wayefunde ezikoleni leonid Hruschov ayikwazanga ufanelekele Zhukovka, kodwa waya pilot esikoleni GVF (Balashov). Ngemva kokuphothula ke ngo-1937, wabe esengeniswa sokuqeqesha, kodwa edeskini akazange ahlale phansi. Ngo-1939, ngokuzithandela bajoyine iRed Army, ukuze uqhubeke ukuqeqeshwa e EVASCH (zezindiza zesikole Engels).

Phakathi neMpi Yezwe LaseSoviet-Finnish, wazicelela ngaphambili, flying ekuhlaseleni Ar-2. Air Division umkhuzi wanikeza incazelo enhle kakhulu uLieutenant, owayehlangene nokubhonywa le Mannerheim Line.

Inganekwane yokuqala - ukukholwa kuqala

Ngo-1938, ubaba wakhe (N. S. Hruschova) wayiswa e-Ukraine, lapho waya ephakeme. Ngemva konyaka, leonid washada lotchitse eMoscow Aeroclub Lyubovi Sizyh, kwathi ngo-January 1940, indodakazi Julia wazalwa. Unkosikazi owawufana ubunjalo kumyeni wakhe: parachutist zinesibindi, adumileyo iphathwe isithuthuthu. Wabuye babenedumela kwakwakhiwa ngisho budedengu. Bakwazi ukuthuthela ezandleni ezisekelweni kwaleli bhuloho komunye yasebhange Dnieper kuze kube komunye. Lona wesifazane osemusha uye waba nengane, kodwa lokho akuzange kuwumise Nikita Sergeyevich ukwamukela ukukhetha ndodana.

Kwakungenxa leminyaka, izinkumbulo Sergo Beria, leonid Khrushchev - indodana Nikity Hruschova - lihlotshaniswa izigebengu. Isigejana eyingoduso e highway gebenga futhi kwavezwa ngaphambi kokuqala kwempi. Abaningi badutshulwa, futhi le ndodana yalo uNobhala Okokuqala iCommunist Party of Ukraine okusolakala ukuthi wamukela u iminyaka engu-10 ebhadla ejele. Yavela kanjalo-ke inganekwane yokuqala, ababutholanga ubufakazi obubhalwe phansi. Ifayela siqu leonid Khrushchev igcinwe endaweni yokugcina ka-Ministry wezokuVikela (Podolsk), e-okukhuluma yasekuqaleni nakuphathwa yerekhodi yisigebengu akusho.

Ukugqashuka kwempi

Kusukela ngosuku lokuqala impi, kanye nezinye "ezibiyele lieutenants" - Mikoyan bazalwane, Yakov Dzhugashvili, Timur Frunze, Vasily Stalin, indodana Khrushchev sika ithunyelwa phambi. Izinyanga ezimbili zokuqala ibutho landizela ngaphandle kwesembozo, ukulahlekelwa kakhulu abashayeli bezindiza zayo. Aces German sekudlule umkhuba flying e-Europe, wamelana abathweswe iziqu wayizolo izikole okokuqala ukuqhuba amasondo ayo.

Phakathi kwawo kwakunodade owayesuka i Khrushchev abanolwazi futhi enesibindi. Leonid ngalwa 134 Aviation Regiment (46th Division), Esenze kuphela ngoJulayi 27 nokuhlasela. Emva kokuqeda i-mission ukubhubhisa ibhuloho loMfula Zapadnaya Dvina, ke wethulwa imiklomelo wezempi. Thola Red Banner Order of ekuqaleni kwempi - kwaba a rarity kweqiniso. Januwari 9, 1942 lokuqala indiza wakhe wadutshulwa phansi wahlala endaweni hlangothi. Crew bophulwe, kodwa umshayeli walimala kabi. Ngenxa yalokho, i ukwa evulekile wethambo wafohla emakhokho akhe, futhi esibhedlela ukulungiselela ukuhlinzwa ukuze usinqume imilenze yakhe.

Ukwelashwa e Kuibyshev

Ngokuba ukuphila insizwa sika kwakungenakwenzeka ngaphandle esibhakabhakeni. Abazibonele bathi esabise odokotela isibhamu, yayala ukuba zikhulekele ukuyeka ukusebenza. Kwaze kwaphela izinyanga ezimbili wachitha embhedeni, kodwa umzimba abasha ukuba ngibhekane nenkinga yami. Izinyonga ngenxa yokuthi emlenzeni owodwa kwaba esimfushane kunamanye, uzohlala naye kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinsuku. Pilot ethunyelwe Kuibyshev, lapho zazikade zisusiwe engcono ukukhanya imithi. Lapha umndeni owahlala khona. Khrushchev uqobo weza phambi ukuvakashela ingane yayilimele, ezibandakanya ngesisa ekhethekile.

Leonid Khrushchev kwaba egumbini elilodwa ne Ruben Ibarruri. Esibhedlela wahlangana UStepan Mikoyan, owaba wokuzibonela abakhulu Kuibyshev isikhathi yakhe yokuphila. Kusukela amazwi Mikoyan pilot eyayilimele ngokuvamile waphuza, uphethe ubungane abadansi we Bolshoi Theatre, zayiswa edolobheni. Ekupheleni nokuvuselelwa eyayihilelekile indaba zokudakwa enesiphetho esibuhlungu.

Inganekwane yesibili ngokuqiniseka yesibili

Emcimbini, intsha wenza umdlalo wangempela roulette Russian. umkhuzi wamabutho asolwandle ofundayo ukuthi leonid Khrushchev imililo omkhulu, ahlinzekwa ukuze uthole isibhamu egabheni ekhanda lakhe. Imicibisholo washaya entanyeni. Sailor akuyona wanelisa, futhi ngenkani umshayeli ukuphinda ride. Khrushchev Inhlamvu yesibili bangenela ebunzini, kwashona iphoyisa. UStepan Mikoyan othi kule indaba kusuka amahlebezi, ukungakwazi wokuzibonela okwenzekayo. Iqiniso lokuthi ezinye umlando womuntu ongabazisayo nomfowabo wayethi nodadewabo Rada Adjoubei.

Ngo Umlando wakhe, N. S. Hruschova abaphikisi (bona zonke yavela ngemva kokufa kwakhe), uthi Khrushchev mathupha wancenga intethelelo kukaStalin indodana yakhe. Kodwa wayesalokhu wagwetshwa iminyaka engu-8 ngokukhonza umusho on the front.

Kwaba wayengazi?

Akekho uphenyo lesibonwa leli qiniso akuphumelelanga. Abukho ubufakazi obubhalwe phansi. Amahlebezi ngesehlakalo ezahlukene ukuze wenze noma yiziphi iziphetho engenakwenzeka. Zonke izenzakalo ezalandela eziphula logic ukususwa umshayeli wamukele isijeziso ngenxa ekwindla ka-1942, wahamba alikho Ibutho elidinga isijeziso kanye ukuphinda uqeqesho, kabusha e umshayeli fighter. Ngo-November Rents ukuhlolwa ebangeni "okuhle", wathola iyunithi umyalo futhi epaulets ka uLieutenant. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-kwezempi, yena iza isikhali, okwakuyoholela kungahoxiswa uma kwenzeka ngokuqiniseka.

Leonid Khrushchev, ogama biography manje isihloko kokuhlolisisa abaseduze, laliqhubeka nokulwa ku-18 emoyeni ibutho, reseeding maneuverability Yak-7. Ngithole umkhuba, kuyomfica izindiza ezivela imboni wezempi ngaphambili. Ochwepheshe bathi sokuthuthukiswa ubuchwepheshe obusha, umshayeli kuthatha isikhathi, kodwa ngandlela-thile phakathi nempi futhi kwakungeyona.

Imicimbi 11 Mashi 1943

Kunobufakazi bokuthi Khrushchev waphucwa isikhundla idluliselwe ibutho indlunkulu, kodwa wenqaba. Isibhakabhaka Kwakungu ukubizwa kwakhe. Phakathi nonyaka wenkonzo wenza 172 ekushayweni, kodwa 32 kuphela - walilwela (i-plaque kwaba 4 kuphela chasa imizuzu 27). 11. izindiza 03. 1943 ezimbili landizela endaweni ukuhlola amasosha Zhizdra. Laba bobabili waqhutshelwa. Ngesikhathi indawo ye phambili - Art. ULieutenant Zamorin, okuyinto eyaba ufakazi ophambili we zomlando yempi izenzakalo kusukela lapho indodana yakhe ayizange ezimiselwe ukubuyela esivelele party sibalo.

Fighters aye ahlangana obune 'Fockers "ngazimbili ehlasela abashayeli bezindiza Soviet. Ebuya elizimisele fighter ezilimele kuphela indiza nomyali. Imfihlakalo kokufa Leonida Hruschova ngenxa izici ezimbili: ukuhlukahluka inkomba I. Zamorina kanye nokungakwazi ukuthola izinsalela indiza Yak-7 ngenxa Ezindaweni ezinamaxhaphozi nokuziphatha emoyeni ukulwa kulo lonke izwe isitha.

Izinkomba Ivan Zamorina

Umbiko wokuqala yalotshwa ngemva ukuvakashela uLieutenant elisesikhundleni esiphezulu abasebenzi regimental. Kuyo, waveza, ekuphishekeleni 'Fokker ", ezikhishwe emehlweni indiza L. Khrushchev. Ngabona Waqhubeka kuphela indlela ibe tailspin, wagijima wehlela phansi. abashokobezi kwesikhathi ukucinga izinsalela izindiza kwahlelwa abaphumelelanga. Okokuqala, uyise wabika ukuthi indodana endala bebungekho. Ngemva kwenyanga, ngobusuku 12 Apreli, uStalin mathupha amezwi wokutjhiriya kwayo sizana izindaba yokuthi alikho ithemba okwengeziwe. Ngo-June, ubaba wathola indodana ka-Order of Patriotic neMpi mina degree (kwakhe).

Eminyakeni engu-80 yaqala ukusakaza amahlebezi mayelana nendlela leonid Khrushchev bawela amaJalimane. Kuthiwa wasinda futhi elathunjwa futhi waba yimbuka. Amahlebezi uvele ngaphambi, ngakho ngemva ukwesula Khrushchev ukuthi uphenyo ukufa umshayeli sika (umphenyi Tokarev SI), ngesikhathi lapho kungekho ubufakazi akhashelwa ayitholakalanga. Zamorin wobufakazi zishintshile, ethi le nceku yase wamsindisa, wamshaya wakhe ngaphesheya emkhondweni Yak-7 umlilo kuhlasela "Fokker". Le ndiza empeleni sikhuntile emoyeni. Umbiko wayo odlule Wachaza izinduna ibutho babemesaba umthwalo yokuthi akazange amvikele indodana kusho isikhulu esiphezulu, ngakho-ke, uncamela ukumcabanga ulahlekile.

okufushane ukukhashelwa

intatheli Military I. Stadnyuk, izazi-mlando G. Kumanov, N. Dobryuha umbhali F. Chuev nabanye ubambe inguqulo wadutshulwa leonid Khrushchev. Babhekisela yokuthi Khrushchev phakathi nokubusa kwayo wabhubhisa imibhalo eneka indodana. Ebhekisela ubufakazi NKVD okuvamile (W. Udilov), Molotov, indodana Beria sika, zichaza isithombe njengoba umshayeli wakwazi ukukhipha, ukushaya ukuthunjwa isitha. Wabe eseqala ukuba afakaze, ubhidliza ezokuphepha kuleliya lizwe. Stalin ngaphambilini iqembu elikhethekile SMERSH ukuntshontsha imbuka. Ukuhlinza kwaphumelela, futhi indodana Khrushchev sika wayiswa eMoscow.

Ubaba ngamadolo yakhe yamncenga intethelelo, kodwa Stalin wencike ngesinqumo sesiKhulu Politburo, imbuka isigwebo sokufa ngokungafanele. It kwakwenziwa. Lokhu kuchaza nenzondo N. S. Hruschova kuya amalungu eKomiti Central: Beria wadutshulwa, esifundeni Scherbakovsky eMoscow qamba kabusha, futhi Kaganovich, Molotov futhi Malenkov bathunjwe. Kuvele isiqinisekiso ongaqondile version ongakhonza ukubopha Lyubovi Sizyh ngo-1943 futhi ulithumele ekamu ngamacala lobunhloli. It kamuva kwavela ukuthi lezi zenzakalo ezimbili anixhunyiwe nomunye.

Le nguqulo esemthethweni

Eqiniseka, olukhuni futhi bakwazi ukubhekana nokuhlupheka, umfana oneminyaka engu-25 ubudala uye abe standoff kalowo Nikity Hruschova, inhloko "ncibilika" nombhali '60s, futhi ojenene NKVD benza konke ukungcolisa igama owayenguNobhala Okokuqala lo CPSU Central Committee. Ukudweba isifaniso ne isiphetho kaJakobe Dzhugashvili, elathunjwa amaJalimane, ngemva bamba ephezulu sezombusazwe indodana angalindela amaFascist ukuphendula inkulumo-ze amapheshana, amakheli umsakazo, noma iyiphi hype. Kodwa azikho imithombo kuthabathela ecaleni isiJalimane, eqinisekisa nokuthola yabayisa umshayeli.

Okuxubile nezindaba, wabulawa Leonida Hruschova. ukudubula kwakhe ehlukile esachazwa "ngofakazi bokuzibonela", ngenkathi abasebenzi Metrostroi wathola izinsalela we indiza Yak-7, okuyinto ezokwenzeka inani fighter art. ULieutenant. Idatha kule lilondolozwe archive Podolsk. Ithuna elivamile edolobheni Zhizdra okukhulunywa igama Khrushchev, onikeza ngezizathu ukukhuluma mayelana ingcwaba lakhe yini ngokufa endaweni.

Afterword

Ukukhashelwa umshayeli abasha abazange balikholwe izihlobo zakhe, futhi abantu ababecheme mathupha ababejwayelene naye. INdodana George noNina sika umzukulu safuna ukuphikisa esesidlangalaleni ulwazi sinikezwa njalo ezincwadini eziningi, engabhekiseli kunoma imuphi imibhalo. umyalo oqondile, amaqabane, kuhlanganise Yak-7 imishini izindiza, nika ekuthoshweni kakhulu izici lokuhlola: Leonid Nikitovich Hruschov wayeyindoda nesibindi futhi enesibindi. Wayezimisele ukulwa, hhayi icashe emihlane ozakwabo zakhe, futhi umbiko I. Zamorina - lingobunye ubufakazi. idumela Hero kubaluleke ngaphezu kuka ukuphishekela umzwelo ezishibhile. ucwaningo olungaphezulu - ngodumo mlando zezemfundo, ngubani kufanele uqede ukusabalala amahebezi ukufunisela.