Ukubusa Ukraine silibangise eRussia (1654). Reunion of Ukraine neRussia: izizathu

ukubusa Ukraine silibangise eRussia (1654) wathatha indawo ngokumelene isizinda izenzakalo eziyinkimbinkimbi zezenhlalo nezombusazwe ezihlobene isifiso Ukraine ukuba ukuzimela ngaphezulu hhayi athembele ngokuphelele Poland. Kusukela 1648 ukuphikiswa liphendulwe isigaba ahlomile kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ziningi kangakanani ngokunqoba noma Cossacks kukora eholwa Bohdan Khmelnytsky Owayengamele ibutho Polish, babengakwazi ukukhokhela enqobile empini ku izinzuzo zezombusazwe eziphathekayo. Kwacaca ukuthi ukuphuma ukunakekelwa Commonwealth ngeke kwenzeke ngaphandle kosizo qinile sizana, ngenxa asize ngokuhlanganisa Ukraine wathatha indawo eRussia. Chaza kafushane izimbangela zezenzakalo ezingokomlando.

Amalungelo Alinganayo Nokuhlonipha ukuzimela

Eminyakeni eyisithupha wempi izimpi eziningi igazi ngokumelene nabantu base-Ukraine Ukukhathazeka okumangazayo amabutho azo sephulwe amabutho Polish izikhathi eziningi. Kodwa, eshaya okunothando ashaye Rzeczpospolita, Khmelnitsky okokuqala ngeke likhiphe Ukraine kude isimo Polish. Wema phezu izikhundla ukuzimela Cossack ukuthi wafuna Cossacks ne gentry babe namalungelo alinganayo futhi emazweni alinganayo Ukraine babe ngaphakathi Rzeczpospolita belingana Poland naseLithuania. Ngaleso sikhathi-ke akuzange kwenziwe mayelana Ukuhlangana Ukraine neRussia. 1654 washintsha isimo.

Mhlawumbe ukuzimela?

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, balingane kohlaka ukuzimela zabambalwa babekholelwa. Kakade eminyakeni yokuqala empini e-Ukraine futhi ePoland, kwakukhona amahlebezi athi:

1. Khmelnitsky ufuna ukubuyisela "Endala" noma ukudala ubukhulu entsha.
2. He is yena isiqu esithi "isikhulu Russia."
3. Cossacks ufuna ukusungula geqe.

Kodwa-ke, i-kutimela Ukraine ongakabi bahlakulele preconditions kunesidingo. Abahlanganyeli eyinhloko empini - nokuthi Cossacks abanye abakwazi ukufunda futhi abalimi efanayo futhi bengafundile - ayikwazanga ukudala siqu isimo nemibono yayo, eqondisa ungqimba - izikhulu Cossack futhi gentry - babengenalo isisindo efanele zezombusazwe ukuletha amapulani separatist. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngisho hetman Khmelnitsky kwadingeka trust ke ethandwa. ngokuhamba empini kuphela, ngesikhathi kumiswa Ukrainian isimo Cossack ngaphezulu ezigxilile ekusakazeni umqondo wokuzibusa.

Union ne Turkey

The eside babelwa, le Khmelnitsky ngaphezulu, abadala uquqaba babeqiniseka ukuthi kuphela abo ngaphandle kosizo Ukraine asikwazi ukukhulula yena kusuka emandleni gentry Polish. omakhelwane Inamandla abakulungele ukubhekana Commonwealth, kwakukhona amabili kuphela: isimo Russian empumalanga kanye uMbuso WaseTurkey eningizimu. Kube Ukukhetha elincane Khmelnytsky: noma entry Ukraine ku Russian, noma ukuqashelwa eyinkosi ekhonza ngaphansi kukaNebukhadinezari ezivela eTurkey.

Ekuqaleni, a Olwa for indima Ukraine yaba umxhasi kombusi Turkish, okwadingeka amandla ngokwanele ukuba simelane nokungena Poland e-Ukraine. Phakathi Khmelnytsky nohulumeni Sultan babe izingxoxo abafanele. Ngo-1651 Porte wawuthi uthola Zaporozhian Usokhaya njengoba akhonze. Eqinisweni usizo lwangempela kuya sultan Turkish lwalulinganiselwe kuphela kulabo ahlanganyela kulo izimpi YaseCrimea AmaTatar, Cossacks eminyaka ezilwayo nge. Bona babehlangene alithembekile kakhulu nokuziphatha kwabo okhohlisayo, aphanga futhi kuholela labantu basekuthunjweni kuletha izinkinga ezingaphezu kuka izinzuzo Ukraine.

Sokuzivikela eRussia

I umfelandawonye yoMbuso WaseTurkey eqinisweni neze zenzeka. Kwakungekhona ngisho ebuthaka ezempi kanye zezimali aid Sultan, futhi ukungavumelani engqondo. Umehluko phakathi Orthodox namaSulumane, nobani abantu ngokuthi "infidels", wazibonakalisa zingangentaba. Kulesi simo, iso Bogdana Hmelnitskogo kanye labantu Ukraine ukuvusela nabo - abaseRussia.

Juni 8, 1648, siyakusebenza iminyaka eyisithupha ngaphambi kwaba wokukhushulwa-Ukraine silibangise eRussia (1654), Bogdan Khmelnitsky wabhala incwadi yokuqala usizo autocrat Russian Alexei Mikhailovich. Ekuqaleni, eRussia lezwakala ekujaheni ukuze bahlanganyele ngokugcwele impi nombuso onamandla Polish-Lithuanian. Kodwa umholi we-Ukraine, akukhonze iminyaka eyisithupha ukuze inkosi ikholwe ukusiza, ukuqinisekisa ukufakwa isimo Russian empini ngokumelene gentry Polish. Khmelnitsky phambi amanxusa eMoscow wagcizelela ukubaluleka besebenza ndawonye iyisivikelo ezivamile izizwe anobuhlobo kokholo Orthodox, zokunqoba kwabo ziyadalulwa lwemibono nehaba mayelana namandla e-Commonwealth, waphawula izinzuzo ezinkulu ukuthi uzoba Ukuhlangana Ukraine neRussia. 1654 eye yaboniswa ikhono lokubona izinto kusengaphambili kanye nokufaneleka Khmelnitsky.

isikhundla abakhulelwe Russian

Moscow wayekwazi ukubaluleka nimunye Ukraine:

1. umfelandawonye Strategic, okokuqala kunakho konke, wayivula kanjani indlela eya eningizimu yoLwandle Olumnyama futhi ukuya ngasentshonalanga.
2. Wanciphisa Poland.
3. Ukubhubhisa kungenzeka umbimbi Zaporozhye Sech waseTurkey.
4. Waqiniswa isimo ukubusa ngaphansi banner Russian enamandla eyizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu amathathu ibutho Cossack.

Nokho, isikhathi eside ngenxa eziyinkimbinkimbi izimo ngaphakathi nangaphandle, futhi esekelwe buthakathaka kokubili izinhlangothi ezilwayo - ePoland nase-Ukraine - uhulumeni tsarist wathatha kokulinda ubone sengqondo. Siza kuvinjelwe ekuthumeleni Ukraine lesinkwa usawoti, izwi lesinqumo ukuhambisa Ukraine onqenqemeni umhlaba, exchange namanxusa amanye amazwe.

Yiqiniso rapprochement

Izixhumanisi phakathi Bogdanom Hmelnitskim futhi uhulumeni waseRussia saphila kule minyaka 1652-1653, iminyaka yokugcina sempi. Cishe njalo wahamba Embassy of Ukraine waseMoscow futhi kusukela eMoscow kuze kube-Ukraine. Ngo-January 1652 Khmelnitsky ethunyelwe inhlokodolobha Russian owayeyisithunywa sakhe Ivan Iskra. Spark ukuze lenxusa uthe Hetman futhi lonke ibutho Zaporozhye ufisa "Nkosi yami, nkosi wabayisa ohlangothini lwakhe."

Ngo-December 1652 no-January 1653 eMoscow, babambe izingxoxo Samoilo Zarudny nabalingani. Zarudny wathi enkosini, "ngaphambilini ukwamukelwa kwabo ngesandla eNgophezukonke zabo eziphakeme". 6 Januwari 1653 Khmelnitsky Chigirin Rada ngokuthi e ngabadala, wakhetha ukungahlukanisi sibekezelele Poland, futhi siqhubeke silwisana kuze kufezeke ukungena Ukraine eRussia.

Ngo-April-May 1653 izinkulumo e Moscow babe amanxusa Kondratiy Burlyay noSilvanu Muzhilovsky. Uhulumeni tsarist futhi wathumela izithunywa Bogdanu Hmelnitskomu, ikakhulukazi ngasekupheleni May 1653rd kwesokunxele Chyhyryn Matveev futhi Fomin.

1654: Ukraine-Russia - ndawonye kuze kube phakade

Izinkinga zokwenza isimo e-Ukraine ophoqelelwe uhulumeni tsarist ukusheshisa izinqumo. Juni 22, 1653 e-Ukraine kusukela umphathi eMoscow bahamba Fedor Ladyzhenskii ngohlamvu kusukela Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, esanikwa isikhulu imvume ukudluliswa komhlaba e-Ukraine ngaphansi "sasebukhosini ngesandla esiphakemeyo."

Okthoba 1, 1653 eMoscow, wahlangana Zemsky Sobor, eklanyelwe ngokuqondile ukuxazulula inkinga of ubudlelwano phakathi Russia nase-Ukraine, futhi balwe Commonwealth. I Faceted Chamber of the Kremlin anquma "Army of Zaporozhye futhi Hetman Bogdana Hmelnitskogo nge amazwe amadolobha ukuba bamukele ngaphansi kwesandla eNgophezukonke." Ngakho umlando senziwa. I kokuhlanganiswa Ukraine neRussia sivunyiwe hhayi kuphela nenkosi kodwa futhi zonke izingxenye sabantu (ngaphandle serfs ababengenawo ilungelo lokuvota), ogama abameleli baqoqene sesonto. Ngasikhathi sinye, Zemsky Sobor wanquma ukuqala impi Poland.

Nokho, lokhu akukhona ukubusa oyinhloko-Ukraine silibangise eRussia. 1654 Kwathatha imihlangano eminingana ngaphezulu ngaphambi kokuthi izimo entry lokugcina ziye zasebenza out. Russia khona ukuqashelwa ebalulekile Ukraine njengezwe khulula nezizimele. Lokhu kwakuphambi kwaLowo isinqumo soMkhandlu wesifundazwe uthi ngakho, "ukuthi babengeke ukukhulula ubuzwe e-Turkish Sultan futhi YaseCrimea khan, ngoba sebeyinto isifungo bobukhosi wabantu abakhululekile. '

Ungena yesivumelwano

Januwari 31, 1653 Russian embasi ifika kusengozini Khmelnitsky - umuzi Pereyaslav - ngohlamvu mayelana ngesinqumo Zemsky Sobor futhi "command eliphakeme." Embasi, eliholwa V Buturlin ukuthi ngikweluleke wabingelela izinduna kanye nabantu abavamile.

Januwari 6, ngo-1654 Pereyaslav Bogdan Hmelnitsky efika futhi ngosuku olulandelayo wahlangana amanxusa, ukuze uxoxe imibandela Union. 8 Januwari, ngemuva izingxoxo imfihlo namalunga izimo ukubusa, Bogdan Khmelnitsky waya kubantu futhi waqinisekisa ukubusa Ukraine silibangise eRussia. 1654 kwaba yisikhathi soshintsho isiphetho yalezi zizwe ezimbili.

Embasi Ukrainian uye okujwayele ngokuphindaphindiwe eMoscow ukuxoxa imininingwane entry yokuzithandela Kwesokunxele-Bank Ukraine ngaphansi protectorate of the Empire, Russian.

Ukraine Umlando e nezinsuku: kokuhlanganiswa ne Russia

• 1591-1593 GG. - Registered Cossacks ukuvukela izikhulu Polish futhi kubhekiselwa okokuqala Hetman Krishtofa Kosinskogo usizo Russian Tsar.
• 1622, 1624 sika. - Bishop Isaiya Kopinskogo isikhalazo ke Metropolitan Iova Boretskogo enkosini ukwamukela Orthodox Little eRussia yisakhamuzi Russian.
• 1648 - Bohdan Khmelnytsky kuphakamisa kuvukela zonke-Ukrainian ngokumelene yezikhulu futhi 8 Juni wabhala lencwadi yokuqala eya Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich usizo futhi umbimbi. Ukunqoba lokuqala amasosha Cossack nokuphuma ngemvume Zborowski ukuthula sivumelwano inika ukuzimela Zaporizhia Army.
• 1651 - resumption izingxabano, ukunqotshwa esindayo Cossacks Berestechko.
• 1653 - A ukwelashwa entsha Bogdana Hmelnitskogo ukuze abaseRussia ukusiza Cossacks futhi sokuba kwemukelwa Kwesokunxele-Bank Ukraine yisakhamuzi. Okthoba 1 sihlangabezane Zemsky Sobor.
• 1654 - Januwari 8 wahlangana Pereyaslavskaya thokozani esidlangalaleni isinqumo ukuze uhlangane ne Russia. Mashi 27 Zemsky Sobor futhi inkosi wahlangana iningi izicelo ukubeka phambili abadala abazinikelako begodu Hetman sihlinzekela ukuzimela ezibanzi. Le dokhumenti ekugcineni esethole kokuhlanganiswa we kwesokunxele yasebhange Ukraine neRussia.