Ukwenyuka kwentuthuko. Amagama esethulo, imisho nemisho. Iziqu zokubhala

Enkulumweni yabo, abantu bavame ukusebenzisa izakhiwo zokwethulwa ukukhombisa isimo sabo sengqondo kulokho abakushoyo. Lapho ebhala, inkulumo yokuqala isabelwe ama-commas, futhi enkulumweni yomlomo inkulumo kufanele ihlukaniswe ngendlela engavamile. Ake sicabangele ngokuningiliziwe ngeminye imithetho nemibandela yokusebenzisa lolu hlobo lokwakhiwa.

Incazelo yenzuzo yokuqala

Ukwenyuka kwentuthuko - lawa magama, imisho kanye nemisho ephelele ebonisa isimo sengqondo sesipikha kulokho akhuluma ngakho, noma ukhombe emthonjeni wolwazi. Lezi zinguquko ziyingxenye yesiphakamiso, kodwa ayilona amalungu awo, futhi angena ekuxhumaneni okuhlanganiswa namanye amalunga wesiphakamiso futhi ayilona amalungu esiphakamiso nhlobo.

Indlela yokunquma izakhiwo zokufaka

Njengoba amagama afanayo angenza kokubili njengokwakhiwa kokuqala futhi njengelungu elivamile lomusho, udinga ukwazi kahle ukuthi kungenzeka kanjani ukunquma ukuphenduka okunjalo ngolimi lwesiRussia. Izibonelo kuzokusiza ukuthi uqonde kangcono le nkinga:

• Okokuqala, uma uphonsa ukwakhiwa kwezethulo kusuka embhalweni, khona-ke incazelo yombhalo ngeke ilahleke. Qhathanisa: "Ibhizinisi lingase selihlelwe kabusha" futhi "Ibhizinisi lingakwazi ukuhlelwa kabusha". Esikhathini sokuqala, leli gama liyisethulo, ngoba incazelo yomusho ayilahlekile, engasetshenziselwa ukhetho lwesibili. Noma kunjalo, le ndlela yokuqinisekisa ayilungile ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngoba isakhiwo singagcinwa. Kulokhu, kufanele uqaphele incazelo yenkulumo. Isibonelo: "Ngakho, le nkinga ixazululwe". Uma ngokuthi "ngale ndlela" kuchazwa "ngendlela enjalo", khona-ke lokhu akusiyo inkulumo eyethulwa, uma kuqondwa ngokuthi "kunjalo", khona-ke le nkulumo yokukhuluma kufanele ibhekwe njengengqungquthela yokuqala futhi kufanele ihlukaniswe ngokuhlaziya.
• Okwesibili, amagama asethulo akuyona amalungu esiphakamiso ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukuwabeka umbuzo kubo noma kubo. Qhathanisa: "Ngicabanga ukuthi ngiyaqonda yonke into manje" futhi "Ubonakala engikhathele kimi". Esimweni sokuqala, akunakwenzeka ukubuza umbuzo othi "kubonakala sengathi", futhi kulokhu leli yizwi lesethulo. Esimweni sesibili, ungacela umbuzo othi "Uthini?", Futhi igama elithi "kubonakala" lisebenza njenge-predicate.
• Okwesithathu, igama elilodwa noma inkulumo emgqatsini kungenziwa esikhundleni senye, futhi incazelo yomusho wonke ayilahlekile. Isibonelo: "Kungenzeka ukuthi wabiza uyise ngokwakhe futhi watshela ngalokho okwenzekile." Kule ndlela ehlukile, uma ushintsha "mhlawumbe" ngokuthi "mhlawumbe", incazelo yomusho wonke ngeke ilahleke.

Futhi, uma usebenzisa amanye amagama nemishwana njengezakhi zokwethulwa, izinkinga ezincane zingase ziphakame. Ake sicabangele ngamunye wabo ngokuningiliziwe.

Amazwi: ngendlela, ngokujwayelekile, efushane, eqinisweni, eqinisweni, eqinisweni, ngokuqondile - njengamagama angeniso

Amazwi: ngendlela, ngokujwayelekile, efushane, eqinisweni, empeleni, eqinisweni, ngokuqondile - izosetshenziselwa umusho njengethulo, uma kubo kungenzeka ukuba wengeze "ukukhuluma". Qhathanisa: "Ngendlela, sizoya ehlathini kusasa" futhi "Le ngubo yafika kuye ngendlela." Ngokusobala, esimweni sokuqala, igama elithi "ngendlela" liyizwi lesethulo, ngoba ungangezelela "ukukhuluma" kulo, futhi kufanele lihlukaniswe ngamacala amabili ngamacala.

Izici zokusebenzisa "noma kunjalo" njengegama lokusungula

"Nokho," angenza njengenyunyana, futhi njengelungu lokusungula. Uma "noma kunjalo" ingashintshwa ngokuphelele yigama elithi "kodwa", khona-ke kulokhu kungukubambisana. Isibonelo, sifuna ukuvakashela, kodwa isimo sezulu esibi sonakalisa zonke izinhlelo zethu.

Uma igama elithi "noma kunjalo" lingaphakathi noma ekupheleni komusho futhi alisebenzi ukuxhumanisa ezimbili eziyinkimbinkimbi noma izingxenye zomusho, khona-ke kuyisigijimi sokuqala futhi kuyadingeka ukuyihlukanisa nombhalo ngama-commas. Isibonelo, sifuna ukuvakashela, imvula, noma kunjalo, yabhidliza zonke izinhlelo zethu.

"Ekugcineni" njengelizwi lokuqala

"Okokugcina" kungasebenza njengesethulo sokukhuluma. Kulokhu, leli gama linquma umyalelo wolwazi olunikezwe umbhali. Isibonelo: "Okokuqala, usemusha, okwesibili, unamandla, ekugcineni, ugcwele amandla namandla."

Uma "ekugcineni" kubonakala njengesimo sesikhathi futhi kungenziwa esikhundleni "ekupheleni" noma "ekupheleni", leli gama alona igama eliyisethulo. Isibonelo: Sahamba isikhathi eside kakhulu futhi ekugcineni sashiya ehlathini.

Imisho evame ukubonakala njengezakhi zokufaka

Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi: ngokoqobo, mhlawumbe, ngokungeziwe, njengokungathi, ngokuzumayo, ekupheleni, ngemuva kwakho konke, ngemuva kwalokho, lapha, okufanayo, akunakwenzeka, neze, nje, kuphela, njengokungathi, njengoba kunjalo , Ngaphandle kwalokho, ngicabanga, okwamanje, ngesiphakamiso, ngesinqumo, ngokuhleleka, cishe, cishe cishe, cishe, ngokunqumayo, ngokumane, ngokusobala, njengokungathi kwakuyizindlela zokuqala, kodwa akunjalo. Lawa magama nemishwana azenzi njengezakhi zokwethulwa futhi akudingekile ukuba zihlukanise nama-commas.

Izinhlobo zokuguqula izethulo ngokubaluleka kwazo

Wonke amagama nezethulo ezethulwa zihlukaniswe ngamadijithi amaningana, kuye ngokuthi yiziphi izindinganiso eziveza inkulumo yentuthuko. Izibonelo zizocacisa ngokucacile umehluko:

1. Impendulo yezingeniso, okuveza ukuhlolwa kwezinga lokuthembeka kolwazi (ukuzethemba, ukungabaza): Ngokungangabazeki, ngokuqinisekileyo, ngokuqinisekile, ngokungenakuphikwa, kuzo zonke izindlela, ngaphandle kokusho, ngokusobala, abanye. Isibonelo: "Bonke abantu bendawo babeyizinhle kakhulu."
2. Amazwi aveza isimo esivamile somcimbi ochazwe: kwenzeka, kwenzeka, njengokuvamile, njengokuvamile, njengenjwayelo, ngokuvumelana nesiko, nabanye. Isibonelo: "Iqembu elisha lomnyaka omusha liqhutshwa, njengalokhu njalo, ehholo lenhlangano ye-enkulisa."
3. Izakhiwo zokwethulwa eziveza imizwelo nemizwa yesikhulumi: ngenjabulo, ngenhlanhla, ngeshwa, kuya enjabulweni, ukumangala, ngeshwa, ukumangala, ukudabuka, ukuthukuthela, ukukhathazeka, ihora elingalingani, into engavamile, njengokungathi ngenhloso, ukuletha Kuhle. Isibonelo: "Ngamangala lapho ehlangana khona masinyane, futhi angizange ngilinde isikhathi eside."
4. Amagama okuqala abonisa ukulandelana kwemiqondo: okokuqala, okwesibili, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngakho-ke, ngokuphambene nalokho, ngokuphambene, ngokujwayelekile, kodwa ikakhulukazi, ngendlela, Ngakho, ngaphezu kwalokho, ngale ndlela, isibonelo, kanjalo. Isibonelo: "Ukumomotheka kwakhe akufakazanga impilo enhle, kodwa, ngokuphambene nalokho, wazama ukufihla zonke izinhlekelele zakhe."
5. Ezinye izakhiwo zokwethulwa zibonisa uhlobo lwamazwi: ngezwi, ngamafushane, ngamafuphi, ngokusho, ngamanye amazwi, kungcono ukusho, ngamanye amazwi, ukubeka kahle, ukukhuluma ngokukhululekile, phakathi kwethu ukukhuluma, ukukhuluma iqiniso, ukusho ngonembeza, kumnandi Yisho nabanye. Isibonelo: "Eqinisweni, isidlo esiphekwe ngumpheki omusha asizange sibe nombono omkhulu kimi."
6. Imiklamo yezingeniso ezikhomba umthombo wolwazi obikiwe: ngokusho kombiko, ngokusho kolwazi, ngokusho kwamahemuhemu, ngombono wakho, ngombono wami, bathi, ngokwezibalo zami, bathi, njengoba kwaziwa, kusukela ekubukeni, nakwabanye. Isibonelo: "Ngokusho kofakazi, umsolwa wayesekhaya ngesikhathi sobugebengu".
7. Amazwi angeniso aqondiswe kumfundi ukumbamba: bheka, ubone, uqonde, uqonde, uqonde, uqonde, ubekezelele, ucabange, uthethelele, unesihe, sicela ukhumbule, khumbula, unesihe, uvumelane, ulalele, ake ungivumele Wena nabanye. Isibonelo: "Amadombolo, uzovuma, ingenye yezingubo ezizithandayo kakhulu zabafundi nabathinteli".

Izingxenye zenkulumo lapho izakhiwo ezethulwa khona zingenza

Zonke izinhlobo zokwakha izethulo zingenza izingxenye ezahlukene zenkulumo. Ngalesi sigaba, ukwakha izethulo kungamelwa kulezi zingxenye zokukhuluma njenge:

• Igama elinesibikezelo: ngenhlanhla, ngenjabulo, ngaphandle kokungabaza;
• I-Adjective: ebaluleke kunazo zonke, ngokuvamile, kuningi;
• Ukusho: okwamanje, ngaphandle kwalokho, ngaphandle kwalokho;
• I-Adverb: Ngokuqinisekile, ngokungangabazeki, ngokungangabazeki, ngokwemvelo;
• I-Verb: kubonakala sengathi, ngicabanga, bathi, cabanga;
• Akupheli: bheka, vuma, wazi;
• Ukuhlanganiswa ne-gerunds: ukukhuluma ngokukhululekile, ukukhuluma ngokweqile, ukukhuluma iqiniso;
• Umusho ogcwele: Ngicabanga ukuthi uyathemba, njengoba ngikhumbula;
• Iziphakamiso ezingenzi lutho: wonke umuntu wakhumbula kahle, kwakubonakala sengathi waphupha;
• Ukusikisela okungafani: okuvamile njengokukhuluma ngaye, ngakho bacabanga ngaye.

Izimpawu zokubhala izimpawu lapho usebenzisa izakhiwo zokwethulwa

Njengoba kukhulunywe ngenhla, imisho nemethulo esethula ematheksthini ihlukaniswe komunye nomunye ngama-commas. Kwezinye izimo, esikhundleni salinye lama-commas, i-dash izosetshenziswa. Uma inkulumo yokuvula ingazange isetshenziswe ngokugcwele, i-dash isethwe ngemva kwayo. Isibonelo: "Ngakolunye uhlangothi, angivunyelwe ukuba ngiye emcimbini, ngakolunye uhlangothi - Angikwazi ukukuphuthelwa, ngoba kuzoba khona bonke abangane bami."

Uma igama lokuvula litholakala embhalweni ngaphambi kwegama elijwayelekile, kodwa ngaphambi kwayo yonke imigomo efanayo yomusho, sebenzisa ideshi esikhundleni se-comma yokuqala. Isibonelo: "I-TV, ucingo, ikhompiyutha, isiqandisisi - esifushane, zonke izinto ezisendlini zisebenze kahle, naphezu kwamaconsi amandla amaningi ekuseni."

Amaphuzu amamaki lapho usebenzisa imisho esethula

Ukukhethwa kwemisho yokuqala encwadini kungenziwa ngezindlela eziningana:

• Ngama-commas. Isibonelo: "Yena, ngiyaqiniseka, uzojabula ngaphandle kwami";
• Ukusebenzisa ama-parentheses. Lolu hlobo lwesabelo lusetshenziswa uma isigwebo esethula sisebenza njengamazwana engeziwe noma ukucaciswa kombhalo. Isibonelo: "Ukubukeka kwami (ngiphawula) kuhlazisa wonke umuntu";
• Nge-dash. Futhi isetshenziswe uma isigwebo sokuqala singamazwi engeziwe noma ukucaciswa kombhalo. Isibonelo: "Abathengi - babekhona ababili babo - baziphathe kakhulu."

Ukusetshenziswa kokuphendulela okubambe iqhaza kanye nokwakhiwa kwezethulo

Abantu ngezinye izikhathi badibanisa impindiselo yokungena futhi enye inkulumo iphenduka ngolimi lwesiRussia. Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukuguqulwa kwe-gerundive kuphela uhlobo lokubuyiswa kokungeniswa, ngoba lezi zinhlobo zemiklamo zifana kakhulu. Ukusetshenziswa kokuphendulela okubambe iqhaza kufana nemisho yokwethulwa, ngaphezu kwalokho, uma isiphakamiso sizophonswa ngaphandle kwesiphakamiso, incazelo yesigwebo ngeke ishintshe, njengoba nje nokusetshenziswa kwezinguquko zokuqala. Naphezu kwalokhu, lezi zinhlobo zemiklamo zinenani elihlukile. Okokuqala, ukubuyiswa kwemali ephendulayo kuyaphendula umbuzo: "Kwenzekani?" Futhi "Ukwenzani?", Futhi akunakwenzeka ukuphakamisa le nkinga kwiphezu lesethulo. Okwesibili, ngesiphakamiso, inzuzo yokubamba iqhaza inqunywe yizimo, futhi ukwakheka kokuqala akuyona ilungu lesiphakamiso.

Ukwahlukana kwezinguquko zenkulumo nesingeniso

Futhi, abantu bavame ukungabaza ngemisho enezinkulumo zemibhalo. Abanye bazama ukuthatha i-phraseological turn for introduction. Noma kunjalo, lokhu akunjalo. Ukwenyuka kwezenzo zengqondo kuyisakhiwo esizinzile ekuhlelweni nasekubunjweni, kanye nangenhlanganisela yegama elingabonakali, elibhekwa njengento eyodwa.

Ngokungafani nokwakhiwa kwezethulo, inkulumo ekhuluma ngesiRashiya ngokubhala akufanele ihlukaniswe nhlobo ngamanothi okubhala. Kungenzeka futhi ukubeka umbuzo ekubuyiselweni kwenkulumo, ngakho-ke, lo ukwakhiwa kuyilungu lomusho. Ngakho-ke, imisho enezinkulumo zemisho akufanele idideke ngeziphakamiso nezakhi zokwethulwa, ngoba lezi ziyimisho enezinhlobonhlobo zokwakha.

Umehluko phakathi kokujika okuqhathanisa nokwethulwa

Ngaphezu kwazo zonke izinhlobo ezingenhla zokwakha ngezindlela zokuqala, zivame ukudidanisa ukuphenduka okufanisayo futhi zizame ukuzisebenzisa kuzo zonke imithetho, njengokungeniswa kwezethulo. Imiklamo enjalo ihluke kakhulu komunye nomunye. Inzuzo yokuqhathanisa, kanye ne-phraseological and adverbial, iyilungu lomusho, kodwa njalo isebenza njengesiqhathaniso. Ukuguquka okuqhathanisa ngolimi lwesiRashiya akubhalwa njalo ngezimpendulo, ngakho-ke ungenza iphutha ngokuxuba inzuzo yokuqhathanisa nenothi lokungena.

Zonke izinhlobo ezichazwe ngenhla zentengo kanye nokwehla kwentuthuko kunokufaniswa okufanayo okufanayo - lesi sabelo esiyingqayizivele. Lokhu kukhethwa, okokuqala, okwenza kube nokungabaza lapho isakhiwo sokufaka sichazwa kahle.

Ukusetshenziswa kwezakhiwo zokwethulwa ekukhulumeni kuyadingeka, ngoba kubonisa ukugcwala ngokomzwelo kombhalo bese ubonisa isimo sengqondo sesikhulumi ngento yokuxoxa. Ukunquma, kanye nokukhomba kahle inkulumo enkulumweni yokuvula ngolimi lwesiRashiya ngeke kube nzima uma wazi yonke imithetho elula echazwe kulesi sihloko.