Sakhiwo umsebenzi inhliziyo. kanjani enhliziyweni yomuntu?

Inhliziyo - yisona sakhiwo main ilungu elithile lomzimba wethu. Lokho indlela okusebenza ngayo, yini isimo, futhi kuncike impilo yomuntu. Futhi umsebenzi inhliziyo - kuba indaba ebanzi kakhulu, okuyinto, okungenani okukha phezulu ukuba uphawu ngalunye.

izici kwesakhiwo

Ngakho, into yokuqala kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi umzimba elise ohlangothini lwesobunxele kwesifuba. Nakuba kukhona kuleli zwe lethu, iqembu elincane labantu eyingqayizivele kakhulu - inhliziyo yaso ohlangothini lwesokudla. Ngokuvamile abantu abanjalo akheke eyinqaba kakhulu umzimba, ie esibukweni. Futhi, ngokufanele, inhliziyo futhi ngokungafani kuya ilungiselelo ezivamile.

Ngokuvamile, lokhu umzimba yakhiwa izimbotshana ezine - i-Atria kwesokunxele nakwesokudla futhi ventricles ka. Lezi emakamelweni ezihlukaniswe ngodonga. Shiya ehlukile isakhiwo inhliziyo. Figure, oluveza umzimba ncamashi kubonisa ukuthi simelele. Kodwa ingaphakathi - akusiyo ebaluleke kakhulu. lekubukana nemfundzi ngamunye valve obhekene ukugeleza kwegazi.

Indawo valve inhliziyo

Into yokuqala ukuthi ngale ngxenye inhliziyo, ngakho-ke yilokhu engena ATRIUM kwesokunxele, ngemithambo yamaphaphu futhi zibe nelungelo - eziyize. Kulaba sokunene nesobunxele ventricles kufika aorta zehla isiqu yamaphaphu. Ngakho lesi sihloko kuyafaneleka ukucabangela kabanzi. I-ventricle engakwesobunxele ukuthi ihlukaniswe ne ATRIUM (elise ohlangothini olufanayo) valve mitral, olubizwa nangokuthi-step ezimbili. A ATRIUM kwesokudla ihlukaniswe nge umphini tricuspid. Ngisho enhliziyweni okuvumela umdwebo ngokuningiliziwe ukuba ucabangele Ukuklanywa komzimba, kukhona valve yomthambo i-aorta ne-pulmonary. Bazi ukuthi banesibophezelo inqubo outflow kwegazi kusukela ventricles eziyihlazo.

inqubo kwegazi

Uyini umsebenzi inhliziyo iyona ebaluleke kakhulu? Ngokwemvelo, ukuzungeza igazi. Ngaphandle kwayo, emzimbeni ngeke ikwazi ukusebenza ngokugcwele. Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi inhliziyo usebenza ezimbili kwegazi - ezincane nezinkulu. Eyokuqala yalezi iqala i-ventricle yangakwesokudla, kepha ukuphela kwayo Itholakala ATRIUM ngakwesokunxele. Yena unesibopho ephelele negesi lokushintshisana in the-alveoli yamaphaphu. Ngokuphathelene yesibili Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi umbuthano omkhulu e-ventricle engakwesobunxele iqala futhi iphela, njengoba ungase ukuqagela, e-ATRIUM kwesokudla. Yena unesibopho ukuba igazi hhayi kuphela emaphashini kodwa futhi nezinye izitho. Konke lokhu ngokugcwele lwenteke kuphela ube nenhliziyo enempilo.

Valve indlela esenzweni

Kuningi okuye kwashiwo mayelana valve futhi ngalokho umsebenzi inhliziyo. Umsebenzi wabo kumele acace futsi uhlelwe kahle. Ngenxa yokuthi umsebenzi ukudonsa inhliziyo kuncike ngokuqondile ku-valve, okuyinto ndawonye bakha lonke indlela. Tricuspid kuvula - negazi ludlulele ngaphakathi i-ventricle yangakwesokudla kusukela ATRIUM. Uma igcwele igazi, imisipha ngaphansi umphumela valve ingcindezi uvala. Bese kuthi-ke igazi lungaphuma kuphela ngomgudu wokuphefumula, okuholela valve yamaphaphu esivula ngaphansi blood pressure, okwandisa ngesikhathi ukusikwa i-ventricle yangakwesokudla. Igazi abuyele kuphela uma evulekile valve mitral. Ngena aorta uvala valve yomthambo i-aorta, esakhiwa amaphiko ezintathu abafana ukubukeka crescent. Lapho i-ventricle engakwesobunxele ekhululekile - ivaliwe, ngakho igazi emithambo yegazi engena ATRIUM kwesokudla. Ngakho-ke kwenziwa kwegazi. Yiqiniso, debe namanje eside kakhulu, kodwa eqinisweni kuthatha nje. Ngakho okusheshayo inhliziyo yethu.

Amaqiniso awukuthi kuwufanele azi

Isakhiwo nemisebenzi yaleli umzimba azibalulekile kuphela, aziyi ezithakazelisayo. Ngokwesibonelo, hhayi wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi ukuzungeza igazi Kwenziwa cishe 100,000 izikhathi ngosuku buqamama amakhilomitha 100 000! Ngokumangalisayo, lo kuyinto obuphelele ezifana up zonke izitsha elithile lomzimba wethu. Futhi uma sikhuluma kaningi kangakanani unyaka encishisiwe inhliziyo yethu, khona-ke kukhona nje yezinkanyezi izibalo - ezingaphezu kuka-34 abantu abayisigidi! Futhi ekugcineni, idatha zakamuva - ngalesi sikhathi inhliziyo iyakwazi ukuphampa amalitha abayizigidi ezintathu kwegazi. Liyindawo enhle kakhulu. Ngakho, uma uzibuza ukuthi nhloboni umsebenzi wenziwa inhliziyo, singasho ngokuqinisekile - ezibalulekile. Futhi ukwenza lo msebenzi omkhulu. Kuhle kokusho into eyodwa ngaphezulu: kwenye ukunciphisa olulodwa uthatha lolu ubungako bamandla, obekungadala ngokwanele ukuthi siphakamise wezimpahla e 400 amagremu isisindo ukuze ukuphakama 1 imitha. Futhi lokhu ikhumbula yokuthi inhliziyo uyaphumula, zichitha amaphesenti angu-15 kuphela inani imithombo yayo ekuchithweni kwayo. Kodwa uma umzimba enza umsebenzi onzima, kodwa uchitha 35% bamandla alo. Lokho inhliziyo yethu, isakhiwo kanye nemisebenzi okuyinto ekhethekile ngempela futhi eyingqayizivele.

Myocardium futhi ngokucacile yayo

Lapha ungakwazi ukukhuluma isikhathi eside futhi impela eningi. Ngokwesibonelo, cabangela izinkondlo, amaseli esivimba amanzi contractile. Ukuxoxa umsebenzi inhliziyo, abakwazi kodwa kuthinte ukunakwa okwamanje. Iqiniso lokuthi baye iminyaka eminingi lusebenze ngaphandle kokuma. Ngoba kubalulekile ukuthi njalo bephethe emoyeni. I yokushodelwa umoya nezinye izakhi zibulale umsebenzi kwenhliziyo yomuntu. Uma bangeke bakwenze, amaseli uqale ukuba afe, ngokushesha. Phela, bengakwenzi izinqolobane, okungase kube usizo ezimweni ezinjalo. Life of amaseli inhliziyo - kunyatheliswa kungaqedwa. Futhi imisipha elicwile igazi, angase azibulale. Ngemva igazi esivimba amanzi okuwugcwalisile ingaphakathi layo, akadli. Umoya-mpilo nezakhi konke kokudabula izitsha esukela aorta.

Ukuchithwa umsebenzi

Kuyinto omunye oyinhloko. Futhi Noma alternation of diastole futhi systole ka ventricles inhliziyo - is alternately ukuphumula yabo nokuncipha. Uma usuqedile diastole, le ventricles ugcwalise ngegazi. Uma kukhona systole, bephumelela kulolo igazi ebhuthini yamaphaphu futhi le-aorta, t. E. Ngo imithambo ezinkulu. Ungakwenza kanjani ukukhumbula - eduze ventricles kukhona valve inhliziyo, okuyizinto isithiyo ukuhlanekezela nje hawu igazi enhliziyweni kusukela Umthambo. Ngemva lonke igazi, ngaphambi ukugcwalisa ventricles, sihamba ngemithambo emikhulu ngqo ATRIUM. Ukuncishiswa - ke zandulelwa systole ventricular. Singasho ukuthi ATRIUM - kuba uhlobo futha elisizayo, ngokusiza bagcwalise ventricles.

izakhi Functional wenhliziyo

incazelo yabo egazini kubaluleke njengokugwema umsebenzi eyenziwa valve. Imisipha fibre nje kwenye yezingxenye sokusebenza. Lokhu uchungechunge yakhiwa amaseli esivimba amanzi, ezixhunywe komunye nomunye futhi ebiyelwe ulwelwesi olulodwa sarcoplasmic. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le micu zihlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningana. Konke kuncike izici zawo tekusebentisa morphological ngabanye. Uhlobo lokuqala - a ventricular fibre futhi myocardium atrial. Bakha main yemisipha futhi yibo ukunikeza umsebenzi ukudonsa. Uhlobo lwesibili - okuthiwa imisipha Imicu yotshani Umqhubi uhlelo. Bazi ukuthi banesibophezelo ukubukeka injabulo, kanye ukudluliswa wakhe amaseli we myocardium. Ngakho ukuthi ukusheshisa ukushaya kwenhliziyo - phetho abahluphayo izingxenye ukusebenza komzimba womuntu emaphakathi.

Imiphumela ukuphazamiseka inhliziyo

Matter kanjani lwenteke kahle komuntu inhliziyo umsebenzi, kuncike ngoba impilo yawo, sesivele okukhulunywa. Ngeshwa, namuhla, abaningi bahlushwa yizifo ezihlobene nokungabikho ukuthi umzimba. Bayisizwe ngenkuthalo ogulayo abadala kanye nabantu abadala. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi u it okukhulunywa - lokhu umzimba usebenza ayimi kukho konke ukuphila, futhi akumangalisi ukuthi ngemva kweminyaka engu-50-60 komsebenzi okuqhubekayo, uyakhathala. Abathathu emihlanu babulawa womuntu ngenxa yesifo senhliziyo, okungcono kokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo.

Ngu izifo ngamaqembu amathathu ezinkulu izifo ezithinta imithambo yegazi, ama-valve futhi igobolondo Indwangu. Ngokwesibonelo, isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi - isifo esithinta imithambo yenhliziyo. By the way, lesi sifo ezivamile. Noma inhliziyo ukwehluleka, eziningi kakhulu kuthinta. izifo Ukungaphathwa kufanele ichasiselwe okuphambene. Ingqikithi yalo isifo itholakala ukuhlukumeza kwanoma iyiphi umsebenzi we valve inhliziyo. Futhi iphutha kungavunyelwa abalufundile noma azalwa nako. Arrhythmias Ungase futhi zenzeka uma inhliziyo umsebenzi komuntu kahle. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngenxa ukungaguquguquki wangqongqoza, imvamisa, noma inhliziyo isigqi. Abanye abantu bekhathazwa khona angina (anoxia). Futhi ekugcineni, kufanele ukunakekela ukuhlukumeza waphawula, njengoba isilethikusebenza. Enye yenhliziyo Umthambo isifo - uma kukhona isifo bezwe myocardium iyeke imunce igazi, noma akusiyo okukhulu njengenjwayelo.

cardiopalmus

Ngokusekelwe kulokhu okungenhla, kungaqondakala ukuthi uma noma yiziphi izinguquko zenzeka ngomzimba wethu oyinhloko - ke lena ukuhlukumeza kwanoma yimuphi umsebenzi inhliziyo. Mhlawumbe lesi sifo ezivamile futhi iningi njalo waphawula kuyinto palpitations inhliziyo. Lokhu kungaba tachycardia, okuyinto eyenzeka ngenxa yenhliziyo Umthambo isifo, myocarditis, esivimba amanzi sokuwohloka, noma ngenxa yokuphambana. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi lesi sifo ongakaphathelani inhliziyo - kungase kube ngenxa abanale nkinga, menopause noma isimila ukuvela. Abantu abaningi bamane nje unake okuvela ubuhlungu noma emizweni eziyinqaba. Futhi ngeze, ngoba inhliziyo yethu kubhekene umthwalo omkhulu. Ikakhulukazi zilalele lokhu kufanele kube njalo uma umsebenzi wangasese okuhlobene kwemizwa umsebenzi, ukucindezeleka nokukhungatheka.

izici ezingeziwe

Ngaphezu ukuqaliswa kwegazi, lo umzimba kubalulekile, Kukhona okunye okungenziwa. Ayini Imisebenzi esemqoka inhliziyo kufanele zabelwe ngaphezulu? Mhlawumbe automatism okuthiwa - ikhono layo ukukhiqiza pulses yokuthi avuse excitation. I enkulu ezahlukene automatism node sinoatrial. Namanje bayakhohlwa conductivity - umsebenzi we myocardium, noma kunalokho ikhono layo ukuze adlulisele amaza ngqo contractility zenhliziyo. Empeleni, excitability - inqubo ngokunikeza okusheshayo ukushaya kwenhliziyo ishayela ithonya. Futhi-ke, refractory, ukungabi nekhono kusebenze amaseli we myocardium ujabule uma uma amasignali ezengeziwe ziye zaqala ukufika. It is zihlukaniswe ngokuphelele (lapho inhliziyo eyikho bengenandaba ngokuphelele maqondana yimuphi excitation), kanye isihlobo (umzimba iphendula inkulumo enamandla kakhulu). Ngakho enhliziyweni yomuntu imisebenzi akupheli.

Into kuphela ukuthi ngingathanda ukusho - ngoba yilokho udinga basinakekele. Phela, lokhu umzimba kubalulekile kakhulu, futhi kuncike nesimo bungakanani ubude bokuphila komuntu. Ngakho, esekelwe osekushiwo, kuphephile ukumemezela ukuthi isakhiwo inhliziyo futhi umsebenzi zazo kubhekwe ngendlela enemininingwane, - indlela ehlanganisa nenqwaba imithambo yegazi, izimbotshana valve, oxhumene eyodwa injongo - ukunikeza kwegazi ephelele. Phela, kubalulekile ukuba impilo yanoma isiphi isidalwa esiphilayo. Ngakho ncamashi yilokhu Umsebenzi oyinhloko inhliziyo.