Imisho enzima: izinhlobo zemisho eyinkimbinkimbi. Izinhlobo zokuxhumana emshweni onzima

Ikhono lokuhlukanisa kahle imisho eyinkimbinkimbi, izinhlobo zemisho eyinkimbinkimbi, ngokuyinhloko inquma ikhono lokusebenzisa kahle izimpawu zokubhala. Ukuthi isixhumanisi sikhona phakathi kwezingxenye kuncike kumpawu zokubhala, ngoba akuyona imfihlo ukuthi ngaphandle kwekhamera, ungasebenzisa i-colon, ideshi noma i-semicolon. Indlela yokuhlukanisa kahle izinhlobo zemisho eyinkimbinkimbi, futhi ukhulume kulesi sihloko.

Isiphakamiso silula futhi siyinkimbinkimbi

Umusho uyunithi eyisisekelo yokwenziwa kwanoma yiluphi ulimi. Kungenxa yokusiza kwabo ukuthi abantu bangakhulumi kuphela, kodwa bacabange, bhala. I-syntax ukutadisha imisho. Le ngxenye yesayensi yolwazi ichaza imisho elula neyinkimbinkimbi, izinhlobo zemisho eyinkimbinkimbi. Lesi sigaba sibonisa nokuthi amagama ahlobene kanjani nezinyunithi zokwenza izinto.

Ukufunda i-syntax, umuntu ukhulisa inkulumo yakhe: iba nocebile, inembile, ilula futhi iveza kahle. Ngempela, umuntu angakhuluma esebenzisa imisho elula, kodwa kungenye indlela ukusebenzisa izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokwakha ezigqamile ngokuqhathaniswa, izici ezicacile.

Ngokuhlobene kakhulu ne-syntax izimpendulo. Isikhungo salo ikhono lokusebenzisa kahle izimpawu zokubhala. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba ngale ndlela indlela imicabango yomlobi ibonakala ngayo futhi iyaqondakala.

Izinhlobo zokunikela

Imisho ngesiRussia ihlukaniswe ibe lula futhi iyinkimbinkimbi. Isici esiyinhloko esinqunyiwe lapha yinombolo yamasisekelo asegrama. Uma esedwa, lo mnikelo ulula. Isibonelo: "I-autumn enemibala emigwaqweni eneqabunga elimibalabala". (Isihloko - ekwindla, isichazamazwi - okudwetshiwe, ngokulandelana, umusho ulula). Kunendaba ehlukile uma umusho unesizathu esingaphezu kwesisodwa. Kulesi simo, kubhekisela enkimbinkimbi: "I-autumn ikhiqiza emigwaqweni ngamaqabunga amabalabala, kodwa ukugwedla ngeke kuhlale isikhathi eside." Isihloko No. 1 - ekwindla, inombolo yenombolo 1 - edwetshiwe; Inombolo yesihloko 2 - ukuphikisana, inombolo yenombolo 2 - izohlala. Ngakho-ke, kulesi sibonelo, umusho unzima.

Ungavumelani nesiphakamiso esiyinkimbinkimbi nesinkimbinkimbi. Ngokuvamile isichazamazwi esiyinkimbinkimbi sithathwa njengesisekelo sesi-grammatic yesibili. Isibonelo: "I-autumn igxiliwe futhi imbala emigwaqweni eneqabunga elimibalabala". Lo musho ulula, ucindezelwe yizibikezelo ezihambisanayo: umkhonto, upende.

Imisho elula: umehluko nezici

Zonke izinhlobo zemisho elula neyinkimbinkimbi zihlukaniswa ngamapharamitha amabili: inhloso yokukhuluma nokukhuluma. Owokuqala uveza amayunithi okuzwakalisa okulandayo, ukubuza imibuzo nokukhuthaza. Ngokwemvelo, imisho engeyona yokumangalela futhi yokumangalisa ikhethwe.

Imisho elula, nayo, ihlukaniswa yimingcele eminingana.

1. Ejwayelekile futhi engavamile. Lapha sibheka ukunakekelwa kokukhona kwamalungu wesibili. "AmaKittens adlala." - "Ama-kittens amnandi adlala emaseni phambi kwendlu." Umusho wokuqala awuvamile, lapha kuphela isihloko (ama-kittens) kanye nesimiso (ukudlala). Esimweni sesibili, umusho uvamile: ngesisekelo sohlelo lolimi, kunezimo (ematsheni, phambi kwendlu) nencazelo (enhle).
2. Ingxenye eyodwa nengxenye emibili. Owokuqala unomunye wamalungu amakhulu: "Angiyikuphuma endlini." Lapha, isandulela kuphela siyatholakala.
3. Kunzima futhi cha. Umusho olula ungaba nzima ngokuchaza okuhlukile, ukungezelela noma isimo: "Umuntu ofunda izincwadi uyohlale engumxhumanisi othakazelisayo." "Ukufunda amabhuku" kuyincazelo ehlanganisiwe, evezwe yinzuzo ebambe iqhaza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imigomo ehambisanayo, amagama okuqala kanye nokwakhiwa, ukuphenduka okuqhathanisa nokwenza isiphakamiso sinzima.
4. Kugcwele futhi akuphelele. Lezi zinsuku azikho ilungu, inhloko noma eyesibili. Ngaphandle komongo, incazelo yabo ayiqondakali.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwezigwebo eziyinkimbinkimbi kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lokuxhuma

Izinhlobo zokuxhuma izingxenye zesigwebo esinkimbinkimbi namagama enhlanganisela yegama kukhona ukuhlanganiswa nokuhlanganiswa. Cabanga ngabo ngomongo wesigwebo esiyinkimbinkimbi.

Uma izingxenye ezimbili zomusho zilingana, akukho mbuzo phakathi kwabo - sinesixhumanisi phambi kwethu. Kuboniswa ngokusebenzisa izinyunyana zokudala kanye nokukhuluma.

Uma enye yezingxenye incike komunye, singacela kalula umbuzo phakathi kwabo, khona-ke kukhona ubudlelwane obuphansi. Kuqashelwa ngosizo lwezinyunyana ezingaphansi, amagama alandelayo kanye nokukhuluma.

Izingxenye ezixhunyiwe kuphela eziyingxenye yemisho engaxhunyiwe enzima. Izinhlobo zemisho enzima zixoxwa ngokuningiliziwe ngezansi.

Isipho esiyinkimbinkimbi

Izingxenye kwisigwebo esakhiwe (ngemuva kwalokhu okubizwa ngokuthi yi-SSP) ziyaxhunyaniswa ngokubili nangokusizwa kwezinyunyana zokudala. Lezi zinsuku zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amathathu: ukuxhuma, ukuhlukanisa nokukhangisa. Ngakho-ke, lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo zemisho eyinkimbinkimbi zizokhethwa:

1. I-SSP enezinyunyana ezixhumayo. Okuvamile kakhulu - futhi, yebo, yebo, futhi (futhi elinganayo ngexabiso futhi), futhi, futhi. Le misho ivame ukuveza incazelo yesikhathi, ukufana okufanayo noma ukulandelana kwezenzo. Isibonelo, umusho: "Ifu elimnyama livele esibhakabhakeni, futhi ngemva nje komzuzwana umbani uvunguza." Lapha ukulandelana kwezenzakalo kuhlelwe hhayi nje ngosizo lunyunyana, futhi kuqiniswa ngokwengeziwe ngesimo sesikhathi: ngomzuzu . Futhi, i-SSPs nezinyunyana ezixhunyanisayo zingabonisa ukuthi kusho ukuthini imbangela noma umphumela: "Ngicindezelekile njalo ekuseni, ngakho-ke izifo ziyizihambi kimi." Ukubaluleka kwe-causal kuqiniswa yisimo ngakho-ke .
2. Ku-BSC ngezinyunyana eziphikisanayo (kodwa, yebo, yebo (elingana nencazelo kodwa), kodwa, noma kunjalo) umcimbi owodwa noma into ephikisanayo iyaphambana nomunye. "Sonke sikhuluma izilimi ezihlukene, kodwa abantu babonisa usizi kanye nenjabulo efanayo ngokulinganayo." Eziphakamisweni ezinjalo, ngokuvamile inhlayiya yengezwe emnyangweni wokubumbana, kuphela inhlayiya isetshenziswa ngaphandle kokubambisana: "Ingoma kuphela idinga ubuhle, kodwa asikho isidingo sobuhle" (I. Bunin).
3. Ukuhlukanisa izivumelwano, noma, noma, lokhu nalokho kanye nezinye izinhlobo zenye imisho yemisho ehlanganisiwe. Bachaza okushiwo ukushintsha noma kungenzeka komcimbi: "Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngilale, noma konke kwenzeka ngokoqobo" (ukuhlukahluka komcimbi). "Iqhwa liyeza, umoya uyakhala, isivunguvungu seqhwa sishaya."

Imisho eyinkimbinkimbi

Imisho ehlukene - imisho eyinkimbinkimbi. Izinhlobo zemisho eyinkimbinkimbi yalolu hlobo ziyahlukahluka. Kodwa-ke, bonke bahlanganiswa ngokuba khona kwezinxenye ezimbili ezingalingani: izingxenye eziyinhloko nezingaphansi. Kusukela kokuqala, singabuza kalula umbuzo komunye. "Kudingeka sifunde kuphela lezo zinto ezifundisa nokufundisa ukucabanga." Ingxenye yokuqala iyona eyinhloko. Sibuza umbuzo: "Kuzo" yiziphi izincwadi? Impendulo yingxenye yesibili, ngokufanele, yinto eyengeziwe.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi akuwona ngaso sonke isikhathi isigatshana esilandelayo esilandelayo esilandelayo. Kungaba phambi kwayo: "Uma sisuka ekuseni, sizoba nesikhathi sokuthatha izindawo ezinhle kakhulu." Futhi, lesi sigaba somthetho singase "silahleke" ngaphakathi kokuyinhloko. "Amagatsha esilwane, esasithinta kancane iqhwa, ayemnandi ekwindla." Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi isigatshana esingaphansi kwesigaba sonke sihlukanisiwe nomcibisholo omkhulu.

Kuye ngokubaluleka, imisho ehlukene eyinkimbinkimbi ikhethiwe. Izinhlobo zemisho eyinkimbinkimbi enesixhumanisi esinqunyiwe ziyonqunywa ngamagatshana angaphansi awenzayo:

• Abaphansi bangaphansi.
• I-predicate ngaphansi.
• Ngaphansi kwesinqunyiwe.
• Ukwengezwa okungeziwe.
• Pridatochnye circumstantial.

Isigwebo esiyinkimbinkimbi esinengqondo

Kunezinhlobo ezinjalo zokuxhuma izingxenye zomusho oyinkimbinkimbi, lapho ukuxhasana kwabo komunye nomunye kudluliselwa kuphela ngokusebenzisa ukusetshenziswa kwencazelo kanye nokukhuluma. Kulokhu, sikhuluma ngemisho eyinkimbinkimbi enzima. Kusukela incazelo kucacile ukuthi azikho izinyunyana ezingaphansi noma zokusebenzisana lapha. Izimpawu zokugcina izimpawu, kanye nezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zemisho eyinkimbinkimbi yabantu abangenawo umuntu, zithathwa kuphela ngokusho kwe-semantic.

Ama-Commas ezinyunithi ezinjalo zokwenziwa zifakwe ngokungavamile kakhulu. Ngokuvamile - ikholoni nedashi. Owokuqala ubeka esimweni sobukhona engxenyeni yesibili yenani lembangela. "Ngizohamba: kuyoba ngcono kuwo wonke umuntu". Kufanele futhi ufake ikholoni, uma kukhona inani lokuchaza noma incazelo eyengeziwe. I-Tire ifakwa uma ingxenye yesibili ibonisa ukuphikisa: "Umuthi ukhula - umlimi uyadlula". Qhathanisa: "Umuthi ukhula, kodwa lo muntu uyaqothula." Noma nini isikhathi, isimo, umphumela.

Ukunikezwa ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuxhumana

Kukhona olunye uhlobo lwemisho eyinkimbinkimbi, equkethe labo abalwe ngenhla - lo musho oyinkimbinkimbi ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuxhumana. Imele amabhlokhi amaningana, axhunyiwe ngokuxhumana okuhlangene noma ngokungenasidingo.

Ukuze siqonde kangcono lolu hlobo lwezinyunithi zokwenza izinto, ake sithathe isibonelo. "Abanye abantu bathi ukukhunjulwa kwezinkumbulo kudala - ngicabanga ukuthi baphutha." Ake sihlaziye izinhlobo zoxhumano kumusho oyinkimbinkimbi. Nazi amabhlogo amabili, okuyinto imisho eyinkimbinkimbi. Phakathi kwabo - ubudlelwane bomhlaba wonke, oboniswa ukubaluleka kokuphikisa, ngakho-ke kufakwa kudoti. Ngakho-ke, ibhlogo lokuqala liphela ngegama elithi age , bese kuthi lesibili ibhokisi.