Iyini isichazamazwi esiyinkimbinkimbi, futhi yimuphi indima yayo emshweni

ULev Tolstoy ushilo iqiniso: "Ulimi lwesiRussia lukhulu futhi lunamandla." Futhi lokhu kuyiqiniso ngempela, ngakho kunzima kwabangaphandle. Phela, ukuhumusha kwesiRashiya - esinye sezilimi ezicebile kakhulu zomhlaba, nokuthuthukiswa kolimi lwazo kanye nezimpendulo, ngisho naphakathi kwamaphilologists kuthatha iminyaka eminingi.

Kule ngqikithi, sizoxoxa ngesihloko samalungu okuhumusha ahambisanayo (ama-PPPs), okungukuthi umqondo wabo, imithetho yokusetshenziswa kanye nezimpawu zokubhala. Ngokuyinhloko, sizohlala ngokuningiliziwe mayelana nalokho okushiwo yi-predicate ehambisanayo, futhi iyiphi indima edlala kulo mbhalo.

Yini edingekayo kuma-PPPs

Izigameko zolimi lwesiRashiya zihlukaniswa zibe zilula futhi ziyinkimbinkimbi (kuye ngokuthi inani lezixhumanisi zokwenza izinto), kwi-single-component kanye nengxenye emibili (ngokubambisana nesifundo, nesigqebhezana), kanye nokujwayelekile nokungajwayelekile (ngenani lamalungu angesibili). Ukuba khona kwe-syntax enjalo ecebile futhi kukuvumela ukuba wakhe izakhi eziningi eziyinkimbinkimbi nezinkomba nezitayela ezahlukene ze-prose. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imisho enezibikezelo ezihambisanayo, isihloko, izengezo, izincazelo noma izimo zingasetshenziswa njengendlela yokululaza umthwalo we-semantic: ayifaki isidingo sokuqeda umbhalo bese uwufinyelisa. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukugcina ulwazi oluthe xaxa ngefomu elincane lomlomo.

Ukudabuka

Njengesibonelo, singakwazi ukwakha umusho ngezibikezelo ezihambisanayo: "Ngesikhathi sokuphumula, izingane zidlala izingoma zomculo, zahlabelela futhi zadansa." Kuyinto elula, ehlukaniswe kabili, evamile futhi engahambwanga ngamazwi angaphandle. Into eyodwa eyinkimbinkimbi nayo yizibikezelo ezihambelanayo, ezichazwe ngamagama ngobuningi besikhathi esedlule futhi zixhunywe ngamamaki okubhala izimpawu kanye nenyunyana eyodwa "futhi". Ngakho-ke, esikhundleni sesigwebo sakhiwe ("Ngesikhathi sokuphumula, ezinye izingane zidlale izinsimbi zomculo, abanye bahlabelela futhi abanye badansa"), sikwazi ukusebenzisa inguqulo ehambisanayo, sigcine ivolumu yangaphambilini yolwazi. Lapha, ngamafishane sachaza ukuthi isifiso esiphelele siphila, futhi iyiphi indima yayo emgunyeni. Manje cabanga ukuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani kulo mbhalo.

Umqondo we

Amalungu angafani nalabo abhekisela egameni elilodwa, uphendule imibuzo ethile, futhi enze umsebenzi ofanayo kusiphakamiso (isihloko / isilandiso / isimo / ukuhlanganisa / incazelo). Isibonelo, "Kukhona i-COMPUTER, RADIO, GLOBE, i- Toys MACHINE ne-STATUETTE enhle etafuleni". Wonke amagama ayisihlanu akhethiwe axhomeke kulesi sibikezelo futhi aphendule umbuzo jikelele "yilokho?" - "ikhompyutha, umsakazo, umlingo, umshini kanye nesitatimende." Kungaphetha futhi ukuthi amalunga ahlangene angaxhunyaniswa ndawonye ngokubhala izinyunyana (ezingashadile noma eziphindaphindiwe) noma izimpawu zokubhala, kepha ngokuqinisekile zihambisane nencazelo yokubhalisa. Ngokuvamile le nqubo isetshenziselwa izincazelo zezinto eziphilayo noma izinto, ukusiza ukwakha umqondo wayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, banquma isitayela esikhethekile sesiphakamiso. Ngakho-ke, izibikezelo ezihambisanayo zinikezela umbhalo: "Khona-ke uDima wabe esigijimela, wabe esekhubeka, futhi wabuye wagijimela ijubane, ngokuqeda ngokuphumelelayo ukunqoba kwabaphikisanayo."

I-Morphology kanye nezimpawu zokubhala

Manje sizoqonda ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi yisiphi isibikezelo esifanayo. Okufanayo: ukuthi ingabonakaliswa kanjani, futhi yiziphi izimpawu zokubhala ezisetshenziselwa lokhu. Indlela elula ukusebenzisa amalungu omusho ahambisanayo ngesimo senkulumo eyodwa, ehlukaniswe kuphela ngamanyunyana noma amamaki okubhala.

Isibonelo, "Wonke umuntu wayekhuluma emcimbini, ehleka, ehleka futhi edansa." Lo musho ungaba nzima ngokukhulisa amagama afanayo. Kuvela: "Emcimbini, wonke umuntu wayexoxa nabanye, ehleka ngokuzwakalayo, ehleka ngokuhleka nokuhleka ngomculo we-pop." Ungakwazi futhi ukwengeza igama elivamile (igama elilodwa elihlanjululwa futhi elichazwe ngamalungu amalunga ajwayelekile, kuyilapho isebenza kuwo wonke amagama alolu chungechunge, uphendule umbuzo owodwa nabo futhi ube yilungu elifanayo lomusho). Isibonelo, "Wonke umuntu wayekhuluma emcimbini, ehleka, ehleka, edlala - emfushane, ejabulisa." Okungukuthi, uma igama elikhiqizayo lilandela uchungechunge lwamagama ahambisanayo, i-dash ifakwe ngaphambi kwayo. Futhi uma itholakala ekuqaleni komugqa ("Wonke umuntu wayezijabulisa ephathini: baxoxisana, behleka, bahleka futhi badansa"), khona-ke ikholoni ibeke emva kwayo.

Qaphela:

Ngokuvamile, sithole ukuthi isiphi isibikezelo esivumelanayo, yiyiphi indima yayo emshweni, futhi yiziphi izimpawu ezithathayo ukwakha ngaphandle kwezwi elikhiqizayo kanye nalo. Manje kusele kuphela ukwenza izinkinga ezikhethekile, okungukuthi: kanjani ukuqaphela amagama angaphambani futhi ahambisana naleso sigwebo. Inkinga ukuthi bangabonakaliswa ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zokukhuluma ngisho nemisho nemishwana. Isibonelo, "UPetru wachitha usuku lonke elele, elele, edla, ehamba futhi ebuka i-TV - ngezwi, wayeshaya amabhakede". Noma "Izinwele zika-Anya zakhula zihamba kahle, zikhanyayo, zenziwe ngama-curls ahlekisayo eduze kwezindlebe."

Futhi kuyadingeka ukuhlukanisa amagama aphindaphindiwe avela kumalungu afanayo omusho (ubaba ovuliwe, kanye nezingane, UKUHLELA, UKUHLELA, OKUHLELA), amafomu afanayo ahlukaniswe yi-particle "hhayi" (UNGAKHULU, futhi uyakuthanda), inzuzo engaguquki (NO FISH noma MEAT, NO I-Pooh HLE, AKUKHO UKUNIKELA OKUNYE, njll) kanye nezibikezelo zezinhlanganisela, ezichazwe ngenhlanganisela yezenzi ezimbili (ngizohamba ngizobona, ngizokwenza, ngithathe futhi ngitshele). Khumbula ukuthi ezimweni ezingenhla, amagama aqokomisiwe yilungu elilodwa lomusho!