I-Artikli ngesi-German. Ilula futhi engabizi

Noma ubani osanda ukufunda isiJalimane ubhekene nenkinga yezihloko. Kunzima isikhulumi saseRussia ukuqonda lesi sihloko, ngoba enkulumweni yethu asisebenzisi noma yini efana neyesiJalimane. Kulesi sihloko, sitholakala futhi sivele siphendule imibuzo evame kakhulu phakathi kwabafundi abasha kule ndaba.

I-Artikli ngesiJalimane inezinhlobo eziningana: okucacile, okungajwayelekile futhi okungajwayelekile. Ake sicabangele ngamunye wabo ngokulandelana.

Isihloko esiqondile

Kukhona ezine kuphela zazo:

Der - ngamabizo wesilisa (der);

Ukufa - ubulili besifazane (di);

I-Das - ye-genus ephakathi (i-das);

Ukufa kuningi (di).

Zisetshenziswa ezimweni ezilandelayo:

1. Uma sazi ukuthi yini esengozini. Uma lesi sihloko sesivele sikhulunywe ngaphambili. Isibonelo: der Hund (inja ethile, eseyishiwo kakade).
2. Ukuchaza izimo ezihlukile ezinhlobonhlobo zabo, izifaniso ezingekho emvelweni (i-Erde - Umhlaba).
3. Ukubizwa kwezinto eziningi zendawo: imifula, imizi, izintaba, olwandle, olwandle, izitaladi nokunye (kufa i-Alpen).
4. Uma ngaphambi kwegama lethu inombolo yocingo (der dritte Mann - umuntu wesithathu), noma isiphakamiso esiphezulu (der schnellste Mann - umuntu osheshayo).

Isihloko esingapheli

I-Ein - i-genus ne-middle genus (ain);

U-Eine ubulili besifazane (aine).

Esimweni samanje, ayikho into ebuningi.

Isihloko esingapheli esiJalimane sisetshenziselwa amacala alandelayo:

1. Uma sikhuluma ngezinto esingaziyo (i-ein Hund yinhlobo ethile yenja esiyizwayo okokuqala).
2. Ngemuva kokuthi inkulumo ethi "es gibt" (ngokwezwi nelithi "lapho"), ukuze kube lula, singakwazi ukudweba isiNgisi "kukhona" (Esigibt einen Weg - kunomgwaqo lapha).
3. Ukuqokwa kwezinhlobo noma isigaba (Der Löwe kuRaubtier - ingonyama isilwane esilwane).
4. Ngezenzi Haben (ukuba nazo) noBrauchen (badinga). Isibonelo: "Ich habe eine Arbeit" - Nginomsebenzi.

Isihloko se-Zero

Akuwona wonke ama-athikili ngesi-German ngempela. Kukhona into enjenge-athikili ye-zero. Eqinisweni, lokhu kungabikho kwalesi sihloko nhlobo. Ngakho, asibhali lutho ngaphambi kwegama, uma:

1. Lisho umsebenzi noma umsebenzi (Sie ist Ärztin - ungudokotela).
2. Ngaphambi kwamagama abo amaningi (iLondon i-Großbritannien - eLondon - inhloko-dolobha yaseGreat Britain).
3. Ukukhomba iningi (Hier wohnen Menschen - lapha abantu abaphilayo).
4. Lapho ukhetha into yamakhemikhali, impahla (aus Gold - evela egolide).

Cishe njalo uhlobo lwebizo ngesiRashiya kanye nezihloko ezihambisanayo ngesiJalimane ziyahlukahluka komunye nomunye. Isibonelo, uma "intombazane" isesifazana, khona-ke ngesiJalimane - esisodwa-"das Mädchen". Okusho ukuthi, "intombazane". Kukhona iqoqo leziphetho ongenza kube lula ukunquma uhlobo lwebizo, kodwa ezimweni eziningi kukhona indlela eyodwa kuphela yokuphuma - khumbula.

Enye ubunzima yi-declension yalesi sihloko ngolimi lwesiJalimane. NjengesiRashiya, asisho ukuthi: "Ngibona intombazane," kanye nesiJalimane. Njalo isihloko sibheka icala. Lo msebenzi wenziwa lula ngokuthi kukhona amacala amane kuphela lapha: U-Nominativ (ophakanyiswayo), i-Genetiv (i-genitive), i-Dativ (i-dative) ne-Akkusativ (njengamangalela). I-declension kufanele ikhunjulwe kalula. Ukuze kube lula kwakho, sizobe sibhala uhlu lwetafula ngezansi.

Ngokuqondene nezihloko ezingapheli, zivame ukufana ne-prinitsipu. Isibonelo, isihloko sabantu besilisa e-Akk sizoba se-einen, nje-uma senezelwa kuwo. Ngakho kwenzeka nazo zonke ezinye izihloko.