Upela kanjani i-Alexandra ngesiNgisi? Ukubusa, izici

Ukuhunyushwa kwamagama kwezinye izilimi kubangela izinkinga eziningi. Iqiniso liwukuthi amabizo abo nomlando wasendulo, njengomthetho, ezweni ngalinye banamafomu afanayo namafomethi amancane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngezilimi ezahlukene imisindo efanayo kule ncwadi iboniswa ezincwadini ezahlukene ngokuphelele. Ukufunda lesi sihloko, ake sicabangele njengesibonelo, njengesiNgisi igama lika-Alexander lilotshiwe.

Okushoyo

Okokuqala, kudingeke ukuba ufunde ngemvelaphi kanye nencazelo yaleli gama.

Kwavela ngisho nangezikhathi zaseGrisi lasendulo futhi ekuqaleni kwakukhona uhlobo lwesilisa olulodwa lwe-Alexandros, oluhunyushwa ngokuthi "umvikeli".

Umlando wokubukeka nokusabalalisa

Ekwahlulela ngemithombo ebhaliwe yesiGreki, ekuqaleni leli gama lalisetshenziswa njengesimo sesibalo esilandelayo egameni. Into efana nalezi zikhulu zaseSlav: i-Yaroslav the Wise, uVladimir the Great, njalonjalo.

Ngakho-ke emangcwabeni endala amazwi elithi "Alexander" no "Alexandra" abonakala njengama-prefixes kumagama eParis nodadewabo uCassandra futhi athi "abavikeli babantu."

Cishe, ukuthandwa kwezinganekwane mayelana namaTrojans (amaRoma ayebheka okhokho babo) abe nomthelela ekusakazeni kwalemigomo kakade njengamagama afanele eMbusweni wamaRoma. Kodwa-ke, babegqoke, njengomthetho, izigqila zesiGreki, kuyilapho amaRoma ahloniphekile ngokwabo ayekhetha ukusebenzisa amanye amagama ahlukile ngolwimi lwabo.

Ngokufika kobuKristu, okwakuqala ukubonwa njengenkolo yezigqila, igama elithi Alexander no-Alexander laba yinto ethandwa kakhulu, kodwa futhi izakhamuzi ezicebile nezihloniphekile zaseRoma azizange zizisebenzise.

Leli gama lalisakazeka kakhulu kusukela ngekhulu le-4 AD, lapho isosha lamaKristu lamaRoma u-Alexander wenqaba ukukhonza onkulunkulu bamaqaba futhi wabulawa ngenxa yalokhu. Ukuqina kwakhe kwaba yisibonelo kubazalwane nodade abaningi ngokholo, futhi umfel 'ukholo ngokwakhe kamuva wabizwa ngokuthi ungcwele.

Ngemva kokuvela kobuKristu, inkolo yombuso kuphela yombuso yanda ukuthandwa igama elithi Alexander nomlingani wakhe wesifazane - u-Alexander (ngesiNgisi njengoba kubhaliwe - esigabeni IV). Kanye nezithunywa zevangeli ezingamaKristu, kancane kancane kwavela cishe kuwo wonke amazwe. Yingakho ngezilimi eziningi zanamuhla zaseYurophu ungathola izinketho zakhe.

Izilinganiso zesiNgisi zegama elicatshangelwe

Ngaphambi kokuba uqonde ukuthi igama elithi "Alexandra" libhalwa kanjani ngesiNgisi, kuyafaneleka ukufunda ngokuhluka kwalo okukhona kulolu limi.

NgesiRashiya (kusukela ekubukeni kohlelo lolimi) isipelingi salolu gama lunye, futhi konke okunye kubonakala njengezifanekiselo kanye nezifinyezo, ezingenakuvunyelwa emadokhumweni esemthethweni. Noma kunjalo, ngesiNgisi kunamagama amaningi, okwakhiwa kusukela ngegama elithi "Alexander", elihlelwe njengezibizo ezihlukile.

• U-Alex (Alex).
• I-Alexa.
• I-Lexa (Lexa).
• Lexi, Lexie.
• USandra (uSandra).
• Zandra, Xandra (Zandra).
• Sandy, Sandie.
• UZandy, uZandie, Xandy, Xandie (Zandy).

Kulokhu, igama eliphelele lika-Alexandra lisetshenziselwa zonke izinhlobo.

Indlela yokubhala "Alexander" ngesiNgisi ezincwadini ezisemthethweni

Ngemva kokucubungula ukuhlukahluka okuvame kakhulu kweli gama (elisetshenziswe ngolimi lwabaseBrithani nabaseMelika), kuyakudingeka ukuthola ukuthi leli gama lesiLatin kufanele libheke kanjani ngokuvumelana nemithetho eyamukeleka ngesiRashiya.

Esigabeni esandulele kwaboniswa ukuthi ubhala kanjani "Alexandra" ngesiNgisi (Alexandra). Kodwa-ke, ngokusho kwe-GOST R 52535.1-2006 kaFebhuwari 3, 2010 kanye nezincomo zedokhumenti "Ukuhleleka kweSistimu Yokufuduka KwamaSulumane kanye ne-Federal Security Service yaseRussia ka-Ephreli 15, 2014 N 331/208", leli phepha akumele libe nencwadi "x" kodwa nge " Ks »- u-Aleksandra.

Izizathu zokwenza umehluko

Ukufunda ukupela "Alexander" ngesiNgisi ipasipoti, kufanelekile ukucacisa ukuthi kungani inguqulo yaseRashiya ihlukile.

Iqiniso liwukuthi incwadi yesiLatin "x", ngesiRussia ifundwa njenge- [kc]. Ukuhunyushwa kwesiNgisi kuningi kakhulu okufanayo. Kodwa uma igama elitholakala kulo livela emvelaphi yesiGreki, le ncwadi ingakwazi ukufunda njenge [s] noma njenge- [kz]. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, igama elithi Alexandra lifundwa ngokuthi [alezandra].

Ngakho-ke esinye sezifanekiso zegama elibuzwayo - uZandra, unezinhlobo ezimbili zokubhala: Zandra noXandra. Ngokudabukisayo, ngokuhlukahluka kwamanje kwegama lika-Alexander igama elithi Alex noma u-Alex, incwadi "x" ngesiNgisi isivele ifundwa njenge- [kc].

Kuzo zonke ezingenhla, kungaphetha ngokuthi uma igama ngaphansi kokucwaninga lilotshwe kuma-passports asezakhamuzi zaseRussia, njengesiNgisi, i-Alexandra, ngeke lihambisane nokubiza kwakhe isiRussia [i-alexander]. Ukuqhubekela phambili kulokhu, kunqunywe ukubhala nge "ks" (Aleksandra), njengendlela efanele kakhulu ukuzwakala kwangempela kwegama.

Kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi isimo esinzima ngokubhalwa kwamagama aseRussia ezincwadini zesiLatin akuvamile. Njengesinye isibonelo, ungacabangela ukuthi ungabhala kanjani ngesiNgisi "u-Alexander Selikhov." Ngokusho kwe-GOST, kufanele kubonakale kanje: U-Aleksandra Selikhova.

Noma kunjalo, kuvame ukutholakala isipelingi sesibongo ngaphandle kokuthi "k", kuphela ngo "h": Selihova. Nakuba zombili izinguqulo zibizwa ngesiNgisi ezifanayo, i-Selikhova izobe ilungile. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi kungani, kufanelekile ukucabangela izici zokubiza umsindo we-American [h]. Labo abakhuluma ngezikhulumi zesiNgisi zendabuko bayazi ukuthi bayasichaza ngesifiso sesifiso, ngenxa yokuthi isichazamazwi sabo sibonakala kanjani. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi "isifiso."

Kodwa i-Russian "x" ayinayo. Ngakho-ke, ukubiza izibizo ezifanele zaseRussia eziqukethe le ncwadi ngokufanele, kwakungokwesiko ukubhala hhayi njengo h, kepha njenge kh. Ngakho-ke, "k" okungenakuqhathaniswa, njengokungathi, "ukusika" isifiso, ukubonisa isikhulumi ukuthi asinasifiso.

Ngabe enye igama lika-Alexander libhalwe ngesiNgisi?

Njengoba ufunde ukuthi ukupela isipelingi seRussia nesiNgisi kuhluke kanjani, kufanelekile ukuzijwayeza ngezindlela ezivame kakhulu ukuthi igama elithi "Alexandra" lingabhalwa kwamanye amazwe.

Ungathola izinketho ezifana nalezi: Alecsandra, Aljecsandra no-Alyecsandra, nakuba lokhu kuyoba iphutha ngokwegrama yamazwe amaningi ase-Anglo-namaFulentshi. Iqiniso liwukuthi incwadi yesiLatini "c", empeleni kwezinye izimo zingabizwa [c], [k] ngisho [c]. Noma kunjalo, ukuhluka okuhambisana [k] kungakapheli ngaphambi kwamakholi "y", "e" no "i", engekho kulezi zibonelo.

Kusukela kulokhu okungenhla, kufanelekile ukuphetha ngokuthi wonke umuntu kufanele azi kahle ukuthi kungani igama lakhe libhalwa ngezilimi zangaphandle, futhi hhayi ngokuthembela kwabanye. Phela, ukungakwazi ukufunda nokubhala kungumlando wezwe jikelele, futhi ungabhekana nayo yonke indawo.