Isilimi si ... Isigaba sezilimi zilimi

Ulimi ngalunye luyingqayizivele ngendlela yalo, enhle futhi luyinkimbinkimbi yokuqonda nokutadisha. Abantu abacabanga ukuthi izizwe zase-Afrika zinolwazi lwamagama amaningana aphutha kakhulu. IsiRashiya, IsiNgisi, IsiJalimane, isiShayina, IsiFulentshi - umuntu akanakusho ukuthi omunye ulula kunezinye. Umuntu owazi izilimi eziningi unesihluthulelo samagugu angenakubalwa, njengoba abantu ngabanye banesiko, amasiko, athakazelisa ukutadisha. Umbusi waseRoma uCharles V uthe ukuthi ngesiFulentshi udinga ukukhuluma nabangani, ngesiJalimane - ngezitha, ngesiSpain - noNkulunkulu, nase-Italian - nabesifazane.

Kuyini izilimi?

Izilimi ziyisayensi ebalulekile. Ngaso sonke isikhathi, ososayensi baye bafunda izici zezilimi, uma kuqhathaniswa izingxoxo zabameleli bezizwe ezahlukene. Izilimi ziyingxenye yezilimi ezibhekene nokucwaninga ngezici zolimi olukhulunywe. Ucwaningo lwesayensi phakathi kwezilimi, izinhlangothi zabo ezibuthakathaka nezinamandla, izilimi zabantu abahlukahlukene. Izilimi zicabangela izici zelwimi, isakhiwo samagama. Zonke izazi ziyavuma ukuthi izilimi zinesisekelo esifanayo, ziyinkimbinkimbi efanayo, kuze kube yilapho umuntu eqonda ukuthi yiyiphi isimiso abayifundisayo, yini okufanele ikhokhelwe kakhulu. Ziqukethe isethi yemisindo namagama, ihlela ukuthi ngomyalelo othize, umuntu uthola indlela ekhethekile yokwakha inqwaba yezinkulumo. Umlimi othile ufunda izilimi, ukuthuthukiswa kwazo, izinguquko ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Izingxenye eziyinhloko zezilimi

Isigaba sezilimi, futhi, sihlukaniswe ngezigatshana eziningana: izinkolelo, ezisebenzisekayo nezisebenzayo. Ngamunye wabo uxazulula izinkinga zawo. Izilimi zengqondo zisebenza ngokutadisha imithetho yelimi, ukudala imibono nemithetho. Kuyinto emangalisayo futhi normative. Owokuqala uchaza inkulumo njengoba kunjalo, kanti eyesibili ibonisa ukuthi ukhuluma kanjani. Izazi zezilimi zicwaninga izilimi, zithola ukufana phakathi kwazo, zenze amaqembu ahlobene nazo, zifune izunivesithi zelwimi, njalonjalo.

Izilimi ezisetshenziswayo zikhuluma ngokusungulwa kwemisebenzi yezilimi ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zomsebenzi wesintu. Kungaba ukuthuthukiswa kwamadivaysi akhethekile ekuhunyushweni kwenkulumo, ekusetshenzisweni kokusebenza kwesimiso solimi, ukudala amakhodi ekhowudi, njll. Izilimi ezisebenzayo zisebenza ngolwazi lolimi, ukudluliselwa kolwazi kwabanye. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukutadisha kwenkulumo yabantwabayo nabangaphandle, ukuhumusha, ukwakha amagama ngamazwi, nsuku zonke. Izilimi ezisebenzayo zithola isicelo emaqenjini adala isigatshana esasetshenzisiwe sezilimi.

Ubani olimi?

Izilimi zihlukaniswe zibe izinhlobo eziningana, kodwa zonke zinomgomo owodwa - ukutadisha okuningiliziwe kwezici zokukhuluma. Ulimi oluthile ngumuntu ohlola ukudala, ukuthuthukiswa nokushintsha kolunye ulimi noma iqembu lonke ezingeni lobuchwepheshe. Isazi singasebenzisa ulwazi lwakhe emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yesayensi nemfundo. Emazweni ahlukene kunezikhungo ezikhethekile lapho izilimi zakha izinkomba ezihlukahlukene, izichazamazwi, futhi zihlolisise izilimi zabantu abangaziwa ngaphambili.

Ochwepheshe bangaphinde bahlanganyele ekuhumusheni kwamathekisthi okufundisayo, bafundise izingane kanye nabantu abadala izinto eziyisisekelo zolimi lwesibili nolwasekhaya. Basiza izingane ziqonde futhi zikhumbule imithetho eyisisekelo yokwakha inkulumo, ukubhala amagama.

Yiziphi izilimi ezikhona?

Zonke izilimi zifanele zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko. Okokuqala kufanele kubhekiswe kubalimi abafunda ulimi olulodwa. Ungaba womdabu noma ongaphandle. Ochwepheshe abanjalo abahlakazekile emisebenzini eminingana, kodwa ngokuzenzakalelayo bazinike isikhathi sabo sonke ekutadisheni izici zenkulumo yabantu abathile. Isigaba sesibili sihlanganisa izilimi zanamuhla ezifunda izici zeqembu elithile lezilimi. Phakathi kwabo kukhona abaMongolologists, amanoveli, amaJalimane nabanye ochwepheshe. Iqembu lesithathu lihlanganisa ochwepheshe abafunda izilimi zesifunda. Bangama-Afrikanist, ama-Asiatists, ama-Americanists nabanye. Isiqondiso somsebenzi wezilimi sihluke ngezihloko nezigaba. Isibonelo, ukuhlukanisa ama-morphologists, ama-syntaxist, ama-semantist, ama-phonetists.

Yimiphi imfundo edingekayo?

Abalimi bezobuchwepheshe baqeqeshwe ngezikhwama ezikhethekile zezilimi noma ze-philological. Kodwa, njengoba ochwepheshe ngokwabo bevuma, ezimweni eziningi imfundo enjalo ayanele. I-Linguist - ubuntu obuhlukahlukene, njalo efuna ulwazi olusha. Ukuze ube ochwepheshe beqiniso emkhakheni wakhe, ngaphezu kokuthola idiploma yemfundo ephakeme ye-philological, kufanele uqedele isifundo se-postgraduate, internship noma izifundo zesayensi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, udinga ukugcwalisa njalo ulwazi lwakho ngolwazi olusha, ngoba awukwazi konke, futhi izilimi azimi, kodwa ushintshe.

Izimfanelo eziyinhloko zezilimi

Ukuqina okukhulu, ukubekezela, ukusebenza kahle, ukubekezela, ukukhwabanisa, imfundo, ukulalela, ukuhlonipha, ukuziphatha yizimfanelo eziyinhloko okufanele abe nesazi esihle. Ulimi lochwepheshe kunoma yisiphi isimo kumele ahlale enethemba elikhulu, acabange ngendlela enhle futhi enenzuzo. Uchwepheshe webhizinisi lakhe akuyona nje isilimi, kodwa futhi uhlaziyi. Umlimi kufanele akhumbule ulwazi oluningi, unake imininingwane encane. Ochwepheshe bavame ukwazi ukuthi bekahle kanjani futhi babonise kahle ngemicabango yabo, babonise ukuthambekela kokucwaninga. Incazelo yegama elithi "linguist" ibonisa ukuthi umuntu onjalo kufanele azi kahle ulimi olufundwayo. Ngenxa yalokhu kudingeka abe nokubuza, abe nendlebe enhle nenkumbulo ngamagama nencazelo yombhalo.

Bafunda kuphi?

Muva nje, lo msebenzi awuwuthandwa kakhulu, njengoba abantu abasha bekholelwa ukuthi esikhathini esizayo balinde izinkinga ngomsebenzi. Noma kunjalo, izilimi zaseRussia zingasebenzisa ulwazi lwabo emaceleni emasiko, isayensi, imfundo. Njengoba uthola idiploma enjalo, ungathola umsebenzi njengothisha esikhungweni, ekolishi noma esikoleni. Abanye ochwepheshe bakhetha ukwenza umsebenzi wesayensi. Kulokhu, kuzomele uzibheke emasimweni okucwaninga lapho ungafunda khona izici nezigaba zokuthuthukiswa kolimi. Abacwaningi ngesisekelo sophenyo oluqhutshwayo babhala izihloko zesayensi, imisebenzi, ukwenza izinkomba, bahlanganyele ekubunjweni nasekudalweni kwezincwadi zezifundo ze-kindergartens, izikole kanye nezikhungo eziphakeme zemfundo.

Ukuthuthukiswa nokusabalaliswa kobuchwepheshe bekhompiyutha kwandise kakhulu izinga lomsebenzi wezilimi. Manje izazi ezinjalo zibambe iqhaza ekwakhiweni nasekudalweni kwezinhlelo ezihlukahlukene, zenze kahle inzuzo yokukhuluma. Ulimi oluthile uyinhloko yegama, kuphi enye engasebenza khona, hhayi emkhakheni wezobuchwepheshe belwazi? Ochwepheshe abahle bayalinganiswa ngesisindo segolide ekukhangiseni, abezindaba eziphezulu , ubudlelwane bomphakathi.

Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuba sifinyelele isinyathelo esiphakeme emkhakheni wezemfundo, sibe yinhloko yomnyango noma umphathi wezepolitiki kwenye inyuvesi. Amathemba anjalo awawathandeki, ngoba inkokhelo yesayensi incane. Abantu abanomdlandla nabo bangase bazame isandla sabo ebhizinisini, isibonelo, ngokuba ngumhumushi noma u-referent kwinkampani yamazwe omhlaba. Umsebenzi onjalo ukhokhwa ngaphezu kokufanelekile. Ngokuvamile, ukuthola umsebenzi wezingcweti akuyona inkinga, kubalulekile kuphela ukuba ube yingcweti enhle ngesimo sokuphila esisebenzayo.

Ingabe lo msebenzi udingekile?

Ngokujwayelekile izilimi zithola kalula umsebenzi. Lo msebenzi awukwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi wande kakhulu futhi ubalulekile, kodwa kwezinye izindawo zomsebenzi ochwepheshe abahle bakhokhelwa amaholo ahloniphekile. Umlimi owaziwayo angazibonela njengososayensi, umcwaningi, uthisha, umhumushi, u-referent, isazi sezobuchwepheshe bezokwaziswa, umthuthukisi wesofthiwe yekhompyutha. Kuye ngezifiso zakho namathuba, kufanele ukhethe umsebenzi wakho.