Ulan-Ude labantu. Inombolo, umsebenzi, kuvikeleka kutenhlalo

Inhloko-dolobha ye-Republic of Buryatia kuyinto Ulan-Ude. Inani labantu base-lo muzi ngempela ahlukahlukene abanye abayibheka ngayo, uhlanga, iminyaka yobudala nokunye. D. Lokhu edolobheni ine umlando ezithakazelisayo futhi ocebile, okuyinto ayikwazanga kodwa kuthinta kumiswa isithombe kwezakhamuzi zawo. Ake sithole ukuthi kwakungani uyini labantu Ulan-Ude, kanye umlando lasungulwa.

indawo

Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukufunda labantu emzini Ulan-Ude, udinga ukwazi ukuthi uzodlala kahle kulapho yakithi.

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, Ulan-Ude inhlokodolobha weRiphabhulikhi Buryatia. It ikhona ensimini ka-Eastern eSiberia, engxenyeni esentshonalanga ye-Trans-iBaikal, cishe 100 km kusuka ogwini echibini ejulile iBaikal emhlabeni.

Phakathi komuzi ageleza kwekulu emfuleni Selenga, ukukucaza kube izingxenye ezimbili. Uda - Ngaphezu kwalokho, endaweni ezihlobene-Ulan-Ude, enye iwela umfula.

Inhloko-dolobha ye Buryatia itholakala endaweni nge ngokucijile yezwekazi sezulu uhlobo, esibonakala by nehlobo elifudumele kanti afudumele ebusika kakhulu.

Umuzi ihlanganisa indawo obuyizinkulungwane 347,6 sq. M. km.

indaba

Ukuze ufunde indlela yokumisa labantu emzini Ulan-Ude, udinga ukubheka umlando wayo.

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo endaweni, okuyinto manje iwuMnyuziyamu-Ulan-Ude, izizwe Buryat wahlala. Russian waqala ngenkuthalo ukungena kulezi zindawo kusukela ekhulwini XVII. Ngo 1666 ababekuso indawo Buryatia nedolobha elikhulu lesimanje eyasungulwa edolobhaneni Udi. Igama layo ithole, njengoba lalisenyakatho umlomo esisempumalanga yoMfula Uda. Umsebenzi wayo main kwaba ukuqinisekisa ukuqoqwa inkokhiso evela Buryats yanqotshwa. Ngo 1678 edolobhaneni atholwe izinqaba zayo, futhi sashintshwa saba Udi ejele. Ngo 1689 ejele aphenduka inqaba, okwakubizwa ngokuthi i Verkhneudinsk.

Eminyakeni 30 XVIII leminyaka, kwaba igama ezivamile entsha - Verkhneudinsk. Ngo 1775, i-Fort waba edolobheni, lapho iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili elaba isikhungo wesifunda esifundazweni sase-Irkutsk. Kancane kancane, omuzi aqala jikisa maphakathi Trans-iBaikal esifundeni.

Ngemva Okthoba Revolution uyaphumelela Verkhneudinsk isimo sabo izikhathi eziningana. Ekuqaleni waba sokuqondisa se-sifundazwe iBaikal, ngo-1920, yayiyinhloko-dolobha Ekude Eastern Republic, okuyinto ngokomthetho ibhekwa geqe. Nokho, kule isimo, idolobha wachitha izinyanga eziyisithupha kuphela. Ngo-1923, wathola isimo Buryat-Mongol Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic enhloko-dolobha ye-RSFSR. Ngo-1934 Verkhneudinsk iqanjwe kabusha Ulan-Ude, le Buryat ulimi elisho ukuthi "Red Uda". Okungukuthi igama emfuleni amakhulu eminyaka ekhona igama lalowo muzi, Wanezela leli zwi: "red" ngolimi Buryat omelela umbala umbuso wamaSoviet. Ngakho, igama lalowo muzi ngesikhathi esifanayo isibe ngemibono kanye kazwelonke Buryat umthunzi.

Ezikhathini zaseSoviet, kwandiswa idolobha futhi olwesimanje, ezakhiwe izitshalo kanye nezimboni. Uma ekuqaleni sabantu esikhulu babe izifiki isiRashiya, ezikhathini Soviet, Buryats ngaphezulu kusuka kwamanye ezindaweni Zabaikalye elahlala Ulan-Ude. labantu kulo muzi wakhula zinhlanga ahlukahlukene. Ngo-1957, i-Buryat-Mongol Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic saqanjwa Buryat Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, futhi, ngokufanelekile, Ulan-Ude yaba inhloko-dolobha ukuzimela zishintshe. Ngemva kokuwa kweSoviet Union, ngo-1992,-Ulan-Ude, e-Republic of Buryatia yaba inhloko-dolobha okuyinto WaseRussia. Lokhu isimo edolobheni isekhona kuze kube yilolu suku.

labantu

izinkomba main lokubala ubuningi babantu yanoma yimuphi iyunithi indawo inombolo izakhamuzi. Inani labantu base-Ulan-Ude manje simi ayizinkulungwane 430,55. Izakhamuzi.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindawo we Russian Federation, kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi ngokwesilinganiso. Ulan-Ude kuthatha 42 endaweni th ngenani izakhamuzi yonke imizi Russian.

Dynamics of isibalo abakhileyo

Kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi kwadingeka isibalo esingangaleso kwabakhileyo Ulan-Ude. Inani labantu base-lo muzi ngesikhathi anda, bese sehle. Ake sibheke ngokusebenzisa demographics inhloko-dolobha Buryatia the Dynamics.

Idatha kuqala ku labantu ikusasa Ulan-Ude kukhona 1695. Khona-ke Verkhneudinsk inqaba uhlalwe 1981 izakhamizi. Ngo-1770, kwakunabamemezeli kakade Verkhneudinsk 4700 izakhamizi. Kodwa-ke inani waqala ukuncipha. Ngakho, ngo-1820 kwaba abantu 3,000, futhi eminye iminyaka emihlanu - 2024 izakhamizi. Kodwa-ke inani izakhamuzi zaqala ukukhula. Ngo-1829, sasifana nokuthi abantu 2972., Futhi ngo 1851 bafinyelela inani 3746. Ngo-1856 isibalo abakhileyo yehlile futhi ezingeni 3400, kodwa futhi anda 1860, futhi zaba 4032 umuntu. Ngo-1890, lesi sibalo sakhula kulirekhodi abantu 5223.

Kusukela kulo mzuzwana inani labantu kulo muzi waba ekhula ngokushesha. Ngemva kweminyaka eyisikhombisa, kwaba kakade abakhileyo 8086, futhi ngo-1917 safinyelela ezingeni ayizinkulungwane 21.6. Abantu. Ngo-1931, abantu abayizinkulungwane 44,0 kakade safinyelela inani izakhamuzi zomuzi wakubo ka-Ulan-Ude. Labantu ikhuphukile ikakhulukazi ngokushesha ngokungenaphutha 30s of XX leminyaka. Lokhu kwakubangelwa kokubili ukuthunyelwa ophoqelelwe we becindezela eSiberia, kuhlanganise inhlokodolobha Buryatia, kanye ne kuthuthwa yokuzithandela intsha abathintekayo kulo kwetimboni esifundeni. Ngo-1939 inani labantu Ulan-Ude ifinyelele irekhodi okusezingeni eliphezulu - izinkulungwane zabantu 125,7 .. Lokho kathathu eminyakeni engaphezu kuka ayisishiyagalombili ngaphambili.

Esikhathini esizayo, labantu ukukhula mkhuba baqhubeka. Ngakho, ngo-1956 inani abakhileyo azifinyelelanga ezingeni labantu ayizinkulungwane 158,0 ngo-1970 - .. izinkulungwane zabantu 253,6 ngo-1980 - .. 303,2 abantu. Ukwanda kwenani labantu kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba ngo-1987, lapho isibalo abakhileyo baba izinkulungwane 351,0. izakhamizi. Kodwa ngo-1988, Ulan-Ude laligujwa kuqala phezu 100 kweminyaka eminingi yokwehla kwenani izakhamizi. Khona-ke izakhamuzi eziningi kwehle ezingeni ayizinkulungwane 345,2. Abantu.

Eminyakeni eyalandela, kwakukhona uhlobo "jika": sabantu luyanda ke kwehle. Ngakho, ngo-1989 inani labo zaba izinkulungwane zabantu 352,5, ngo-1992 - .. Abantu abayizinkulungwane 366,0 ngo-1995 - .. 363 ayizinkulungwane. abantu, ngo-1997 -. izinkulungwane zabantu 370,0 ngo-1998 - .. Abantu abayizinkulungwane 366,1 2002 - .. Abantu abayizinkulungwane 374,9 .. Kusukela ngo-2003 futhi liphetha ngamazwi ngonyaka 2009, kukonke, ngokwesilinganiso, kwakubikwa ukwehla lonyaka esikhathini labantu abakhileyo Ulan-Ude. Ngakho, ngalesi sikhathi-ke kwehle ngo ayizinkulungwane 359,3. Abantu. izinkulungwane 340,2. abantu.

Ngo-2010 kwaba khona ukwanda okukhulu kwenani abakhileyo Ulan-Ude. Inombolo aba yizinkulungwane 404,4. Izakhamuzi. Nokho, kwakungelula ngenxa ukwanda yemvelo, kodwa ngenxa ukuqala eziningi nemizana suburban ukuze Ulan-Ude. Noma kunjalo, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi, kusukela ngo-2010, inani izakhamuzi zomuzi wakubo baqala likhula. Ngo 2013 yafinyelela inani ayizinkulungwane 416,1. Pers., Futhi ngo-2016 waphinda ngobugebengu irekhodi. Isibalo eziphilayo ifinyelele ezingeni ayizinkulungwane 430,6. Abantu.

Namuhla, lo mkhuba zokwenyuka kwenani labantu e-Ulan-Ude ukulondolozwa.

inhlanganiso sabantu

Ukwazi inani eliphelele abahlali, futhi endaweni zensimu elalihlala kuzo akunzima ukubala, futhi ukwanda kwabantu. Ngo-Ulan Ude kuba 1238,6 keli. / 1 sq. km.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izikhungo eziseduze zesifunda Eastern eSiberia, ukuminyana saseChita kuyinto 643,3 abantu. / 1 sq. km, kanye lase-Irkutsk 623,4 keli. / 1 sq. km. Ngakho, siyabona ukuthi e-Ulan-Ude, kuqhathaniswa okusezingeni eliphezulu kwabantu eziphilayo.

ukwakheka yobuhlanga

Manje ake sibone ukuthi abantu bazo zonke izizwe abahlala e-Ulan-Ude. Umuzi ubuswa zizwe ezimbili - Russian futhi Buryat. Russian-Ulan-Ude, iningi - 62,1%. inhlokodolobha Buryatia Republic futhi impela eningi - 31,9%.

Zonke lonke isizwe inani ezakha% 6 kuphela abantu sebebonke. Phakathi kwabo kukhona abantu bezizwe ezihlukahlukene ezifana Ukraine, AmaTatar, baseKorea kanye Chinese.

inkolo

Edolobheni Ulan-Ude impela eningi izinkolo izinkolo. Noma kunjalo, iningi lama-izakhamizi lingamaKristu Orthodox.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, e-Ulan-Ude kukhona abamele amaqembu enkolo ezifana, ubuBuddha, ubuKatolika, izinkolo abahlukahlukene bamaProthestani, oFakazi BakaJehova, kanye nabantu abathi inkolo Buryats yokhokho - nemimoya.

umnotho lo muzi

Employment Ulan-Ude labantu ahlinzeke kokubili amabhizinisi ezinkulu kanye osomabhizinisi ngamanye. Izinhlangano eziningi ezinkulu emoyeni futhi esitimela izimboni, Buryatzoloto izinkampani ' "futhi" Buryatnefteproduct ", eziningi amandla izinhlelo (CHP-1" Buryatenergosbyt "" backbone amandla inethiwekhi "et al.).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-ukuthuthukiswa yokukhanya nezimboni zokudla, esebenza eziningi amabhizinisi ezinkulu commercial. Nakuba Yiqiniso, ifayela eliwumthombo uhlala yagxila ukukhiqizwa e-Ulan-Ude.

Employment Centre

Kulabo namanje sebedlule Ngenxa yokuphelelwa umsebenzi, inikeza amasevisi zayo ukuze Employment Centre. Ulan-Ude - ngempela idolobha elikhulu lezimboni, ngakho kukhona izikhala ahlukahlukene umsebenzi exchange njalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Isikhungo, uma kunesidingo, ungakwazi ukwandisa izinga lakho ziqu noma uthole umsebenzi omusha.

Hlobo luni lomsebenzi ithuba lomsebenzi maphakathi-Ulan-Ude labantu? Imisebenzi lapha zahlukahlukene kakhulu. Abasebenzi zihlale ukufunwa umsebenzi ongaphakeme baqeqeshelwe amakhono kabusha. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo funa ubunjiniyela kanye nezinye amakhono obuchwepheshe. Kodwa kule abameli kanye zezomnotho abaqashi kudingeka iphansana.

Abantu abaye umsebenzi elahlekile okwesikhashana futhi zibhaliswe Employment Centre, asethwe nguhulumende ngoba namarhubhelo wokungasebenzi.

ukuvikelwa komphakathi

Kodwa ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi akulona iziqinisekiso kuphela social isimo. zokuvikeleka komphakathi labantu Ulan-Ude - umbuzo enquma kakhulukazi eMnyangweni wezabaSebenzi Ukuvikeleka.

Kuyinto lokhu umzimba obangela accrual kwemihlomulo kulabo abangamalungu akhokhela abesifazane ekhubazekile, abesifazane, izigaba abampofu nezinye emphakathini sengozini sabantu, ukunakekelwa okuyinto bathunyelwe ke nguhulumende.

izici Jikelele labantu Ulan-Ude

Njengoba ubona, Ulan-Ude - edolobheni esandayo. Okwamanje, it is waphawula Dynamics omuhle zokwenyuka kwenani labantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inhloko-dolobha Buryatia, ithuthukiswe umkhakha nakweminye imikhakha zokuphatha, okuvumela esiphezulu ukunikeza labantu imisebenzi idolobha.

Iningi kwabakhileyo Ulan-Ude kuyinto Russian futhi Buryat, ukuphakama kwamanani ka wangaphambili.

Ngokuvamile, emzini Ulan-Ude, ufana nabantu bayo, usibheka ngempela okuhle ngendlela engakholeki. Lokhu kuvumela uhlelo labantu enhlokodolobha Buryatia ukuba sibheke ikusasa. Kodwa-ke, ukuqhubeka edolobheni ngezinga elikhulu incike ukuthuthukiswa WaseRussia iyonke.