Zulu SSR: umlando, imfundo, isibonakaliso, ifulege, isithombe, ensimini, inhloko-dolobha, amayunithi lempi. Frunze, Zulu SSR

Zulu SSR - omunye republic nanhlanu elaliyiSoviet. Kuyinto kwandulela Kyrgyzstan yesimanje. Njengazo zonke kuleli zwe, lokhu inhlangano isimo kwadingeka izici zayo siqu elihlobene ne umlando, amasiko, indawo, izimo zezomnotho nokuzilibazisa kwenza uhlanga sabantu. Ake sithole ukuthi kwakungani ngokuningiliziwe kuyini Kirghiz SSR, izici ezinhle nangomlando.

isikhundla ezindawo

Okokuqala, ake sibone ukuthi ikuphi lendawo yezwe. Zulu SSR kwaba eningizimu ye-USSR, empumalanga ingxenye Asia Ephakathi kwayo. Enyakatho it is izungezwe i-Kazakh SSR, entshonalanga - ne Uzbek SSR, eningizimu-entshonalanga naseningizimu - ne Tajik SSR, empumalanga ke elisemngceleni ne China. Le ndawo Imininingwane ye-republic cishe 200,000 square metres. km.

Lokhu imfundo yomphakathi akazange ukufinyelela kolwandle, futhi iningi sezwe wezwe kuyinto ezintabeni. Ngisho izigodi intermountain, ezifana Issyk-Kul, Fergana futhi imigodi Jumgal, kanye Talas Valley, etholakala endaweni engamamitha okungenani 500 m ngaphezu ezingeni ulwandle. The main Ukhahlamba yezwe - the Tien Shani. Intaba ephakeme kunazo zonke - Peak moi. Eningizimu Kyrgyzstan - the Pamir uhlelo entabeni. Emngceleni nge Tajikistan kuyinto Lenin ezimatasa.

Kwesigubhu elikhulu Kyrgyzstan - Issyk-Kul Lake, etholakala enyakatho-mpumalanga.

prehistory

Endulo ensimini ka Kyrgyzstan abaye baphila izizwe ezihlukahlukene Indo-European ayimizulane, okuyinto ekuqaleni kweNkathi Ephakathi kwathathelwa indawo abantu Turkic. Phakathi neNkathi Ephakathi lapha kusukela iningizimu yeSiberia kwavela amanye amaqembu Yenisei Kyrgyz, ngubani exovwe bendawo, kwakhiwa uhlamvu yesimanje yobuhlanga yezwe futhi awunika igama lokuthi bonke abantu. Ikakhulukazi okukhulu kulokhu kuthuthwa okwenzeka, kusukela ekhulwini XIV.

Kyrgyz kwadingeka alwe ekubusweni lithi enamandla Uzbek, ngokukhethekile nge Kokand Khanate. ababusi baso yanqoba insimu enkulu Kyrgyzstan futhi ngo-1825 wasungula inqaba yakhe - Pishpek (namuhla Bishkek). Ngokuhamba sale mpi eyathatha isikhathi, ekhulwini XIX, nezizwe ezithile zama-balwamukela usizo Russian nokuvikelwa, bese izakhamuzi. Ngakho, yaba abasekeli esemqoka ye Kyrgyz ukunwetshwa Russian e Central Asia phakathi kwabantu bendawo.

Esikhathini 50-60-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu XIX, enyakatho ngekusasa lophiko Kirghiz SSR incotjwa Empire Russian ku Kokand Khanate. Eyokuqala Russian Fort enezivikelo eziqinile waba Przhevalsk (Karakol yesimanje). On amazwe enyakatho Kyrgyzstan nasempumalanga Kazakhstan endaweni Russian Empire Semirechenskaya nge sokuqondisa emzini Verny (Almaty yesimanje) ke kwamiswa 1867. Le ndawo wawuhlukaniswe waba ezifundeni eziyisihlanu, ezimbili zazo - Pishpek (Ch idolobha Pishpek.) Futhi Przewalski (Isahluko Karakol edolobheni.) - babe Kyrgyz. Ekuqaleni, Imifula Seven ukuthi subordinated asemaqeleni Jikelele Uhulumeni, kodwa 1898 idluliselwe sifundazwe Turkestan (Turkestan).

Ngo-1876, i-Russia uye wanqoba ngokuphelele Kokand Khanate futhi afakwe yonke insimu yalo, kuhlanganise eningizimu Kyrgyzstan e ubulungu bayo. On la mazwe kwamiswa Ferghana esifundeni nge sokuqondisa e Kokand. Yena endaweni Semirechenskaya wawuyingxenye Turkestan. Umkhaya Ohlukene Fergana esifundeni 5 izifunda, enye yazo - Osh (sokuqondisa - emzini Osh), kwaba phezu kwezwe Kyrgyz.

Kumiswa Kirghiz SSR

Empeleni, umsuka inqubo eside ukwakheka Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic kungase kubhekwe njengokwelapha izenzakalo-mbuso ka-1917. Njengoba inguquko, ukuba okwamanje lapho kumiswa Kirghiz SSR, kwathatha cishe iminyaka engu-20.

Ngo-April 1918, ensimini ka Turkestan, kuhlanganise zonke kwamazwe anamuhla-Asia Ephakathi futhi eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Kazakhstan, amaBolshevik esedale ibhizinisi elikhulu ezizimele - the Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, noma Turkestan Soviet Republic, okuyinto wawuyingxenye RSFSR. umhlaba Kyrgyz, njengengxenye Semirechensk kanye Fergana esifundeni, kufakwe kule mfundo.

Ngo-1924, uhlelo wokuvelela waqalwa ukurhunyezwa kazwelonke ye-Asia Ephakathi, lapho Authority lithole zonke izizwe ezinkulu ayehlala Turkestan, kuhlanganise Kyrgyz. Semirechensk zezitho kanye Fergana esifundeni, kanye endaweni encane Syrdarya esifundeni (enyakatho Kyrgyzstan samanje), lapho ngobuningi sabantu abangu Kyrgyz, wadalwa Kara-Kyrgyz inkampani okuhlangene isitokwe nesikhungo salo sokuphatha edolobheni Pishpek. Leli gama ngenxa yokuthi ngesikhathi Kyrgyz ASSR wabizwa ngokuthi Kazakhstan yesimanje, njengoba Kazakh isiko izikhathi imperial ngephutha ngokuthi kaysakov-Kirghiz. Nokho, ngo-May 1925 insimu ka Kyrgyzstan waziwa ngokuthi Kyrgyz JSC kusukela Kazakhstan yazuza igama Kazakh ASSR, futhi ukudideka ziye ihlangabezane. Ukuzimela ngqo ingxenye RSFSR, wayengenamahloni republic olulodwa Soviet.

Ngo-February 1926 kwaba khona omunye izinguquko zokuphatha - Kyrgyz JSC waba Kirgiz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic ngaphakathi RSFSR ohlinzekela amalungelo ukunikeza ngaphezulu okuzimela. Ngawo lowo nyaka, i-sokuqondisa se-Kirghiz SSR Pishpek zase zishintshile igama layo emzini Frunze, ngemva umlawuli abadumile elibomvu ngesikhathi kulwiwa.

Ngemva kweminyaka engu-10, ngo-1936, i-Kyrgyz ASSR ibekelwe kusukela RSFSR, kanye namanye ama-republic -Asia Ephakathi, futhi waba isihloko agcwele lonke elaseSoviet Union. Sekube nezigameko eziningi degree of the Zulu SSR.

kufanekisa Republican

Njengoba republic ngamunye Soviet, e-Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic ke kwadingeka izimpawu zayo, eyayihlanganisa ifulege, isibonakaliso neculo lesizwe.

Maka we Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic wayedabuka umaka obomvu ngokuphelele, lapho ophuzi block izinhlamvu kwakulotshwe igama Republic Kyrgyz futhi Russian. Ngo-1952, ukubukeka ifulegi lashintsha kakhulu. Manje phakathi ngendwangu ebomvu labetibambile ububanzi blue band, okuyinto yena, zibe izingxenye ezimbili alinganayo wabelane emhlophe. Ekhoneni elingenhla esinxeleni isando isikela futhi inkanyezi ezinhlanu enamaphoyinti bavezwa. Wonke amalebula asusiwe. Ngakho ifulegi Kirghiz SSR lisekhona wokugoqa yezwe Soviet.

Ihubo weRiphabhulikhi kwakuwukuphela kwengoma amazwi Sydykbekova, Tokombaeva, Malikova, Tokobaev futhi Abayldaeva. Umculo ezibhaliwe Maodybaev, vlasov futhi Fere.

Liwuphawu Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic kwavunyelwana ngo-1937 futhi kwaba umfanekiso esiyinhlanganisela indilinga umhlobiso. I elingenamikhono izingalo kubonisa ezintabeni, ilanga, izindlebe kakolweni ukotini amagatsha, iribhoni ezisontekile abomvu. Elingenamikhono izingalo lwaluba inkanyezi ezinhlanu olucijile. Ngalo waphonswa phezu tape okudweba nombhalo othi "Basebenzi wonke amazwe, hlanganani!" Ngo-Kyrgyz nezilimi Russian. Ezansi elingenamikhono izingalo okucashunwe enegama weRiphabhulikhi ngolimi kazwelonke.

division zokuphatha

Ngaphambi 1938, Kyrgyzstan lahlukaniswa laba 47 izifunda. amayunithi Okukhulu zokuphatha ngaleso sikhathi wayengekho ngezithako zawo. Ngo-1938, izingxenye Kirghiz SSR united izifunda ezine: Issyk-Kul, Tian Shan, Jalal-Abad futhi Osh. Kodwa kwezinye izindawo awazange abangaphansi wesifunda, futhi republic.

Ngo-1939, zonke izifunda Uthole isimo ezindaweni, futhi lezo zindawo ukuthi azibanga e kwakuwukuthi wesifunda, munye Frunze esifundeni nesikhungo salo emzini Frunze. Zulu SSR kwakufanele manje akhathazeke ezindaweni ezinhlanu.

Ngo-1944 labelwa Talas esifundeni, kodwa ngo-1956 kwathiwa siphela. Okunye izindawo Kyrgyz SSR, ngaphandle Osh, abangu ezaqedwa kusuka 1959 kuya 1962. Ngakho, i-republic kwakuba esifundeni olulodwa, futhi ezindaweni ezingafakwanga kuwo, babe ngqo ilawulwe Republic.

Eminyakeni eyalandela, indawo kubuyiselwa, esanda uyekwa. Ngesikhathi le kokuwa kweSoviet Union, Kyrgyzstan lalinabafundi eziyisithupha izifunda: Chui (phambilini obuwaziwa ngo Frunze), Osh, Naryn (wangaphambili Tien Shan), Talas, Issyk-Kul futhi Jalal-Abad.

ukuphathwa

Abaphathi langempela Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic kuze October 1990 kwaba ezandleni iCommunist Party of Kyrgyzstan, okuyinto yena, ongaphansi LamaKhomanisi. Umzimba obuphakeme nenhlangano yayiwukuthi iKomiti Central. Singasho ukuthi uNobhala Okokuqala leKomiti Central wayengumholi de empeleni waba of Kyrgyzstan, nakuba ngokusemthethweni kwakungenjalo.

UMahluleli ophakeme isikhungo zomthetho we Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic ngaleso sikhathi kwakuwukuthola umzimba ePhalamende - Supreme Council, eyayihlanganisa egumbini elilodwa. Uzokubhubhisa izinsuku ezimbalwa ngonyaka, njengoba umzimba okusamile komuntu Ephakeme KaHulumeni kwaba.

Ngo-1990, isikhundla sikaMongameli yethulwa KirSSR, ogama ukhetho okwenzeka ngevoti oqondile. UMongameli kusukela ngaleso sikhathi waba ikhanda olusemthethweni futhi de empeleni waba of Kyrgyzstan.

inhlokodolobha

Frunze City - inhloko-dolobha Kirghiz SSR. Ngakho kwaba kulo khona Republic Soviet.

Frunze, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, yasungulwa ngo-1825 njengebutho eliqaphile we Khanate ka Kokand, futhi kwadingeka igama original Pishpek. Ngo ekulweni Khanate enqabeni labhujiswa amabutho isiRashiya, kodwa ngemva kwesikhathi satholana kwabonakala settlement entsha. Kusukela 1878, umuzi sokuqondisa Pishpek County.

Kusukela ngo-1924, lapho kwakukhona ukurhunyezwa kazwelonke wezizwe elise-Asia Ephakathi, Pishpek yanjalo kwaba umuzi omkhulu Kara-Kyrgyz Autonomous JSC Kyrgyz futhi Kyrgyz ASSR.

Ngo-1926, idolobha anikwa igama elisha - Frunze. Zulu SSR kulo ukhona kusukela 1936 kuya ku-1991 kwaba-dolobha kwaba ngaphansi kwaleli gama. Pishpek iqanjwe kabusha yokudumisa umkhuzi abadumile Mikhail Frunze iRed Army, okuyinto, nakuba kwaba ubuzwe iMoldavian kodwa wazalelwa kulo muzi-Asia Ephakathi.

Njengoba ngishilo ngenhla, kusukela 1936 Frunze - inhloko-dolobha Kirghiz SSR. Phakathi nenkathi kwezimboni eSoviet Union lapho zakhelwe izimboni ezinkulu namabhizinisi. Lo muzi ubizwa njalo ngcono. Okuningi futhi sihle baba Frunze. Zulu SSR kungaba uyaziqhenya capital ezinjalo. Ngu labantu Ngasekuqaleni 90 sika Frunze esondela ayizinkulungwane 620. Man.

Ngo-February 1991, the Supreme Soviet of the Zulu SSR wanquma ukuqamba kabusha emzini Bishkek, okuyinto kwakuhambelana nokuka ifomu kazwelonke yegama yayo yomlando.

Kyrgyzstan idolobha

Imizi enkulu Kyrgyz SSR, ngemva Frunze - Osh, Jalal-Abad, Karakol (Karakol yesimanje). Kodwa i amazinga zonke-union, inani abakhileyo kulezi nemizana kwakungekukhulu kangaka. Isibalo esiphezulu sezakhamizi elikhulu le mizi - Osh, akazange afinyelela ayizinkulungwane 220, kanti ababili babe ngaphansi kuka-100 eziyinkulungwane.

Ngokuvamile, i-Kirghiz SSR uye wahlala omunye republic okungenani abantu abahlala emadolobheni zase-USSR, ngakho kule ndawo yasemaphandleni wanqoba lapha phezu izakhamuzi eziningi ezisemadolobheni. Lesi simo iqhubeka namuhla.

Umnotho we Kirghiz SSR

Ngakho, inani lemikhaya ukusatshalaliswa labantu, umnotho Kyrgyz SSR egqoka uhlamvu Agro-ezimbonini.

Isisekelo ezolimo nemfuyo. Ikakhulu, i-amaningi asethuthukile yayiyizimvu. Ezingeni eliphezulu kwaba ukuthuthukiswa zokuzalanisa amahhashi nezinkomo zizalela.

Ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo futhi usesikhundleni okuholela emnothweni kazwelonke. abatshali Ugwayi, okusanhlamvu, ifolishi, kubalulekile-uwoyela izitshalo, amazambane kanye ukotini ikakhulukazi abadumile Kirghiz SSR. Photo sokuvuna ukotini kwelinye amapulazi weRiphabhulikhi iseningizimu ngezansi.

Industrial izinkomba banikezwe ikakhulu yezimayini (amalahle, uwoyela, igesi), uhla lwamanani, ukukhanya textile izimboni.

amayunithi lempi

Ezikhathini zaseSoviet, amayunithi wezempi e-Kirghiz SSR wawusegunjini anezikhala sasivumela obukhulu. Lokhu kwakubangelwa ezifundazweni ezigqagqene populated, kanye ebaluleke indawo geopolitical yezwe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, Kyrgyzstan yayiseduze Afghanistan nakwamanye amazwe eMpumalanga Ephakathi, lapho iSoviet Union kwadingeka izinzuzo zalo siqu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuleli zwe inomngcele yi-China, nabo eSoviet Union ngaleso sikhathi babeqinile ubudlelwane kuhle esishubile, futhi ngezinye izikhathi baze ngisho baquleka ku ngxabano ahlomile, nakuba engazange yenzeke ukuvula impi. Ngakho-ke, ngasemngceleni China njalo olindele anda nokuba khona amasosha aseSoviet.

Kuyaphawuleka, kodwa boxer owaziwa Ukrainian Vitali Klitschko sezombusazwe azalelwe endaweni Kyrgyz SSR e Belovodskoe emzaneni lapho uyise, owayeyisosha professional wawuba khona inkonzo.

Uma lokumba indaba nakakhulu, singabona ukuthi ngesikhathi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe ngo-1941 kwi insimu zezigaba Kyrgyz SSR ezintathu abakhwele amahhashi kwamiswa.

Ukuqedwa kwe-Kyrgyz SSR

Ngasekupheleni kwawo-80-yalolucwaningo eU.SSR sekuyisikhathi sokushintsha, okwakuthatha igama yokwakha kabusha. Abantu eSoviet Union sihlangabezane ubuhlungu abalulekile ngokuya kwezombangazwe, okwakusho yena, hhayi kuphela alethwe umbuso wentsandvo yelinyenti umphakathi, kodwa futhi wasungula ukuthambekela centrifugal. Ungahlali eceleni futhi Kyrgyzstan.

UMongameli - Ngo-October 1990, i-post omusha olusemthethweni yethulwa kuleli zwe. Futhi inhloko yabangamashumi Kyrgyz Soviet Socialist Republic okhethwe ivoti oqondile. Ukhetho ukunqoba iwine hhayi uNobhala Okokuqala iCommunist Party of Kyrgyzstan Absamat Masaliev, kuhlanganise nommeleli ukunyakaza Reform, Askar Akayev. Lesi kwakuyisikhathi sokuba inkomba yokuthi abantu bafuna ushintsho. Hhayi indima okungenani kule kukhala by the okuthiwa "Osh ukubhuqwa" - ukushayisana olunegazi ezenzeka Ehlobo lango-1990 emzini Osh phakathi Kyrgyz futhi Uzbeks. Lena ngokwezinga elikhulu kubukela phansi isikhundla elite wamaKhomanisi.

Disemba 15, 1990 bamukela Simemetelo sovereignty isimo Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic, lapho wamemezela ubukhulu imithetho kazwelonke phezu kwakho konke-sobunye.

Februwari 5, 1991 Supreme Council of Kyrgyzstan lathatha isinqumo ukuqamba kabusha Kyrgyz SSR e-Republic of Kyrgyzstan. Ngemva izenzakalo Icebo lika August Askar Akayev walahla esidlangalaleni amalungu Uzame Icebo lika leKomiti eziphuthumayo, futhi ngomhla ka-31 Agasti Kyrgyzstan yamemezela sokuhoxisa base-USSR.

Yaphela kanjalo-ke indaba Kirghiz SSR, kwathoma umlando waleli zwe elisha - Republic of Kyrgyzstan.