Lapho futhi kungani umbuso wokuqala? Lapho isimo kuqala? Yisiphi isimo wafika kuqala?

Lithi siqala ezifundazweni eziseningizimu ye-iplanethi yethu, lapho salokhu kwakufanele izimo zemvelo nokuma kwezwe elihle kunawo. Bazalwa mayelana nenkathi eyiminyaka engu acishe abe yizinkulungwane ezinhlanu ezedlule.

Siyini isizathu ukubukeka uhlobo olusha nobudlelwane bokuhlalisana

Lapho futhi kungani ayebhekwa umbuso wokuqala, ie imvelaphi yabo, - omunye nezindaba impikiswano kunawo isayensi. Ngokusho inguqulo sefilosofi esidumile German Marx no Fridriha Engelsa, kuphakama isimo e inqubo nokuqinisa ekungalinganini emphakathini, okwandisa indima yobunikazi kanye ukuvela isigaba abantu abacebile. Nazo ngokufanayo, idinga idivayisi ekhethekile ukuvikela izithakazelo zayo futhi alondoloze ithonya esizwe nabo. Ngokungangabazeki, lesi simanga iphutha, kodwa hhayi kuphela, kwaba nomthelela ukuvela isimo. Kukhona umbono uhlobo olusha inhlangano yezenhlalakahle kwaba umphumela isidingo ukulawula kanye izimali, uhlobo umphathi ophakeme izindawo commercial, ngombono ekuthuthukeni kwabo ngempumelelo, le ndlela yenhlangano isimo kusebenza kakhulu Ancient Egypt, lapho isimiso sokunisela ngenkasa kuyinto esemqoka kwezomnotho, into ibhizinisi.

Lezi zindlela nokuhlanzeka kwangaphandle nokuziphatha kwabo

Kunini futhi kungani kokuba umbuso wokuqala? Lokhu kuyinqubo engokwemvelo lokho kwenzeka yonke indawo, kodwa ngezikhathi ezahlukene. Ezikhathini zasendulo, isisekelo ukuphila kwabo bonke abantu kwaba ezolimo kanye isilwane ukunakekela. Lokho-ke uye wazakhela ngempumelelo, sasidinga izimo zezulu ezifanele. Ngakho-ke, abantu basendulo ixazululwe ikakhulukazi ngasogwini lomfula nemifula emikhulu, esangenza ukuhlangabezana ngokugcwele nezidingo zabantu lensiza ebalulekile. Okubaluleke kakhulu kwaba indawo umthombo wamanzi; kuyisifo eningizimu kuka sezulu ukufudumala nemibandela ke ngconywana ukulima. Ungakwazi uvune ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa kangakanani emhlabeni, futhi izikhathi eziningana ngonyaka. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukubeka abantu abahlala kulezi zindawo, inzuzo undoubted ekuthuthukiseni izindlela ka yini nokusekela ukuphila kwakhe futhi athole umkhiqizo ezengeziwe.

Izindawo endala state-isakhiwo

EMesophothamiya, noma eMesophothamiya - isifunda evumayo kakhulu wezolimo elithambile, isimo sezulu esifudumele, kakhulu endaweni indawo kanye khona West Asian kwemifula emibili emikhulu - the iTigrisi ne-Ewufrathe - unikezwa inani lamanzi sokuthuthukisa izinhlelo ngenkasa kanye eniselwayo kokusetshenziswa komhlaba inqubo. Abantu abahlala kula mazwe, abanye lencike kancane vagaries of sezulu, ngakho babekwazi kwesivuno ozinzile futhi ecebile. Cishe isimo esifanayo yayikhona esigodini emifuleni Afrika ngobukhulu - iNayile. Kodwa ukwakha uchelela, ngenkasa izinhlelo, kudingeka ukumisa umsebenzi wabantu abaningi, ngaphandle kwalokho ukudala i ezolimo waphumelela akunakwenzeka. Ngakho, owasungula prototypes lokuqala nezinkampani zikahulumeni, kanti-ke yilaphoke umbuso wokuqala, kodwa, eqinisweni, babengakakhuli imfundo yomphakathi ngokuphelele. Lawa kwakungamadodana ngemibungu yawo, okuvela kulo kamuva kwakhiwa emazweni amadala kakhulu emhlabeni.

Vicissitudes izingxenye zomphakathi, ezomnotho nezombusazwe emazweni lasendulo

Kwemibono lezi izindawo edolobheni-state, ukulawula indawo kahle ichazwe. Ubudlelwano phakathi omakhelwane zazihlale esishubile futhi ngokuvamile zaholela ezingxabanweni. Izinyunyana abaningi abazimele ingathiyeki ekuthuthukisweni komnotho esifundeni nonamandla ababusi uyazi, ngakho basuke bezama kancane kancane linqotshiwe ensimini enkulu, okuyinto ukusungula oda iyunifomu. Kungenxa isikimu ezinjalo, kukhona umbuso ezimbili eqinile futhi ezinkulu eSigodini saseNayile - North noma Upper, Egypt neNingizimu, noma Lower Egypt. Ababusi kokubili imibuso kwadingeka uhulumeni uqine ngokwanele kanye nebutho lempi. Nokho, inhlanhla wayeyinkosi elibangise eNhla neGibhithe, ulwa abanolaka wayinqoba ehlula imbangi wayo oseningizimu, futhi cishe ngonyaka ka-3118 wathola nizhneegipetskoe umbuso, futhi Mina nguFaro lokuqala yaseGibhithe kanye umsunguli we isimo enobunye, kodwa uma futhi kungani kwakukhona isimo kuqala.

Egypt - umbuso wokuqala

Manje ezandleni umbusi olulodwa zonke izinsiza elikhiqizayo saseNayile abangu bagxila, kukhona zonke izimo sokuthuthukiswa elinobunye isimo uhlelo wezolimo ekuniseleni, futhi manje labo ukuyilawula, kwadingeka izinto ezibonakalayo eside. Ukuhlukana buthakathaka lizwe bafaka, isimo oqinile obumbene, futhi ukuqhubeka Egypt kubonisa kahle zonke izinto ezinhle le nqubo. Kwaphela iminyaka eminingi kuleli zwe aye wabusa ngaso sonke Middle East esifundeni. Okunye esifundeni emhlabeni-friendly, eMesophothamiya, ayikwazanga unqobe ibutho centrifugal, idolobha-isimo yayikhona lapha ayikwazanga hlanganani sekubusa inkosi eyodwa. Ngakho-ke, lo izingxabano njalo baye destabilized isimo kwezombusazwe nakwezomnotho, esangenza Egypt ukuze uthole ngaphambi, futhi ngokushesha uthi nesi ukuwela ihogela ithonya isimo waseGibhithe, bese omunye uthi ezinamandla kule ndawo. Futhi ukusho ukuthi isimo afika kuqala, ngobuciko iBhayibheli ngohlelo lokulandelana kwezenzakalo akunakwenzeka, Ngakho-ke, isimo lokuqala iplanethi ubhekwa Egypt.

Theory ka nesisekelo izinhlangano zezombusazwe

Iningi theory umgomo umbuzo lapho futhi kungani kwakukhona isimo kuqala nguye owawuthi kwamangqamuzana yezenhlalakahle sesakhiwe kakade, kwakukhona isakhiwo sasivumela esitebeleni yomphakathi futhi isimo, kwakheka ngenxa yalezi zinhlelo kanye izenzakalo okuyinto - umthetho eklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza ezidingekayo lonke uhlelo kwezenhlalo. Kulapho futhi kungani kwakukhona isimo kuqala. Le ndlela isebenza kubo bonke ubuhlobo wamandla emlandweni wesintu. Kodwa izimbangela isimo okuningi, kungaba endaweni enobutha, okuyinto enomthelela ukuhlanganiswa umphakathi, nokuqinisa umsebenzi ngamunye, waba umbusi izenzo. Futhi ukudlala ababalulekile kwemali kwabanye emazweni athuthukile ngaphezulu. ingxenye sezenkolo yokungakholelwa nakho kunomthelela lokhu, lwanele ukhumbule Muhammad - umsunguli inkolo entsha yamaSulumane, nokuthi ukubaluleka ke ukudlalwa ukusungulwa Arab sompristi. Ngakho-ke, isimo sokuqala ngenxa iqoqo izimo, kodwa umbandela main kwaba nokho izinga ukuthuthukiswa komnotho.

Efingqa

Lithi kuqala, ngokuyisisekelo, ngokusekelwe amandla, amandla njalo kusho ukuzithoba. Futhi ngokuya izwe lasendulo kwaba indlela kuphela ukuze ulondoloze izindawo ezinkulu zivame uhlalwe ezihlukahlukene kakhulu nezingahlobene. Ngakho-ke, uthi abaningi kuye kwavela njengendlela uhlobo inhlangano ukuthuthukiswa ezinezithelo, kodwa akazange aphikisane ezindabeni zendawo, ezidinga ukwenza imisebenzi ethile, njalo ukulalela lokwenelisa kuphela. Uvame egqoka uhlamvu esisemthethweni, ngenxa yalokhu, umbuso wokuqala kwakufanele sibi kakhulu.