Ophihliza iqhwa "Kapitan Sorokin." icebreakers yesimanje

Ososayensi balinganisela ukuthi cishe okwesihlanu bonke ubuso iplanethi yethu embozwe iqhwa. Nesibalo sakhe singamakhulu cishe 35 izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-umthamo wamanzi wonke emachibini noma emifuleni. Ukuze ukuhamba phezu enkulu izikhala eqandisiwe ezidingekayo izitsha ekhethekile - icebreakers. Ziyakwazi isakhi enamandla ngoxhaxha Russian. Umlando kwaletinkhantolo has eziningi zeminyaka. Umkhumbi yenuzi ayisekho kunoma yiliphi izwe emhlabeni! ophihliza iqhwa wokuqala emhlabeni ngamandla enuzi wethulwa cishe ayisithupha edlule eSoviet Union. Namuhla, behlome imikhumbi isiRashiya imikhumbi 7 athomu.

icebreakers ezifana "kusho uCaptain Sorokin" zinamandla futhi ezikwazi. Imiphi imisebenzi yenziwe ngomkhumbi onjalo, yini ngomlando wabo, tesakhiwo namathemba kulindeleke sokuthuthukiswa kwe-Arctic Fleet? Sifunda emaphutheni sihloko.

Umlando icebreakers eRussia

Icala lokuqala ukuhamba eqhweni ezakhiwa iminyaka ecishe ibe ikhulu edlule i-Nyakatfo Melika. Bakhandwa steamed futhi kwadingeka amaphutha amaningi ezinciphisa amandla. Ekhulwini lokugcina kakhulu ngcono.

izitsha Steam amandla okusezingeni eliphezulu - omunye kuqala kwakungumprofethi ophihliza iqhwa namaSoviet "Sibir" - kungaba phakathi olwandle amasonto amathathu, futhi entsha ingenakukwazi kagesi - isikhathi eside ngokuphindwe kabili, kuze izinsuku ezingamashumi amane.

Banikezwe ukubaluleka eU.SSR navigation by umzila enyakatho, kwakudingekile ukuhlomisa imikhumbi nge ubuchwepheshe bamuva. Futhi ngo-1959 amanzi wethulwa ophihliza iqhwa lokuqala yenuzi-powered emhlabeni, okwakubizwa ngokuthi i "Lenin". Ukubonakala kwaso lula kakhulu ukuze uzule Northern umzila.

Namuhla, imikhumbi Russian kuhlanganisa icebreakers izinhlobo ezimbili: udizili izitsha kagesi ngwenya yenuzi

Lapho esetshenziswa icebreakers? umkhumbi wokwakha

Icebreakers baye babamba iqhaza elikhulu siyinhloko cwaningo we uMzila Wasolwandle OseNyakatho. Zisetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba mahhala lezi zitsha ngabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, asetshenziselwa ukugcinwa kanye esiphuthumayo mikhankaso ucwaningo, kanye ukulethwa impahla emikhunjini ehlukahlukene nasezindaweni ezikude Arctic nase-Antarctic.

Ukuze ngempumelelo uzifeze lezi imisebenzi enzima, udinga umkhumbi ekhethekile. Ophihliza iqhwa inedizayini ehlukile sikwazi badedele, lapho lokhu kungenakukwenzeka ngokuba nezinye izitsha. Ikakhulukazi lokhu kusebenza futhi ekhethekile ukuma kwekhala kanye umzimba emgqonyeni emise. Nale umkhumbi angaya phezu eqhweni ukuze ifohle isisindo sakho.

Ukuma okungavamile lwengxenye engemuva yomkhumbi (M-okwenyanga) ikuvumela ukuba zathi nezinye izitsha. Ezisetshenzisiwe ingenakukwazi kagesi noma esikhungweni samandla enuzi kwenza umkhumbi onamandla futhi ezikwazi. kubuye ngoba ukuzimela esikhulu bomkhumbi, ngemva refueling emkhathini engapheli ice cishe kungenakwenzeka.

Ophihliza iqhwa "Kapitan Sorokin"

impumelelo Omkhulu wenze eSoviet ebusika navigation e 1977-1978. Labe umkhankaso phezu ophihliza iqhwa adumile "Kapitan Sorokin." Yena, njengezinye imikhumbi zalolu hlobo, wadalwa "Wärtsilä" ngisemsebenzini Finnish. Bakhandwa eyakhelwe eSoviet Union, Finland futhi Argentina. Khona-ke "kusho uCaptain Sorokin" njengoba ukuhlolwa kwenziwe ethekwini Dudinka ezokuthutha imikhumbi "UPavel Ponomarev" futhi "Navarino". Ngakho, ngokokuqala ngqa kwabonisa ukuthi kungenzeka unyaka wonke Arctic navigation. Kwakuyisikhathi impumelelo enkulu, okuyinto okokuqala wakwenza icebreakers eSoviet Union.

Eminyakeni eyisithupha edlule, "kusho uCaptain Sorokin 'Wafundiswa ukuhlangabezana eGulf of nxazonke zezwe ngomkhumbi Regatta Volvo Ocean Race, okuyinto ke eseqedile Petersburg. Esikebheni kwakuneqembu, phakathi kwabanye, babe izintatheli bezithombe.

Manje, "kusho uCaptain Sorokin" futhi ukusebenza.

Okunye icebreakers yalolu hlobo

Njengoba kushiwo ekuqaleni kwalesi sihloko, ophihliza iqhwa "Kapitan Sorokin" - akulona nje umkhumbi zalolu hlobo, oyingxenye yemikhumbi yaseRussia. Kuzo zonke zikhona ngemikhumbi emine ezinjalo. Bakhandwa umkhankaso ngezindawo in 1977-1981, ngokulandelana. Yaqanjwa edume polar izinduna ezine - Sorokin, Nikolaev, Dranitsyna futhi Khlebnikov, - bayindlu lwesivikelo yemikhumbi ophihliza iqhwa.

Imikhumbi zaloluhlobo zinzima double anesitezi udizili umkhumbi kagesi. Icebreaking umnsalo, transom futhi ifakwe i helipad evumela ukusebenzisa ngokugcwele ukusebenza kwe-navigation Arctic.

Yisho ku art

Ngokuthakazelisayo, ophihliza iqhwa "Kapitan Sorokin" eyaduma hhayi kuphela Arctic nohambo. Ngo-1979 kuso yathathwa obubhalwe Yuri Vizbora. Le filimu wabizwa ngokuthi "Murmansk-198 'futhi sanikezelwa umsebenzi onzima ezinqala ukukhonza ku icebreakers.

Futhi, "kusho uCaptain Sorokin" ezishiwo ingoma Yu Vizbora ngokuthi "isikhova seqhwa".

Icebreakers eRussia namuhla

Modern imikhumbi Russian kuhlanganisa icebreakers nge ukufakwa enuzi kanye mikhumbi ingenakukwazi kagesi. Ngokusho kwemibiko yamuva, kuzo zonke zikhona 44 umkhumbi asebenziseka. Ezinhlanu kuzo - zenuzi. Ngo-2007, yaqedwa futhi wathuma ngomkhumbi okuthiwa yi "Iminyaka 50 Ukunqoba". Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lena i-ophihliza iqhwa esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. It libhekene ezahlukene, uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izitsha, ekhaleni ukuma, okuvumela iyashelela ukuze ifohle eqhweni. Usebenzela ikakhulukazi ezihambisana mahele ezilwandle abandayo Arctic. Kodwa futhi usebenzise i ophihliza iqhwa, futhi ukwenza umgibeli Cruises. Ngesikhathi nokulahla abagibeli umkhumbi - pool, sauna, yokudlela, umtapo.

Kumele waphawula ikakhulukazi le ophihliza iqhwa enamandla namaSoviet "Arktika" (kamuva uqambe kabusha "leonid uBrezhnev"). ukubaluleka kwakhe undoubted itholakala neqiniso lokuthi wayeseholela ngowokuqala ngqa safinyelela North Pole.

icebreakers zenuzi yamanje unike amandla ngonyaka ezokuthutha mayelana angamathani ayizigidi ezinhlanu, wezimpahla.

Ngakho, ophihliza iqhwa Russian yesimanje - luyinhlanganisela amandla maneuverability, nesivinini. Phambili ngokusebenzisa eqandisiwe Arctic Sea, yena kubonisa amandla ngoxhaxha yasekhaya.

umkhosi icebreakers

Ukuze engu-ayisikhombisa esenzeka Victory umkhosi grand sanikezelwa iMpi Enkulu Patriotic, wakhe ubuhanjelwe icebreakers wezwe enamandla kakhulu. Kunguye kuphela into efana nayo kanye owawusedolobheni amanzi Big iNeva. Zonke izimenywa lomkhosi zasolwandle ngokukhululekile vakashela ethulwa inkantolo.

Phakathi kwazo kwakukhona ophihliza iqhwa "Kapitan Sorokin," futhi edumile "Ivan Kruzenshtern», njalo ukukhulula amanzi izikhala phakathi dolobha enyakatho Baltic Sea. Kwakubuye kube kungenzeka ubunyoninco cwe "Petersburg" futhi "eMoscow". umzimba elinamandla Ubukhulu zalezi zimoto ubavumele ukuba kudlule kalula ngokusebenzisa zeqhwa imitha elilodwa obukhulu, futhi kuhambisane imikhumbi emikhulu bese ubheka baphihliza ngesikhathi ukujula eside.

Izivakashi emkhosini bakwazi bezobona icebreakers enamandla kakhulu imikhumbi yaseRussia. Futhi ekupheleni holidi kwakunokwenzeka ukuba bagcine an amazing, umbukwane okuthakazelisayo - a idunyiswe lwemikhumbi ngaphansi ukusekelwa orchestra bukhoma - "Maritime Waltz".

icebreakers esizayo

Ekhuluma icebreakers yesimanje, asikwazi abheke ikusasa lezi zitsha. Kuze kube manje, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokwakhiwa lwemikhumbi entsha iba isidingo oyingozi. Mhla sigcina ukubala, imikhumbi Russian idinga ngemikhumbi eziyisithupha yesimanje yenuzi-powered. Pho-ke, kuyoba ophihliza iqhwa ngekusasa?

Eminyakeni eyisikhombisa ezayo, sihlelwe ukwakha ezintathu ophihliza iqhwa yenuzi-powered enamandla esilandelayo, kakade kwesizukulwane sesithathu. Projects icebreakers kwalesi sithembiso uhlobo kuzuzwe okukhulu ijubane, amandla, ukuzimela. Kuyaqhubeka njengamanje usebenzela umkhumbi entsha "Arctic" kwesizukulwane sesithathu. Ngokusho izibalo, i-ophihliza iqhwa uzobe ebhukuda evulekile kuze kuphele iminyaka eyisikhombisa.

Kusolwa ukuthi lo mkhumbi kuyoba ngobukhulu emhlabeni, engenakuqhathaniswa futhi eyingqayizivele imingcele eminingi. Ukusungulwa kwalesi isitsha ukuvula ikhasi elisha emlandweni ngoxhaxha ophihliza iqhwa. It kungenziwa bazitshela ukuthi intuthuko e shipbuilding kuzovumela ukufunda kabanzi Arctic izindawo bathola ukuthi awazange ngaphambili kumephu.