Alexander G. Kushelov-Bezborodko: Indaba yokuphila. Mansion Kushelova-Bezborodko

inxuluma Ukubala sika Kushelev-Bezborodko ivuliwe Sverdlovskaya Embankment Petersburg. Ngaphesheya uMfula iNeva, elise Smolny Sezindela. Countryside kanye Manor indlu has a umlando onothileko ezithakazelisayo.

indaba Cottages

umuntu ongavamile eRussia usho into nesibongo Kushelev-Bezborodko. Kodwa igrafu isakhiwo engadini, okuyinto okwamanje edolobheni Petersburg futhi lapho ebizwa ngalelo gama, abaningi abawazi.

Njengoba kuyaziwa ukuthi kule ndawo phambi ukwakhiwa komuzi lalakhiwe. Imephu Manor endlini XVII ekhulwini lapho ungabona Usigaxamabhande Swedish Nienschanz. Ngokusho yetinsita sasiqhutshelwa uhlelo imihubhe ngaphansi komhlaba ukuze umfula iNeva. Etholakala eduze edolobheni Swedish Nien.

Uma le ndawo Waphindela eRussia, futhi lakhiwa Petersburg inxuluma nge amasimu kwakunikelwa ngendawo ngu-Peter mina kumkakhe Catherine ezizungezile. Ngalezo zinsuku, budebuduze Manor babe izingadi Cossack, kubo Kwatholakala imithombo yemvelo lamanzi esiphethu, okuyinto, emagameni koMbusi uPetru mina, lechivshegosya ke, akukhona wawungaphansi waseBelgium. Imithombo baletha udumo kule ndawo.

Umnikazi lokuqala Manor

Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, i-Ofisi esebusa izindawo ahlinzekwa abafisa ukuthenga emuva ifa kanye Cossack izingadi. Waveza nesifiso sakhe azitshelwa ikhansela G. N. Teplov, owayegula, kwadingeka zihambe kuleli ukuze bathole ukwelashwa phesheya phezu kwamanzi. Land Ukuthola zamnika ithuba lokuthi ziphathwe eduze nasekhaya. Lokho ku-ke esikhathini sethu isakhiwo eyaziwa ngokuthi Palace Kushelev-Bezborodko Petersburg.

G. N. Teplov ugcwale edolobhaneni eliseduze abalimi wakhe, wambiza ifa Polustrovo. Leli gama wanikezwa ithuba, kusukela endaweni sifunda sasingaba izimbuku, futhi igama elithi "squishy" elihunyushwe olimini lwesiLatini linjengezwi palustris.

Ikhansela yangasese wabe ilungiselelo izindlu. Kuze kube yimanje, wamema umakhi abadumile V Bazhenov. Ngaphansi kwesandla sakhe, kodwa yabuye yakhiwa kabusha isitayela Gothic. Ngokusho yetinsita umakhi abuyiselwe Tinsita komhlaba, okuyinto waya iNeva. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Ensemble lalinabashumayeli ikhaya zokugcina lapho bekhula nezitshalo eziqhakazayo, izihlahla zezithelo, ugwayi kanye nemifino.

Polustrovo futhi umnikazi wakhe omusha

Ngo-1782, G. N. Teplov wafa, indodana yakhe ithengiswe Polyustrovo Russian Shansela A. A. Bezborodko. Uthi ngemva konyaka, wamema abadumile wezakhiwo Quarenghi kabusha ifa, okuyinto ifomu eguquliwe ifinyelele izinsuku zethu futhi njengoba inxuluma Kushelev-Bezborodko ezaziwayo. Kodwa le nkulumo namhlanje phezu impikiswano, njengoba kunobufakazi ukusho ukuthi kabusha izindlu, mhlawumbe eholwa umakhi odumile Lviv. Omunye ethile ukuthi kocingo abadumile izingonyama wenza abaklami Russian.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi Kvarengi akababhubhisanga Manor indlu ekhona, kanye kuphela kabusha ke, enika ukubukeka ngokuphelele. Umakhi wokwakha ka ningi mansions suburban, kodwa isikhathi sethu yathinteka ezinye zazo, kuhlanganise nalena.

A. A. Bezborodko engenabantwana, futhi ngemva kokufa kwakhe, ifa uzalwe umshana wakhe, indodakazi yomfowabo - KI Princess Lobanov-Rostovsky, ukufundisa umshana A. G. Kusheleva, kamuva elaba ezigugile igama hyphenated Kulesza-Bezborodko ngokuhlanganisa amagama uyise nonina.

Kwakufana Palace eyakhiwe kabusha

Ngemva kabusha ayengaphansi uhlobo Gothic esehambile. Inxuluma baba ukukhanya futhi ngomusa. Isakhiwo isikhungo laliwukuphela kwesakhiwo main, okuyiqembu izinhlangothi sesihlukana zemibukiso ongaphambili omise evulekile. Ngenkathi kwakhiwa izigodi isakhiwo Kvarengi isicelo inqubo ezisetshenziselwa ukwakha yezindlu Italy ezweni anamagalari ezivulekileyo ezingenaso omisiwe hay.

Esimweni sezulu zinomswakama yenhloko-dolobha enyakatho le njongo abakwazanga isetshenziswe. Ngakho-ke, esikhathini esizayo, base kabusha futhi baba avaliwe. Emhlabeni esigodlweni, elaklanywa Quarenghi, lenziwe out ensimini kusihlwa ngokuphola English-style imfashini engadini eyakhelwe izindawo.

Ukuhlobisa kwaba incithakalo yokufakelwa, kudalwa a izingcezu bangempela Antique yasetshenziswa. Lesi sakhiwo engakaze walondoloza, kodwa isakhiwo main we Ensemble Manor, enomnikazi ugogo wakhe ngemva kokufa kayise nokuzinikela kwakhe kwaba Alexander G. Kushelev-Bezborodko ifinyelele izinsuku zethu.

Olungaphambili lwesonto isakhiwo ubhekene iNeva. kuvulandi wayo ehlotshiswe amakholomu kanye gable benesimo esingunxantathu. Territory kusukela iNeva anezinhlaka kocingo engavamile, eyayihlanganisa amabili nesishiyagalolunye itshe izibalo izingonyama ebambe amazinyo iketanga.

Graf AG Kushelev-Bezborodko

Mina wathola imfundo yekhethelo. Ngemva kokudlulisa ukuhlolwa ngesikhathi eMoscow University wathola iziqu ze-doctorate isayensi zokuziphatha futhi zezombusazwe, wazihlanganisa njengoba Kollezhsky umeluleki. Uyise sithenge kuye uhambo phesheya, lapho umthwalo wayo wemfanelo kwakufanele ube ngaphansi Shansela Russia at iCongress of Vienna. ehhovisi lakhe ongazange asebenze, futhi wayehamba eYurophu.

Ngemva konyaka wabuyela eRussia. Lapha yayinesithakazelo into eyodwa. UMfoweth 'Umkhulu ngasohlangothini lukanina, Chancellor Russia A. A. Bezborodko washiyela fortune phezu sokuzivocavoca kudivayisi of Sciences Ephakeme e Nizhyn. Lokhu inkinga IA Bezborodko Bala Umkhulu, owafa engacabangile ngokusebenzisa. It isinqumo sokuphuma Alexander G. Kushelev-Bezborodko. Ngo-1820, isikole yasungulwa. Manje Nezhinskii University.

Umnikazi zokugcina - Bala GA Kushelev-Bezborodko

Grigoriy Aleksandrovich kwaba indlalifa ingcebo enkulu kokhokho babo Kushelev Bezborodko. Wayengumuntu abafundile neyenza ukuthi kusebenzeke. Kodwa naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi uyise wakhuliswa austerity futhi okukhulu, yena iminyaka yokweva eshumini nambili waqala ukuphila ukuphila zasendle kumbuthano wenzalo ocebile yizinsizwa ezivela emikhayeni abadumile. Lokhu kwaba nomthelela empilweni yakhe, ngobudala 25 wayengumuntu ngendlela engenathemba iyagula.

Umlando igrafu Kushelev-Bezborodko umnikazi lokugcina izindlu e Polyustrovo Kwakudabukisa. Ukuba nekhono ukudlula sezincwadi futhi UMuphi owaziwa, osizayo, wayengumuntu ngokwemvelo ebuthaka futhi oluthambile. Bala Kushelev-Bezborodko amabanga amade e-Europe, njengoba asho kamuva wabhala e Umlando wakhe isihambi. Yena ngasondelana umphakathi of abalobi kanye izintatheli, iningi labo, uma sikubeka kahle, umuntu zingagcwaliseki.

Eminyakeni yamuva, indlela eya lihlobana umphakathi eliphakeme ayekulo ngokuzalwa, yavalwa. Ikotishi Kushelev e Polyustrovo, ngokuvumelana Umlando omlobi Russian DV Grigorovich, kwaba emehlweni ongaziwa - hhayi isakhiwo ngokwaso, kodwa ukuthi kwakwenzekani enkundleni ngaphakathi kuye.

Abantu abaningi elaziwayo elincane, nezihlobo ezikude nezinye wodweshu Russian angaphandle, ehlanganisa izintatheli encane, abadlali, tinhlobo letehlukene scoundrels, ngokuvamile nomkabo, izingane, omunye ngemva komunye, wahlala khona, Babedla, bephuza, wajabulela nje ukuthi abantu nabasebenza ducal. Indlu sasifana caravanserai. Yilowo nalowo wenza okulungile akuthandayo, usebenzisa ngobuthakathaka soreness yempi. Lokhu kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba izinsuku zakhe zokugcina.

Maecenas, UMuphi nomlobi

GA-Kushelev Bezborodko wahlala imemori bomlando ube ngumsizi wabaningi, UMuphi, umshicileli, umbhali. With iqhaza lakhe yashicilelwa izinkondlo A. N. Maykova, wanyathelisa iqoqo lokuqala imisebenzi yi omkhulu Russian wemidlalo A. N. Ostrovskogo nabanye. Ngemva London uthando nge A. I. Gertsenom, wenza umnikelo obalulekile ngokwezimali kulesi sikhwama usethe ukusiza abantu abavela kwamanye amazwe ezincane futhi ngokuthi "Jikelele Isikhwama" ezaziwayo.

Grigoriy Aleksandrovich wabhala tindzaba letimfisha, tindzaba tekuticambela travel amanothi eshicilelwe kamuva yemiqulu emibili imisebenzi eqoqwe. Wanyathelisa ngaphansi mbumbulu Gritsko Grigorenko komagazini ahlukahlukene.

Ngisho ngesikhathi sokuphila kayise, ngawo-1850, le-GA-Kushelev Bezborodko wawuhleli dacha kwakhe Polyustrovo ehlobo. Wahlala AK UTolstoy, DV Grigorovich, AV Pisemsky. Labetibambile kusihlwa etemibhalo. Becelwa yakhe, e 1858 izwe wavakashelwa Alexandre Dumas, ayemvuse befriended Paris.

I Scion lokugcina uhlobo abacebe, Bala Kushelev-Bezborodko UGrigory Alexandrovich, washona eneminyaka engu-38 eminyakeni. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1870.

resort Polyustrovo

Ekuqaleni le XIX leminyaka Manor swampland Kushelev-Bezborodko abangu ngikhandlekile esikhundleni imithombo abangu yamba imithombo emisha lamanzi esiphethu futhi indawo encane ihlelwe zokugeza ezishisayo. Ngaphansi insimu yalo yanikezwa ingxenye kwepaki Manor. It sekuneminyaka iminyaka engaba amashumi ayisihlanu.

Ngo-1868, eminyakeni emibili ngaphambi kokuzamazama kokufa Ukubala zokugcina, umlilo omkhulu kuleli yokungcebeleka phansi ngokuphelele futhi ingxenye kwepaki. Ukubuyisela abuzange. imithombo Umsebenzisi, inkampani isibe unjiniyela izimayini owahlela ekukhiqizeni, bottling, carbonation nokudayiswa lamanzi esiphethu ngokuthi "Amanzi Polyustrovsky imithombo."

I okunye isiphetho izindlu

Polustrovo indawo kancane kancane liphenduke nedlelo zokusebenza kwekilasi Petersburg. Cottage, okuyinto ephethwe Kushelev-Bezborodko, elanikezwa umphakathi Elizabeth Sisters of eCharity, okuyinto yasungulwa ngo udadewabo iNdlovukazi, Duchess Elizavetoy Fodorovnoy. Lapha, isakhiwo esisha esibhedlela futhi lo dokotela isonto Panteleimon ezakhiwa.

Ngemva inguquko, isonto behlaliswe Isibhedlela yezingane ka Infectious Diseases, futhi Cottages etholakala esakhiweni dispensaries TB. Manje isikhathi siyaphela ukwakha isakhiwo esisha umtholampilo. Manor endlini Kushelev-Bezborodko idluliselwe abatshalizimali okubuyisela futhi asebenzise njengoba isikhungo kwamasiko futhi ibhizinisi.