UHarald Hardrada, inkosi yokugcina amaViking: Biography, umlando ezithakazelisayo amaqiniso

Owaphila XI leminyaka King of Norway uHarald III Stern, eyaziwa nangokuthi 'uHarald Hardrada, waba omunye ababusi baleli zwe bakhipha brilliant isikhathi sakhe esiningi. Ngo iminyaka yakhe yobusha wazithoba wadingiselwa ezweni lakubo, bese iminyaka eminingi ekudingisweni, abahola mercenary. UHarald wakhonza e-Russia kanye waseByzantium. Ngemva kokubuyela e-Norway, efika ngenxa isihlalo sobukhosi. Ngemva kwalokho, nge ntshashintshe okuphumelela konung Ngalwa bonke omakhelwane bayo. umkhankaso wakhe wokugcina kwaba ukufika e-England. Ukufa uHarald at Albion kwaphawula ukuphela inkathi European Viking kuphangwa (ngenxa yalesi sizathu-ke uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi 'zokugcina Viking yinkosi ").

ebuntwaneni

Ubaba uHarald III kwaba USigurd Syr - konung Ringerike umbuso elincane empumalanga yeNorway. Viking Legendary wazalwa cishe 1015. Wayephethe half-brother Olaf Ii. Ngo 1015-1028 GG. ngokuthi umzala wakhe wathatha isihlalo sobukhosi iNkosi yabo bonke Norway. wokubusa Olaf iqhutshelwe phambili USigurd.

Kusukela zisencane, uHarald Hardrada eyaziwa ngokuba ubuntu bakhe nochuku ongagunci. Lokhu akusona isimanga, izimfanelo baziswa kakhulu abantu amaViking. Ayasiza uHarald eminyakeni engu-15. Ngo 1030 Olaf wabulawa wamgudluza Olwa for amandla indlu ka uKnud estridsen (kamuva wethiwa Omkhulu). Esiwujuqu empini, yiMpi Stiklastdire. Olaf ukulahlekelwa ukuphila kwakhe, futhi 'uHarald Hardrada abalimala. Wakwazi ukuphunyuka abalekele engumakhelwane Sweden.

enqabela

Ukuba lenkaba elahlekile, uHarald no emazweni angaphandle waqala ukwenza lokho akwenzayo engcono. Wabutha nethimba lakhe siqu futhi naye waqala ukuhamba ayokhonza e-Yaroslava Mudrogo. Ibutho wangenisa iqhawe abadumile Eyliv Ragnvaldson. Prince of Kiev ngaleso sikhathi ilwa Poland, nokusiza amaViking aba usizo olukhulu kuye. Ngokwe-milando zaseScandinavia, uHarald Hardrada kwaba isiqu sesibili ibutho emva Yaroslav kakhulu.

Isebenza skalds ukunikeza isithombe ephelele kunayo empilweni Viking ngaphandle Norway. Ngo igobela milando "Umbuthano Zomhlaba" kuyinto isitifiketi yesevisi UHarald-emperor WaseByzantium. UMichael IV Paphlagonian uHarald kufakwe elite Varangian Guard. Ngaphansi kokuqondisa Norwegian amaqhawe ovelele, anamakhulu mahlanu. Enkonzweni amaGreki walwa uHarald Mediterranean pirates. Ngo 1036-1040 GG. yena wayengemuva iziphathamandla zebutho Georgiya Maniaka. Leli butho isinyathelo eSicily, lapho kwakukhona khona impi Normans azinza lapha.

Phuma Byzantium

I last umkhankaso omkhulu uHarald enkonzweni umbuso kwaba nokucindezela kwavukelwa Bulgarian e 1041. Ngokusho yetinsita umholi wamavukela mbuso uPetru II Delyan mathupha wabulala ngu-Norwegian amaViking. Ngonyaka olandelayo, uHarald III Hardrada waseConstantinople ezimpini umbuso esigodlweni. Wabe, ngubani uye wawela ehlazweni, kwadingeka abaleke waseByzantium.

Ngokusho kwezinguqulo ezahlukene, Viking baphephela noma e Kiev noma Novgorod. On inhlanhla yakhe, asuse waseGreece yonke imali wathola. Njengoba inhloko Labaqaphi, waqongelela isamba eside. Zonke lezi zamatshe ayigugu negolide nazo igcinwe Russia.

Life eRussia

Ngo 1043 Yaroslav Mudry uHarald wathumela kanye nendodana yakhe, isikhulu Novgorod, uVladimir, emkhankasweni ngokumelene WaseByzantium, okuyinto ke ubusa Constantine Monomakh. Lo mkhankaso akuphumelelanga. lasolwandle Russian liye lahluleka esabekayo. Abafile 6000 zamasosha. UHarald no uVladimir wakwazi ukusinda bese ubuyela Kiev.

Lokho ebusika efanayo Norwegian waganwa indodakazi ka Yaroslava Mudrogo Elizabeth. Wawunezingane ezimbili (Ingigerd noMariya). By the way, Viking wayengumuntu yobuKristu. Noma kunjalo, abaningi emasikweni zakudala zika esedlule yobuqaba eScandinavia namanje abazange usehambile. Ngakho-ke, 'uHarald kwaba isancinza iTorah. Kusukela ke bazalwa Ngokuzayo King Norwegian Magnus II no III Olaf ukuthula.

Nalapha e Norway

Imali eqoqwe ngesikhathi isevisi woMbuso WaseByzantium, bavunyelwe uHarald ukuqoqa bayibutho oluqinile, futhi kwaba akabuyele ekhaya. ENorway ke imithetho musa yenza, futhi angene esikhundleni sakhe Magnus Dobry. UHarald, kunguye umshana. Ngaphezu, eDenmark Magnus ubusa. Sibambe lokhu, isitha sakhe wenza umfelandawonye isicelo iziphathimandla ezweni elingumakhelwane, Sven Estridsenom. Magnus waqaphela ukuthi umfelandawonye onjalo akakwazi ukubhekana nesimo, futhi wacela ukuba sakhe co-ibamba, yena nomalume wakhe. UHarald Stern bavumelana.

Ngemva konyaka kube isiphelo sesimiso sivumelwano, Magnus ngokuzuma. UHarald Hardrada kanye Queen Elizabeth eNorway waba ambalwa wezwe wasebukhosini. Ubani umbusi omusha yedwa wahlanganyela ekuqiniseni nokusimama sangaphakathi isimo. Monarch ukubaluleka yokudayisa inzuzo, futhi 1048 wasungula lula abathengisi Oslo indawo. Kamuva waba inhloko-dolobha wayo yonke Norway

Nokho, amaViking Bezingekho. Magnus wayenezimvu Nokho, eDenmark, washiyela umqhele wakhe Sven Estridsenu. UHarald, ngiphuphe ekuhlanganiseni yonke impi eScandinavia, wamemezela ku umakhelwane wakhe. I Danes babe abaphikisi engenamsebenzi. Behlelwa yilo mshophi ukunqotshwa eziningana, kanye baseNorway ngisho bashisa ukuhweba idolobha elikhulu Hedeby. Ngo 1062 Sven wahlulwa empini yemikhumbi yempi ngokuhlazisayo babaleka. Kodwa naphezu kwazo zonke intuthuko, uHarald akazange abe inkosi yakwa-Denmark. Kuye nobutha njengoba abantu abavamile yezwe, futhi ukwazi ukuthi. Ukuyiqonda injongo yangempela yokunikezwa ngobuze izimangalo zawo, uHarald Hardrada lwaphetha ngezithombe Sven emhlabeni.

yinye kwamandla

UHarald balwa, hhayi nje kuphela Denmark kodwa evela eSweden. Ngo 1063 ukuvukela zamanga yinkosi izikhulu wavula eNorway. nkosi Swedish asekelwe lezi zihlubuki Earls. UHarald, nakuba akakwazanga uwine Denmark, wayecabanga ukuthi ngeke give up lokho ngeyoFakazi kuye. Futhi ngo 1063, yasihlephula ibutho sokusebenzisana nezihlubuki abaseSweden empini Vänern.

Abacindezela izimpawu yokuphikisana amandla akhe, Stern wayengenawo nakancane amahloni kwabezindaba futhi wabonisa unya. Kwakuphakathi Earls yakhe Norwegian nezakhamuzi ezicebile okokuqala okhonzile ngokuphelele emandleni obukhosi. Zonke ungavumelani nemigomo King, kuhlanganise izintela ezimba eqolo izimpi njalo, baxoshwa ezweni bevalelwe zokuphila. Ngokusebenzisa yinye, uHarald Hardrada, zinyanga Viking yinkosi, wajabulela ukusekelwa amukelwa yisonto lobuKristu.

Sailing eNgilandi

Ukuphumelelisa nokugcina njengoba eNorway, inkosi esasichitha zonke izinsuku zokuphila kwakhe ngokuthula. Kodwa Ngangifisa ayesekhulile uHarald Hardrada? Imishado King wamnika abe nendlalifa, ngakho-ke ithemba ekusekeleni lwamakhosi. Nokho, le nkosi namanje libhekene nentshiseko obusha, ngiphuphe Ukunqoba entsha futhi wandise kwegunya layo. Ngakho-ke, uma izimo wamvumela ukumemezela ibhidi wakhe ukuze amandla eBrithani, akazange behluleka ukusizakala leli thuba.

Phakathi nokuphila eyandulela uHarald sobukhosi Norwegian, Magnus, waphetha nenkosi Harthacnut sivumelwano eziyohlala ngemva kokufa kwendlalifa yakhe. Iqiniso yaleso sivumelwano akuyona efakazelwe-mlando. Noma kunjalo, nale agumenti uHarald bafike endaweni Albion, ehamba phambili ibutho elikhulu.

ukufa

Inkosi yase-England ngo-1066 kwaba uHarold II Godwinson. Kuyinto kuye abamisa UHarold. konung Norwegian bacela ukusekelwa umfowabo ahlaza isitha sakhe, Tostig Godwinson. Viking disembarkation esenzeka North-England.

Impi yokuqala Fulford, eduze York, baseNorway inqobe kumhambela. Kodwa ukunqoba yaba ngeyesikhashana. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezinhlanu (September 25, 1066) 'uHarald Stern lahluleka ichoboza futhi wabulawa empini ngemva kokuba hit emphinjeni ngenxa yabacibishelayo. ENgilandi kufika 300 imikhumbi Viking. Escape kwaba 25. kuphela Isidumbu King futhi ibuyela ekhaya. Wembelwa e Trondheim. Ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa, uHarold II wagudluzwa Godwinson Olwa omusha esihlalweni sobukhosi England - Norman uWilliam uMnqobi.