Ingabe udinga izitshalo ze-Volsky zensimu eRussia?

Izitshalo zesimeme zaseRussia ikakhulukazi zisekelwe eminyakeni yokuqala yekhulu lama-20. Zakhiwe masinyane futhi zinezixhobo eziphambili zesikhathi sabo.

Embuzweni wendlela yokwakha imishini yokwakha ukuthi, lapho igcwele amanzi, ingabe isakha ngokushesha izinto ezinjengamatshe, ososayensi namakhemikhali baye balwela isikhathi eside. Izinto zokwakha ezinjalo kufanele zibe namandla, zikhuni ngokushesha, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo intengo yayo ayikwazanga ukuphakama.

Emva kokusungulwa kwamakhemende asePortland ngoJoseph Aspdin ngo-1824, kwakuthatha isikhathi esingaphezu kwengxenye yekhulu leminyaka ukuqonda le nto. Ubuchwepheshe busekelwe ohlelweni lokugaya amatshe e-lime ngokuhambisana nokuphathwa kokushisa.

Imephu yezitshalo zesimeme zaseRussia, kokubili ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, futhi namuhla kubonisa idatha ye-geological phambi kwe-Cretaceous deposits (okuthiwa i-apocs). Imiphumela enengqondo yalokhu, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuhleleka okukhulu kakhulu, yiqiniso ukuthi lezo zinto zokusetshenziswa zivame ukuchithwa emigodini yemifula nolwandle. Ngenxa yalokho, ezimweni eziningi ukuthuthwa kwemikhiqizo eqedile ngokuthuthwa kwamanzi akuyona inkinga.

Isibonelo sendlela izitshalo ze-samente zaseRussia ezakha ngayo zingaba amabhizinisi edolobheni laseVolsk, esifundazweni saseSaratov. Ngo-1897 umthengisi uGlukhov wavula ukukhiqizwa kwezinto zokwakha ngaphansi kwephawu lokuthengisa "Ukubambisana ekukhiqizeni isitimela seGluhozero Portland", okokuqala ngqa besebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bwanamuhla njengokugaya izitshalo zokugubha. Eminyakeni yobukhosi baseSoviet, leli bhizinisi lalibizwa ngeBolshevik. U-1912 wabonakaliswa ukubonakala komunye umdlali emakethe yokwakha yaseMbusweni waseRussia, inkampani ehlanganyelwe yiSaratov.

Ukukhiqizwa kweRussia-Swiss kaPligin noSeifert kuvulwe ngo-1903. Ngokushesha inkampani yaseSwitzerland enezinhlangano ezihlangene Asserin yaqala esinye isitshalo samasenti. Izithombe ezigcinwe emnyuziyamu womlando wangakini wedolobha laseVolsk, elibhalwa isikhathi sokuthi imihlangano yokukhiqiza ibhukhimakhi ibhalwe nini.

Ngakho-ke, engaphansi kweyishumi nesigamu idolobha elincane elisedolobheni laphenduka isikhungo esiphezulu sezimboni ezinezimboni ezine, zilayishwe imiyalo ngamaphesenti angamakhulu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngaphezulu. Ezikhathini zentwasahlobo nasehlobo, abasebenzi basezikhathini base beqashwe, okwakuthiwa yizindlu zokuzivikela.

Ikhwalithi yesimiso seVolsky ibilokhu iphezulu kakhulu. Yayisetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwezingqimba, bese kuthi ukwakhiwa kweNqabayokulinda yase-Ostankino.

Iyini imfihlakalo yesithakazelo esinjalo samamenti ngabamele abomphakathi webhizinisi? Okokuqala, ukutholakala kwezinto ezibonakalayo eziphezulu, okungaba kubiza ukuthwala kusukela kude. Okwesibili, isimo sokutshala izimali esihle. Ukuqhuba ibhizinisi ezweni lakithi ngaphambi kuka-1917 lalilula njengoba eYurophu noma eNyakatho Melika Melika, ngakho izitshalo zensimu zaseRussia zazikhula ngokushesha.

Yini eguqukile kusukela ngaleso sikhathi? Ngeshwa, okuningi. Kulezi zitshalo ezine, eyodwa kuphela ehlala, i-Glukhoozero efanayo "iBolshevik". Yiqiniso, imithombo yezinto ezibonakalayo iyingxenye ethile, kodwa iyohlala amakhulu eminyaka. I-Volga isendaweni. Ngeke kwenzeke ukuthi ukuthengiswa kwezinto ezibalulekile zokwakha kuye kwehla. Ngabasebenzi, kufaka phakathi iziqu eziphezulu, azikho izinkinga. Ngakho-ke yini edingekayo ukuze ivuselele izitshalo ezingcono kakhulu zensimu eRussia?