Amaqiniso Amanga eyashintsha umhlaba

Ukuphendukela umlando, uzothola: amaqiniso ezingabazisayo lidlule njengolunye iqiniso elimsulwa kwesisodwa. Eqinisweni, kunezinkolelo-mbono eziningi futhi "Okwatholwa" Ososayensi abaningi bayavuma ukuthi uma langena izingqondo zabantu astray. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye zazo hhayi kuphela ziye zinjalo, kodwa futhi kwaholela emiphumeleni engelapheki. Nazi 9 amaqiniso amanga ukuthi uma ushintshe jikelele.

1. Izinto ezingokwemvelo awapheli

Manje inqamule United States - akuyona into enkulu. Ngokwazi yilapho amehlo omuntu ephelela - onguthelawayeka kanye komgwaqo ukuphumula sithule. Kodwa la mazwe wabheka ukuthi emakhulwini amaningana eminyaka adlule? Imihlambi zenyathi amadamu, izinkulungwane izinyoni zasendle futhi amahlathi aluhlaza ... eZulwini Emhlabeni? Yebo, yena lapho, kwaze kwafika usuku olulodwa lapho baseYurophu walibhubhisa.

Melika bavele ngaphambi izifiki onqenqemeni ngokuchichima zicatshangwe. Mhlawumbe yabona umxhwele kangangokuba wadala inganekwane zabo kubo: ngomnotho yemvelo yendawo alikwazi isiphelile. Abantu ababeka unganqikazi beaver sekuhlatshiwe, amaphiva, ama-lynx futhi kufakazela kuso sonke isibalo sabantu. Amasimu zasendle namahlathi ngokuba silishiyile izwe, labantu inyathi yehlile kusuka ezingu-60 kuya ezinkulungwaneni, futhi umgibeli ijuba baye safa.

Yiqiniso, kwakukhona nalabo abafuna ukuvikela imvelo owalwela ukuphathwa ngesihluku kwezilwane nezimila. Kucatshangwa ukuthi kwakunzima, ngoba abantu musa ngokushesha aqaphele wrongfulness. Noma kunjalo, kuba inganekwane kwemithombo yemvelo ongashi uye waholela ekusungulweni amapaki eziningi kazwelonke e-United States.

2. Imvelo yomuntu bungabonakala ukubukeka

Thina njalo sihlaziye lowo muntu ngesisekelo idatha yangaphandle yayo, sibuyela thina Okwamanje lo mbiko noma cha. Yingakho abadlali efana Jason Statham movie udlalwa izinhlamvu ezifanayo. Eqinisweni, ukubonakala kanye uhlamvu abanalutho abajwayelene ngakho, futhi leli phutha kufanele abalandeli physiognomy.

Isayensi yokunquma ngezici zobuntu lomuntu umsuka emuva ezikhathini zasendulo. Ngakho, Pythagoras wenqaba ukuthatha e abafundi abantu bebheka oyisiphukuphuku, futhi ngesikhathi sika-Aristotle ezibanzi ubuso isibonakaliso eduze crazy. washayelwa Kusobala amalungiselelo eziyisisekelo physiognomy e udokotela Italian XVII ekhulwini Giambattista della Porta, futhi lokhu ngesinye isizathu esenza manje ngenxa ukuma kwekhala noma umlomo bayakwazi zokuhlukanisa umuntu snobs futhi idiots.

Nokho, umonakalo enkulu nocwaningo lwakhe lashaya criminologist futhi udokotela wezengqondo Cesare Lombroso ekhulwini XIX. Izigebengu, wayeqiniseka usosayensi, babe idatha ethile zangaphandle. Ngakho, nemihlathi okukhulu and yocingo ongaphakeme kakade ibonisa ukuthambekela lobugebengu isegazini. Kuyinto ngenxa imfundiso yokuziphendukela Dr. Lombroso e ukwazi yomphakathi enezimpande unaphakade umqondo ezinkulukazi ukuthi ijaji umuntu angakwazi futhi kufanele kube ukuvela.

3. iphunga kukhona izimbangela zezifo

Lutho neze ubungeke ufuna ukuba eLondon XIX leminyaka. Ngo 1830 ubhubhane lwe-typhus, Umkhuhlane nekholera ngokoqobo ucekela phansi umuzi. Isimo kwakuba kukhulu kangangokuthi ngisho abavelele emphakathini aqala ukuqaphela lokho ukungcola abampofu baphila. Isizathu kwaba inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela miasma. Ngokusho kwakhe, ukugula nokufa kubangelwa iphunga elibi lovela ukubola udaba eziphilayo. Yiqiniso, kwaba into exakayo, kodwa kuye kwaba nethonya elihle ezweni lonke.

Ngenxa theory miasma ezimweni sanitary London ziye ngcono kakhulu. Njengoba ungacabanga, lokhu akuzange kwenzeke ubusuku. Ukuqamba kwandulelwe ukugunyazwa okwenziwe izenzakalo afakiwe emlandweni njengoba iPhunga Elibi Kakhulu. Ehlobo esishisayo 1858 uMfula iThames, okwathi njalo iwe imfucumfucu ezimboni, namadela kanye endleni, waqala ukunyathelisa ukunuka babulawa, ephoqa izakhamizi ukushiya London, futhi iPhalamende ukuthatha izinqumo eziphuthumayo. Ngokushesha enhlokodolobha yase isimiso esisha sokukhuculula indle yadalwa, futhi yokugula ekhulile kanye nokufa kuye kwanyamalala ezitaladini zawo.

Miasma theory ukuthi iyakuphikisa kuphela 1892, lapho ubhubhane sohudo Hamburg akazange lasakazekela London, naphezu namanje "elimnandi" umoya walo. Mhlawumbe, uma umcabango womphakathi uDkt uJohn Snow, ababesenethonya ezitholakala 1854 ukuthi ikholera kubangelwa amanzi okuphuza i elinegciwane kusukela eMfuleni iThames.

4. ezulwini Christian ukhona emhlabeni

Inganekwane umbuso yobuKristu Prester UJohn wazalelwa e-Europe ku 1145, futhi uma wahlala ngalezo zinsuku, nalokho futhi bekuyoba ufuna khona. Ngokwe-legend, embusweni lobuKristu ubugebengu kanye nezidingo, intukuthelo futhi umona embozwe phansi emifuleni kwaba ayigugu. Nokho, omunye inkinga ipharadesi isekhona: wayezungezwe amaqaba futhi babeyizidlova, futhi babengenaso nezinye isifiso kodwa ababengakuphanga kuyo. Ukuze uthole futhi uvikele umbuso wasenganekwaneni, baseYurophu waya uhambo abaningi baya e-Asia nase-Afrika. Akubuzwa ukuthi ukufunwa Christian Shambhala neNkosi yawo bejabule empeleni kwaholela ezimpini ezichitha igazi lenkolo?

5. izakhi ezine ukulawula umzimba womuntu

abelaphi ngesiGreki ukuthi umuntu wenziwe izakhi ezine: igazi, phlegm, Bile omnyama ophuzi. ayo Vital, njengoba zibizwa kanjalo, ukufanisa izakhi ezine: Umoya, amanzi, umhlaba nomlilo. okuqukethwe kwabo emzimbeni womuntu inquma uhlobo Ubumnene. Ngakho, predominance ophuzi Bile wamenza choleric, omnyama - melancholic, isikhwehlela - phlegmatic, futhi igazi - sanguine. Lapho sinqamukile ibhalansi phakathi kwabo, babekholelwa amaGreki asendulo, abantu bagule.

Kulesi theory kwaba logic ekhethekile, akumangalisi ukuthi uye waba nomthelela omkhulu ku imithi kwekhulu XIX. Ukubuyisela ibhalansi ayo esibalulekile futhi utakule abantu ukushintsha izindlela zokuphila, ehlanza umzimba ngosizo enemas futhi behileleke nakwezamabhizinisi nomkhuba wokuchitha igazi. Indlela yokugcina ukwelashwa kwaba yingozi kakhulu. Njengoba isifo ochithayo ngokwayo, kwabulala izinkulungwane zabantu. Omunye wabo, mhlawumbe, uvele Dzhordzh Vashington. Phakathi ukwelashwa, igazi-angakuvumela, owawungumnyaka okudambisa laryngitis kanye nenyumoniya, umongameli wokuqala wase-United States ngo-esingaphansi kosuku elahlekile 40% we igazi ufe ngokuzuma.

6. Umuntu angaba ukuthola ukuphila okuphakade esebenzisa elixir

Ukuze babe ongafi, alchemy wasebenza engaphezu kweyikhulu. Ukudala elixir athandwayo, bona uhlanganise izinto ezahlukene, futhi izithelo ucwaningo lwabo lwavivinywa ngokwabo, okuyinto ngokuvamile iba imbangela yokufa kwabo. Ngo-850, i-Alchemist we Tang Dynasty wadala nemiyo engavamile amalahle, saltpeter nesibabule. Yiqiniso, akazange ingamupha ukuphila okuphakade, kodwa wenza into akukho ezingabalulekile kangako. "Elixir of Sokungafi" watshisa indlu yakhe futhi ezilimele isikhumba izandla nobuso. Kwabe sekuvela ukuthi, Alchemist yasungulwa ifomula womshini powder. Ngakho, akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi akazange athole ukungafi, kodwa futhi wadala umbulali wangempela, ngenxa lapho impi olandelayo baba olunegazi nakakhulu.

7. Iso lomuntu liwumsebenzi ukukhanya, ukuvumela ukubona izwe

ososayensi ngesiGreki baye esephetha wonke umbono, bezama ukuchaza indlela Iso lomuntu isebenza. Ngokusho kwakhe, ngaphakathi kubo umlilo abantu abangeza ngalo futhi zibonakala. Amehlo, amaGreki asendulo wagomela, ihlaba umkhosi ukukhanya, ukuxubana amasayithi yemvelo esibophezelayo nezangaphandle umphefumulo zomhlaba.

Lo mbono uye eside waqonda njengoba lwesayensi futhi kwakheka isisekelo nezinkolelo-ze iso ezimbi - ngokubona, uyakwazi incurring ukwehluleka, enkingeni ngisho inhlekelele. It singene cishe kuyo yonke imiphakathi futhi izinkolo, kuhlanganise Islam nobuKristu. Noma ngabe ukuphi kwenzeke ukuba, noma ngabe eMpumalanga Yurophu noma Asia, ngokumelene neso elibi njalo kuyoba izintelezi wathola kanye iziphonso. Akukholeki ngekhulu xxi, siqhubeka ivikelwe. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuyadingeka kulesi simo nhlobo sibheke nomunye?!

8. nomsebenzi wezolimo Ukwandiswa kubangela imvula

Wake wazibona izithombe American Midwest kwekhulu XX? Njengomthetho azilutho kodwa umhlabathi owomile ezinothuli. Baqala ukuba avele ngemva kwempi yombango kanye nokubuya abalimi kuya kulinganiswa impilo yasemaphandleni.

Esikhathini esiyiminyaka kusuka 1865 kuya 1875 e Midwest Kuvezwe enye inkolelo-ze: kwabantu ukusebenza, maningi amathuba okuthi baqale imvula. Saxoxa ngakho konke - kusuka izintatheli kosopolitiki kanye nososayensi. Nokho, ngokuqhubeka ukusebenza kwezolimo ezindaweni ezomileyo, abalimi hhayi kuphela akuzange kumenze imvula, kodwa futhi wabhubhisa wangaphezulu. Umphumela lendlela ayilungile komhlaba ukulima waba uthuli nezivunguvungu-1930, futhi endaweni kanye evundile selande laze laba esibi. kakhulu abalimi endaweni.

9. North Pole - kungcono Edene

Namuhla, ngosizo "-Google Earth 'wonke umuntu angakwazi ukuhlola noma iyiphi ingxenye komhlaba. Nokho, emakhulwini eminyaka ambalwa adlule, abantu abazange babe izinhlelo ezinjalo, futhi nombono ofiphele lokho kubukeka sengathi, isibonelo, North Pole, futhi ngeso lengqondo, njengoba iye ngokuphindaphindiwe ebonisa umlando, - luyingozi.

Ngokwabacwaningi kwekhulu XVI, inikeza ulwandle efudumele. Ice-North Pole wayengekho, bakholwa. Phela lokhu, wayezobe elicibilikile ku izinsuku polar futhi ayikwazanga aye amiswa engxubeni yamanzi anosawoti omkhulu zeqhwa. Izikhangibavakashi yonkana North Pole kwakubonakala abacwaningi babonisa ukungesabi adventure lula, kodwa namakhulu eminyaka ambalwa alandela, bamane nje nje bezama ukuthola kuye.

Ngo-1879, inganekwane Edene polar kwaze kwaphela. Kwabe sekuvela ukuthi, akukho ulwandle efudumele alikho, futhi wonke amathemba elikhanyayo ezibhujisiwe ngemva bomkhankaso edabukisayo uGeorge Washington DeLong.