Article 58 we Criminal Code of the RSFSR: umthwalo semisebenzi esiphikisayo wamavukelambuso

ESoviet Union wayengomunye walabo kuthi kwesokunxele eziningi izimfihlakalo ezingaxazululeki futhi imibuzo ezingaxazululeki. Njengoba isimo wobushiqela nge control esiqinile of yonke imikhakha yempilo okwenziwa abantu abavamile, iSoviet Union kwadingeka umthethosisekelo efanele, okuyinto nakanjani ivikele phambili babe ngesisekelo uhulumeni zamaKhomanisi. Ikakhulukazi, icala ekhethekile yokucindezelwa zezombangazwe zase okuhloswe ngaso labo uzwakalise iyiphi ukunganeliseki uhulumeni wamanje. ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu Political yazuza isikali makhulu ngaphansi uJoseph Stalin. Ngenxa yale njongo kukhona sihloko ekhethekile 58. Kuze kube manje, izazi-mlando azikwazi ukuba afinyelele isiphetho esifanayo maqondana nalolu daba. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuba sithole ukuthi noma cha isakhamuzi kweSoviet Union, ngisho a anecdote elula mayelana umholi kungaba emakamu noma nhlobo ukuba badutshulwe.

Article 58 we Criminal Code ye-USSR

Zonke iziboshwa zezombusazwe, zazifakwa kungakhathaliseki amacala abo, senzeka isihloko 58 we Criminal Code ye-USSR. Isihloko inikeza isijeziso semisebenzi esiphikisayo wamavukelambuso. Yini Lalimeleleni? Ngaphansi imisebenzi esiphikisayo wamavukelambuso ahilela izenzo ukuvimbela ukusabalala, noma ehlanganiswe impilo kwezifiso ahlukahlukene wamavukelambuso neziqondiso ukuthi beseke uhulumeni wamaKhomanisi. Esigabeni sokuqala salesi sihloko sasithi esiphikisayo wamavukelambuso isenzo - kuyinto yimuphi umzamo ukuze acekele phansi noma buthaka amandla zaseSoviet endaweni ye-USSR, kanye nemizamo buthaka amandla zangaphandle kanye uzuza sezombusazwe, sezempi noma kwezomnotho. Ngokusho nomqondo womfelandawonye abasebenzi, ezifana umthwalo walala phezu abaphehla isimo ubugebengu potiv, okwakuyinto yeSoviet Union, kodwa esehlale uhlelo yesigaba sabasebenzi.

Empeleni, iSiphakamiso 58 ngaphansi Stalin lwenzelwe ukuletha labo ngandlela-thile uyakuphika noma wayephikisa amandla baseSoviet ukuthi abenze noma ubulungisa. Emphakathini wanamuhla, laba bantu yayiyobizwa ngokuthi abashisekeli. Kuyadingeka ukuba ubuyekeze ngokuningiliziwe zonke izinto, okuhlanganisa Article 58, ukuqaphela ukuthi okufanayo izobuswa, okuyinto uhulumeni wamaSoviet kubhekwe counterrevolutionary.

isigaba 1

Isigaba 1a unamalungiselelo eziphathelene namacala okuvukela umbuso, okungukuthi ukweqa yesitha, Ukukhishwa izimfihlo isimo yesitha, lobunhloli, ukubaleka phesheya. Ngenxa yalezi ubugebengu isijeziso dolobha wayedubula ebhekise, kodwa ezidinga ngibonelele - bokuhlukaniswa ukukhululeka kube isikhathi esiyiminyaka 10 ne kwezincwadi (nhlobo noma ngokwengxenye) walo mhlaba. Lokhu kufanele ukusho amazwi ambalwa. Njengoba eSoviet Union ngaleso sikhathi kwaba endaweni enobutha kakhulu, akumangalisi ukuthi indiza (le ndiza, hhayi ukuba ahambe kulelo zwe) wajeziswa ngakho kanzima, ngoba eqinisweni kwakuyizwi okuvukela uMbuso efanayo.

Endinyaneni 1b iqukethe amalungiselelo efanayo e 1a, kodwa mayelana abantu enkonzweni yezempi. Futhi-ke, ukuthi ubugebengu esifanayo esenziwa inkonzo yezempi, kodwa mabi kakhulu, uma lezi amacala nhlobo kukhona ukushiyana kwezidalwa. Ngakho-ke, akumangalisi ukuthi RSFSR Criminal Code ngakho kanzima ukujezisa lempi.

isigaba 1c usungula wemfanelo imindeni yamasosha abaye benza ubugebengu. Uma amalungu omndeni bayaziqaphela ubugebengu kuhlelwe, kodwa akazange abike mandla, noma nomthelela nekhomishana yaso, basuke wagwetshelwa esiyiminyaka 5 kuya ku-10 begqunywe ejele futhi ekuthathweni kwempahla. Le nto kungaba kubhekwe omunye ngonya kakhulu kuso sonke lesi sihloko, kodwa, njengoba kuboniswa ekutadisheni zomlando, kuleliphuzu Ngadonsa isigwebo 0.6% kuphela zonke iziboshwa zezombusazwe ka, okungukuthi, it is kuyaqabukela asetshenziswa. RSFSR Criminal Code kungenziwa ngokuthi ngonya, kodwa ngenxa ke ngokoqobo kwakubonakala kunye nabaphathi abafaneleko.

Isigaba 1d inikeza izinhlawulo ukwehluleka ukubika okusondelayo ukuvukela umbuso wezempi. Ukuze wezempi yingaleso umthwalo oqondene naye ngqo, ngakho akumangalisi ukuthi ngakho ukulahlwa okukhulu. Kepha abantu abangekho empini, kwakukhona isigaba 12, ehlinzekela isijeziso esifanayo. Kodwa ngaleso sikhathi kumiswa sobala manje isijeziso esinesihluku wabheka ngempela okunengqondo, ngoba ngaleso sikhathi kwakungekho umcabango ovulekile.

isigaba 2

Isigaba 2 enikeziwe isigwebo sentambo - ukukhishwa - kulabo ngokuhlubuka ahlomile wazama ukuketula amandla Soviet ezindaweni kanye Union republic. Ngezinye izikhathi, njengoba ifomu onomoya omnene isijeziso yasetshenziselwa uxoshwe ezazivela eSoviet Union bancishwa wonke amalungelo ekuthathweni kwempahla. Izenzo ezinjalo wawajezisa kanzima futhi inombolo kwamazwe anamuhla.

Izinto 3, 4, 5

Izindima 3, 4 no-5 ukunikeza ukuthi ngokubambisana ne ngelezizwe, ekusizeni izinhloli isitha noma nezinye izenzo aqondiswe eSoviet Union, kuncike isijeziso esifanayo endimeni 2.

Into 6

Isigaba 6 libhekisela konke lokho kwakubhekwa njengobufakazi lobunhloli, okungukuthi Ukukhishwa isitha izimfihlo isimo noma ulwazi olubucayi ukuthi akuyona imfihlo, kodwa azikwazi wakwambula. Ngoba futhi wathembela ukudubula noma kuleli zwe.

Izinto 7, 8, 9

Izindima 7, 8 no-9, osebenza isijeziso esifanayo ukuze ukuketula esiphikisayo wamavukelambuso noma izenzo zobuphekula phezu endaweni ye-USSR.

Into 10 - bagqugquzela ukuba kuvukelwe amaSoviet

Mhlawumbe esibi kakhulu iphuzu 10. It sibhekelela indaba sokuyaluza okuthiwa simelene namaSoviet, ngokuyisisekelo okuyinto kwaba ukuthi kwanoma luhloboluni, nkulumo-ze ngenxa kokugumbuqelwa amandla Soviet, uma utholakala nezincwadi eziningana zivinjelwe, obala ukunganeliseki nokunye kuyinto yisigwebo ejele okungenani 6 izinyanga. Ngempela, uHulumeni waseSoviet akuyinto ezifana inkululeko yokukhuluma, kwakungeyona. Le nto ifomu Ushintshe futhi kuyisici esihlupha Criminal Code, Article 280.

Izindima 11 - 14

Ngo izigaba 11 kuya ku-14 aqukethe amalungiselelo mayelana amacala bureaucratic, anti-abantu izenzo ngesikhathi kulwiwa (futhi kamuva - kanye ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe), ukulungiswa izenzo zobuphekula nokunye.

Lalibhekisela labo abathintekile ngesitatimende lesi sihloko - isitha abantu. Abantu abanjalo, njengoba kuboniswe ngenhla, abangu ngaphansi nokubulawa, ngokudingiswa lizwe, ehlezi emajele nasemakamu. Abaningi yicala ngaphansi sihloko 58 babe labo hola ngempela, kodwa kwakukhona labo wamangalela lokuvukela umbuso. Nanobe tikhungo nokuvikeleka sithakazelo esitheni eqinisweni, ngakho mina ukuqashelwa abawa e emkhakheni buka ku lesi sihloko, umane engayiphanga. Lokhu kusho okuningi ubufakazi sikhathi. Labo ababekhonza isigwebo sakhe, isikhathi eside kwaba igadiwe. Babenqatshelwe ukuthola umsebenzi, thola impesheni, zokuhlala, bona ayelinganiselwe amathuba ayenetshisekelo isakhamuzi abavamile Soviet.

Article 58 ngaphansi Stalin kwaba idokhumenti izothandwa kakhulu evumela ukuba cindezela ezivamile lempi. Nokho, ngesikhathi ikhomishana Khrushchev sika ekhethekile uphenyo ubugebengu yasungulwa. Eziningi zalezi yalahla abangu avuselelwa, ngeshwa, ngemva kokufa kwakhe. Labo abasinda wabuyela amalungelo wangaphambili futhi amalungelo.

Njalo isimo kumele bavikele isithunzi sayo indawo futhi wamalungelo. Article 58 wase-USSR kwaba ngokunembile leso siqinisekiso sokuvikeleka. Yiqiniso, manje, ezifana banikwe isigwebo esinzima kungase kubhekwe njengokwelapha ukuhlukumeza esobala kwamalungelo wobuntu, kodwa ngesikhathi isihloko 58 wabonakala ufaneleka futhi ngempela wanikeza isijeziso fair kulabo abekwa ubugebengu ngokumelene amandla Soviet.