Battle of Smolensk e 1812 - Ukungqubuzana kuqala sina yebutho Russian ngokumelene Napoleon

Labetibambile ekuqaleni kuka-August, Battle of Smolensk e 1812 kwaba impi yokuqala phakathi Russian kanye isiFulentshi, futhi nakuba akazange abe mpi kwakulwa, kodwa isibe omunye izenzakalo ezimangalisayo kakhulu empini Napoleon. Asikwazi ukusho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi lokhu kungqubuzana wamabutho kwaphawula ukuqala ophukayo ngesikhathi le ngxabano.

Nakuba ukubaleka yebutho Russian eMoscow akayekile Nokho, emva kwempi Smolensk yaqedwa, kwathatha uhlamvu kuyiwa, futhi Napoleon athoma ukulemuka bona okusheshayo 'blitzkrieg "ngeke isebenze, futhi ngokushesha noma kamuva kufanele uthole izindlela ezintsha zempi kanye mhlawumbe ngisho ngezizathu okwesikhathi kuthula.

Ngokuthakazelisayo, nakuba bobabili bengazange Napoleon noma induna Okokuqala Western Army Mikhail Barclay de Tolly ukuqhuba impi ka Smolensk abazange bazame ukuyigwema kwakungenakwenzeka. Napoleon kwadingeka enze isinqumo esibonisa ikhefu kusengaphambili zabo ngokushesha insimu Russian. Ngenxa nesidingo sokuqinisekisa ukudla ukuzenzela, amabutho French kanzima welulela esandleni, futhi kwadingeka ukuba uhlanganiswe ku isibhakela olulodwa futhi ngenkathi kuzanywa kanjalo ukuze aqede ngisho nokuphathwa yempi yokuqala esentshonalanga Barclay de Tolly kusukela kwalapho ne Army Okwesibili, okuyinto yayalwa Bagration, ngesikhathi esifanayo bobabili kusukela enhlokodolobha.

Barclay de Tolly uyesaba empini ngqo amabutho kaKesari French ukwazi indlela eqinile futhi aqeqeshiwe amasosha akhe kuleyo ndlela zempi. Wayengafuni ukuba amandla ukulwa amabutho Russian buthaka empini enjalo, siqaphela ukuthi ukugqugquzelwa isitha eMoscow ngeke bakwazi ukuyeka noma kunjalo. Nokho, ngenxa ingcindezi eziphikelelayo we nethimba yasebukhosini futhi ojenene bakhe siqu, kuba unethemba wukwehlukana okusobala ibutho isiFulentshi, kwakufanele bonyana enze uyavumelana ukulwa eduze Smolensk.

Agasti 4th nanhlanu amabutho senkulungwane Russian wacasulwa isiteleka lokuqala French e Smolensk, izibambe kusengaphambili abo futhi inikeze ithuba le wokuQala nowesiBili Western Army, ntambama ngosuku olufanayo, abanobunye Ukubuthelela 120,000th ukuza emzini futhi uhlale ku ibhange kwesokudla Dnieper eziphakeme malungana 200,000th ibutho isiFulentshi, ukuqinisa ngebhange ngakwesokunxele.

Ekuseni Napoleon kulindeleke ukuthi amasosha Russian izoya ensimini ukulwa lonke ifomu, kodwa lokhu akuzange kwenzeke. Umlawuli Russian oyinhloko, namanje abafisa silondoloze ibutho nganoma iziphi izindlela aliyikunqunywa-dolobha, i-oda ukubaleka maqondana eMoscow. Ukuze sihlanganise ukubaleka, futhi aqukethe ukuhlaselwa kwezinhloko zamaviyo isiFulentshi, yabelwe izindlu Rajewski futhi Dokhturov nokuhlukanisa Neverovsky futhi Konovitsina ngokuyisisekelo futhi iqhaza ekulweni isiFulentshi. ibutho sikaNapoleon at Smolensk ukulahlekelwa zaba abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-20. Nakuba impi Russian elahlekile abayizinkulungwane 10 kuphela.

Ngakusasa Valutina Izintaba - idolobhana elise amakhilomitha 10 kusukela Smolensk, kwakukhona Ukungqubuzana phakathi lamabutho 3000th of Russian, elaliholwa Tuchkov, nezinkulungwane 40 amaFulentshi endabeni Jikelele Ney eyayithunywe Napoleon ngenjongo cut ukuxhumana aphumayo ibutho Russian . Tuchkov, ukuhlola izingozi ezibangelwa kuya iqhinga Russian of Ney, ngokusuka kubo bavala indlela amandla abo amancane isiFulentshi, ukuthatha isikhundla kahle endleleni Smolensk. Ngenxa nenzuzo yesikhundla sabo Tuchkov wakwazi ukulawula French usuku lonke, futhi kusukela ngisho ngezikhathi angene balwe. Phakathi elokugcina, eyaqala kakade lapho kunonyezi, ujenene abanesibindi walimala nge insabule, futhi iziboshwa.

Nokho imizamo Tuchkova neze yize. ibutho Russian ephethwe ukuhoxisa ngempumelelo. Ngakho, impi ye-Smolensk yaqedwa, eyathatha kube ingqikithi yezinsuku ezingu ezimbili. Smolensk bawa, kodwa ibutho Russian ngaphandle ukulahlekelwa okukhulu sawela Dnieper futhi zinhlanga ujule Russia, ilungele okwengeziwe ukulwa imisebenzi.